-ше

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Kazakh

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *-če (orientative–prolative suffix). Cognate with Azerbaijani -cə; Turkish -çe, -ce; Uzbek -cha; Tuvan -че (-çe), -же (-je); etc.

Suffix

preceding vowel
А / Ы / О / Ұ Ә / Е / І / Ө / Ү
postconsonantal -ша (-şa) -ше (-şe)
postvocalic -ша (-şa) -ше (-şe)

-ше (-şe)

  1. like a X (suffix to form adverbs, denoting similarity or the manner of behaviour.)
    қырғыз (qyrğyz, Kyrgyz) + ‎-ше (-şe) → ‎қырғызша (qyrğyzşa, Kyrgyz-style)
    бала (bala, child) + ‎-ше (-şe) → ‎балаша (balaşa, like a child)
    басқа (basqa, other) + ‎-ше (-şe) → ‎басқаша (basqaşa, differently)
  2. (nominalized adverbs) Names the languages.
    Synonym: ... тілі (... tılı)
    қырғыз (qyrğyz, Kyrgyz) + ‎-ше (-şe) → ‎қырғызша (qyrğyzşa, Kyrgyz language)
    өзбек (özbek, Uzbek) + ‎-ше (-şe) → ‎өзбекше (özbekşe, Uzbek language)
  3. (with -ген (-gen)) until, before
    Мен келгенше, үйде отыр.Men kelgenşe, üide otyr.Stay at home until I come.
    Сабақ біткенше мәселені шешу керек.Sabaq bıtkenşe mäselenı şeşu kerek.The problem must be solved before the lesson ends.
  4. (with -ген (-gen)) instead of
    Ұйықтағанша, кітап оқы.Ūiyqtağanşa, kıtap oqy.Read book instead of sleeping.

Derived terms

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ше (-še) (variants -че / )

  1. -er; used to form the comparative.