-अन

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Hindi

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-European *-onom (verbal noun suffix). Doublet of -ना (-nā).

Suffix

-अन (-an)

  1. forms Sanskritic nouns of either gender indicating agent nouns, abstract nouns, tool or means, or location
    पराग (parāg, pollen) + ‎-अन (-an) → ‎परागण (parāgaṇ, pollination)
    बरतना (baratnā, to make use of) + ‎-अन (-an) → ‎बर्तन (bartan, pot, vessel)
    ऐंठना (a͠iṭhnā, to be twisted) + ‎-अन (-an) → ‎ऐंठन (a͠iṭhan, a twist, tension)
Declension
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـًا (-an), from Arabic ـًا (-an, triptotic indefinite accusative ending).

Suffix

-अन (-an)

  1. forms adverbs from Perso-Arabic terms
    ऐहतियात (aihtiyāt, precaution) + ‎-अन (-an) → ‎ऐहतियातन (aihtiyātan, precautionarily)
Derived terms

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *-onom, from *-o- (thematic vowel) + *-nom (verbal noun suffix). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-aną.

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    -अन (-anan or m

    1. forms masculine agent nouns
      सम् + गम् (sam + gam, to gather) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎संगमन (saṃgamana, gatherer)
      दृप् (dṛp, to become/make proud) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎दर्पण (darpaṇa, mirror < proud-maker)
    2. forms neuter nouns denoting
      1. verbal abstracta
        कृ (kṛ, to do, make) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎करण (karaṇa, (act of) doing)
        मृ (mṛ, to die) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎मरण (maraṇa, death)
      2. tool or means
        ईक्ष् (īkṣ, to observe) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎ईक्षण (īkṣaṇa, eye)
        वस् (vas, to dress) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎वसन (vasana, garment)
        स्कम्भ् (skambh, to support) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎स्कम्भन (skambhana, pillar)
      3. location
        स्था (sthā, to stand) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎स्थान (sthāna, place)
        यज् (yaj, to sacrifice) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎यजन (yajana, sacrificial site)

    Usage notes

    The vowel of the root generally takes the गुण (guṇa) degree, but sometimes takes the वृद्धि (vṛddhi) degree.

    Declension

    Masculine a-stem declension of -अन (-ana)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative -अनः
    -anaḥ
    -अनौ / -अना¹
    -anau / -anā¹
    -अनाः / -अनासः¹
    -anāḥ / -anāsaḥ¹
    Vocative -अन
    -ana
    -अनौ / -अना¹
    -anau / -anā¹
    -अनाः / -अनासः¹
    -anāḥ / -anāsaḥ¹
    Accusative -अनम्
    -anam
    -अनौ / -अना¹
    -anau / -anā¹
    -अनान्
    -anān
    Instrumental -अनेन
    -anena
    -अनाभ्याम्
    -anābhyām
    -अनैः / -अनेभिः¹
    -anaiḥ / -anebhiḥ¹
    Dative -अनाय
    -anāya
    -अनाभ्याम्
    -anābhyām
    -अनेभ्यः
    -anebhyaḥ
    Ablative -अनात्
    -anāt
    -अनाभ्याम्
    -anābhyām
    -अनेभ्यः
    -anebhyaḥ
    Genitive -अनस्य
    -anasya
    -अनयोः
    -anayoḥ
    -अनानाम्
    -anānām
    Locative -अने
    -ane
    -अनयोः
    -anayoḥ
    -अनेषु
    -aneṣu
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic
    Neuter a-stem declension of -अन (-ana)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative -अनम्
    -anam
    -अने
    -ane
    -अनानि / -अना¹
    -anāni / -anā¹
    Vocative -अन
    -ana
    -अने
    -ane
    -अनानि / -अना¹
    -anāni / -anā¹
    Accusative -अनम्
    -anam
    -अने
    -ane
    -अनानि / -अना¹
    -anāni / -anā¹
    Instrumental -अनेन
    -anena
    -अनाभ्याम्
    -anābhyām
    -अनैः / -अनेभिः¹
    -anaiḥ / -anebhiḥ¹
    Dative -अनाय
    -anāya
    -अनाभ्याम्
    -anābhyām
    -अनेभ्यः
    -anebhyaḥ
    Ablative -अनात्
    -anāt
    -अनाभ्याम्
    -anābhyām
    -अनेभ्यः
    -anebhyaḥ
    Genitive -अनस्य
    -anasya
    -अनयोः
    -anayoḥ
    -अनानाम्
    -anānām
    Locative -अने
    -ane
    -अनयोः
    -anayoḥ
    -अनेषु
    -aneṣu
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Prakrit: -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)

    Further reading

    • Wackernagel, Jakob (1896-1964) Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)‎ (in German), volume II.2, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 180-206