-შ

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word -შ. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word -შ, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say -შ in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word -შ you have here. The definition of the word -შ will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of-შ, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.

Laz

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁.

Suffix

-შ • (-ş) (Latin spelling -ş)

  1. genitive case marker
      1. (is added to the nouns)
        მჭიმა მჭიმაჲიზ ღალიში წკარი ლივადიზ მატალენ.
        mç̌ima mç̌imayiz ğalişi ǯǩari livadiz maťalen.
        Creek water (water of creek) floods the garden when it rains.
      2. (is added to the pronoun in the genitive case after the noun)
        ხასანიქ ოხორი-მუშიში ოთვა ეტახუმს.
        xasanik oxori-muşişi otva eťaxums.
        Hasan is breaking the roof of his house from the bottom up.
      1. (is added to nouns)
        1. (part of something)
          ლულუ ჯარიში ელემიკვატი.
          lulu carişi elemiǩvaťi.
          Cut me some soft bread.
        2. (raw material of something)
          ღიძი ნთხირიში დიდო კაჲი ნოსთონჲაჲი ბაქლავა ივენ.
          ğiżi ntxirişi dido ǩayi nostonyayi baklava iven.
          Unripe hazelnuts make very good baklava.
        3. (used with the negative verb in the expression "he doesn't understand anything")
          კოჩიზ ონჯღორეში ვარ-უჩქინ. ფენჯერეშენ გალენდო მენჭკვალს.
          ǩoçiz oncğoreşi var-uçkin. pencereşen galendo menç̌ǩvals.
          The guy has no manners. He's spitting out the window.
      2. (added to the noun clause, part of something)
        ნა-იტტურში ოფშა მიღუნ.
        na-iťťurşi opşa miğun.
        I've got a lot of what you're talking about.
  2. forms nouns from adjectives meaning “the one having such a quality among the same category of things”
    ‎ქჩე (kçe, “white”) + ‎-შ (-ş) → ‎ქჩეში (kçeşi, “the white one”)
    ‎მჭითა (mç̌ita, “red”) + ‎-შ (-ş) → ‎მჭითაში (mç̌itaşi, “the red one”)
    ‎მკულე (mǩule, “short”) + ‎-შ (-ş) → ‎მკულეში (mǩuleşi, “the short one”)
  3. (Vitse–Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) forms adjectives from adjectives meaning “of the variety having more or less such a quality”
    ქჩეში ლუღი
    kçeşi luği
    white fig
    ქჩეში მბული
    kçeşi mbuli
    clear coloured cherry
    ქჩეში ურძენი
    kçeşi urżeni
    white grapes
    მჩხუშ(ი) ტოროჯი
    mçxuş(i) ťoroci
    big variety of wild pigeon
    მჭიფეშ(ი) ტოროჯი
    mç̌ipeş(i) ťoroci
    small variety of wild pigeon
    მჭიფეშ(ი) დულჲა
    mç̌ipeş(i) dulya
    delicate work, subtle work
  4. froms surnames
  5. forms verbal adjectives
    ოლვაში მიღუნ.
    olvaşi miğun.
    I've got somewhere to go.
    ოხვენუში მიღუნ.
    oxvenuşi miğun.
    I've got things to do.

Usage notes

  • The emphasis on the genitive case-suffixed nouns shifts to the syllable before the case suffix.

Descendants

  • → Georgian: -ში (-ši)

Postposition

-შ • (-ş) (Latin spelling -ş)

  1. (Vitse) (clause attached to negative verb)
    ირი-ხოლოზ დუწვი დო მა ვარ-მიწვაში ვარ-ივუ.
    iri-xoloz duǯvi do ma var-miǯvaşi var-ivu.
    It wasn't nice when (s)he told everyone and didn't tell me (it broke my heart, to be honest).
  2. (Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) (clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)
    Synonym: -შა (-şa)
    1. (imperfective + -შ (-ş)); while, when
      აღანი ნოღამისა დიდო ონჯღორჲაჲი რენ. იპარამითამტაში-თი პიჯი ამჭითანენ.
      ağani noğamisa dido oncğoryayi ren. ip̌aramitamťaşi-ti p̌ici amç̌itanen.
      The new bride is very shy. She blushes even when she speaks.
    2. (Akçakoca) (ნა- (na-) + imperfective + -შ (-ş)); due to
      ნოკეფე ხცაფერი ნა-რენში ჭკოდუნ
      noǩepe xʒaperi na-renşi ç̌ǩodun
      The thread breaks because it's rotten.
    3. (perfective + -შ (-ş)); when
      Synonyms: -სის (-sis), -სი (-si), -სუ (-su), -სინი (-sini), -იზ (-iz)
      ჟინ კატიზ გჲურულთი ვანში ბაბაქ თუდელენ ბიგათე ეწონთხამს.
      jin ǩaťiz gyurulti vanşi babak tudelen bigate eǯontxams.
      When they make noise upstairs, my father pokes (the ceiling) with a stick from below.
    4. (Khopa, Chkhala, Akçakoca) (-ერენ (-eren) + -შ (-ş))
      ბერე ღალიშა ხოდოლოლერენში ნანა-მუშიქ მუშლეთინაფს
      bere ğalişa xodololerenşi nana-muşik muşletinaps
      The child falls into the stream and his mother tries to save him.
  3. (Arkabi) (by adding after the quotation preposition ჲა (ya))
    “კოჩი ოილუშე ბიდა” ჲა-ში ირი ჯუმა-მუშიქ დოდგითინამს.
    “ǩoçi oiluşe bida” ya-şi iri cuma-muşik dodgitinams.
    While he was saying, "I should go and shoot him," his brother always managed to stop him.

Further reading

  • Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “-şi/-ş”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ (in Turkish)
  • Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “-şi/-ş”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ (in Turkish)
  • Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “-şi”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ (in Turkish)
  • Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “-şi”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ (in Turkish)
  • Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “-şi”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ (in Turkish)
  • Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “-şi”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ (in Turkish)
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia