-∅

-∅

1. (linguistic morphology) Representation of the zero suffix.

• ∅-

-∅

1. A zero suffix that is the absence of the imperfective suffix -ткы- marks the perfective aspect.

   тысаюткык (тысаю-ткы-к)

   I am drinking tea

   тысаюк (тысаю-Ø-к)

   I drank tea

2. A zero suffix that is the absence of a nominal ending such as -ӈа or -ын.

   вала (вала-Ø)

   "knife"

   ӄылавул (ӄылавулa-Ø)

   "husband"

• ∅-

• Verbal affix: Grammatical sketches from the field with Yukari Nagayama
• Nominal ending: Aspects of the Theory of Morphology By Igor Melčuk

Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n. Cognate with Finnish -n.

-∅ (not represented in writing)

1. A zero suffix.
   1. The genitive singular ending for nominals.

Although the original Proto-Finnic suffix becomes silent due to historic sound changes, formation of genitive case remains unpredictable and depends on declension types, although it always ends in a vowel. These include no addition, additions of vowels or sometimes with consonants, syncope, deletion, and also often involves consonant and vowel length gradation. See more at Appendix:Estonian nominal inflection.

Unmarked.

• IPA^(key): /-/,

-∅ (not represented in writing)

1. A zero suffix.
   1. The nominative singular ending for nominals.
   2. The third-person singular ending for past tense verbs.
   3. The positive degree ending for adjectives.

From Proto-Finnic *-k.

• IPA^(key): /-ˣ/,

-∅ (not represented in writing)

1. The k-lative suffix.

Attached to the weak-grade stem.

From Proto-Finnic *-k, from Proto-Uralic *-k.

• IPA^(key): /-ˣ/, (most moods, dialectally also conditional mood)
• IPA^(key): /-/, (conditional mood)

-∅ (not represented in writing)

1. The second-person singular imperative ending.
2. The connegative ending.

Attached to the weak-grade stem.

Apocope of the final vowel in the nominative singular form.

-∅ (not represented in writing)

1. Alternative form of -e (“deriving personal nouns”)

   Latin catholicus → Katholik (compare Kathole with -e)

See -e.

Apocope of -e (“dative singular ending”).

-∅ (not represented in writing)

1. used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable

   Synonym: (chiefly archaic) -e

   das Haus → dem Haus, (archaic or poetic) dem Hause (but usually with -e in zu Hause and aus dem Hause)

-∅

1. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
   1. third-person singular indefinite form of verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (but not in the subjunctive)
   2. (optionally) a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs
   3. at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)
      1. also with a long stem vowel in some sz-stem verbs (tesz → tégy, vesz → végy, visz → vígy), though the long form is more common for these verbs
   4. (rare) the second-person singular indicative present at the end of certain verbs (van → vagy and dialectally megy → mégy)
   5. the nominative singular form of nouns, adjectives, numerals, (present, past, and future) participles, and pronouns
   6. (optionally) the accusative suffix after first- and second-person possessive suffixes, chiefly in the singular, as well as in engem and téged
   7. the positive degree of adjectives

• ’ (“symbol of omission”)

From the fact that no true third person pronoun existed, so it was not put word-finally like other personal markers such as -в (-v), -ч (-ç), etc.

-∅

1. (predicative) Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’

   Synonym: болх (bolx)

2. (predicative) A third-person singular verbal suffix.

   Эн келнә ― En kelnä ― He/she/it says

Root form of the verb (without the -х (-x) suffix in the dictionary form).

• IPA^(key): /ə/

-∅

1. Indicates the imperative.

   Кел! ― Kel! ― Speak!

Used where -и (-i) would imply the palatalization of с (s) to ш (š) or ц (c) to ч (č).

-∅

1. A zero suffix used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) in loanwords with stems ending in с (s) or ц (c).

   Alternative form: -и (-i)

   Russian ‎фу́нкция (fúnkcija, “function”) + ‎-∅ → ‎Mongolian функц (funkc, “function”)

-∅

1. Indicates the genitive plural of first-declension and neuter second-declension nouns:

   ‎кни́га (kníga, “book”) + ‎-∅ → ‎книг (knig, “…of books”)

   ‎ме́сто (mésto, “place”) + ‎-∅ → ‎мест (mest, “…of places”)

2. Deverbal suffix: (for some verbs)

   ‎выходи́ть (vyxodítʹ, “to exit”) + ‎-∅ → ‎вы́ход (výxod, “exit”)

From Proto-Samic *-ō.

-∅

1. Forms result or action nouns from verbs.

This noun needs an inflection-table template.