-까지

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Korean

Alternative forms

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: skòcáng), from ㅅ (Yale: -s, genitive marker) + ᄀᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: kòcáng, “very, extremely”).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?kkaji
Revised Romanization (translit.)?kkaji
McCune–Reischauer?kkaji
Yale Romanization?kkaci

Particle

까지 • (-kkaji)

  1. (generally) until, till, by (a time), up to
    1. Used to illustrate the extent of a finished action or situation.
      나는 한 시부터 늦게까지 공부했어요.
      naneun han sibuteo neutgekkaji gongbuhaesseoyo.
      I studied from one o’clock until late.
      매리가 부산에서 서울까지 열차로 갔어요.
      Maeriga Busaneseo Seoulkkaji yeolcharo gasseoyo.
      Mary went as far as/to Seoul from Busan by train.
    2. Used to illustrate to what extent an action will continue.
      일년 더 걸려도 서울대에 입학할 때까지 공부하기로 결정했어요.
      illyeon deo geollyeodo Seouldaee iphakhal ttaekkaji gongbuhagiro gyeoljeonghaesseoyo.
      Even if it takes one more year I have decided that I will study until I get into Seoul National University.
    3. Used to illustrate the degree or intensity of a situation.
      존이 동우를 이렇게까지 좋아할 줄 몰랐어요.
      Joni Dong'ureul ireokekkaji joahal jul mollasseoyo.
      I had no idea how much John liked Dongwoo.

Usage notes

Used after nouns, noun phrases, nominalized verbs in 기 (gi): form, as well as adjectives in 게 (ge) form.

See also

References

  • 표준국어대사전 (2008 January 3 (last accessed)) “까지 [kkaji]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, archived from the original on 30 December 2006
  • Daum.net Korean-English Dictionary (2008 January 3 (last accessed)) “까지 [kkaji]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, archived from the original on 4 February 2008
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