-까지

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Korean

Alternative forms

ᄭᆞ지 (kkaji) — Early Modern

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: skòcáng), from ㅅ (Yale: -s, genitive marker) + ᄀᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: kòcáng, “very, extremely”).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
Phonetic hangul:

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	kkaji
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	kkaji
McCune–Reischauer^?	kkaji
Yale Romanization^?	kkaci

Particle

까지 • (-kkaji)

(generally) until, till, by (a time), up to
1. Used to illustrate the extent of a finished action or situation.
  나는 한 시부터 늦게까지 공부했어요.
  naneun han sibuteo neutgekkaji gongbuhaesseoyo.
  I studied from one o’clock until late.
  
  매리가 부산에서 서울까지 열차로 갔어요.
  Maeriga Busaneseo Seoulkkaji yeolcharo gasseoyo.
  Mary went as far as/to Seoul from Busan by train.
2. Used to illustrate to what extent an action will continue.
  일년 더 걸려도 서울대에 입학할 때까지 공부하기로 결정했어요.
  illyeon deo geollyeodo Seouldaee iphakhal ttaekkaji gongbuhagiro gyeoljeonghaesseoyo.
  Even if it takes one more year I have decided that I will study until I get into Seoul National University.
3. Used to illustrate the degree or intensity of a situation.
  존이 동우를 이렇게까지 좋아할 줄 몰랐어요.
  Joni Dong'ureul ireokekkaji joahal jul mollasseoyo.
  I had no idea how much John liked Dongwoo.

Usage notes

Used after nouns, noun phrases, nominalized verbs in 기 (gi): form, as well as adjectives in 게 (ge) form.

See also

부터 (buteo): from (a time)
에서 (eseo): from (a place)

References

표준국어대사전 (2008 January 3 (last accessed)) “까지 [kkaji]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, archived from the original on 30 December 2006
Daum.net Korean-English Dictionary (2008 January 3 (last accessed)) “까지 [kkaji]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, archived from the original on 4 February 2008

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