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-다, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-다 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Jeju
Etymology
Cognate to Korean 다 (-da)
Pronunciation
Romanizations |
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Revised Romanization? | -da |
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Revised Romanization (translit.)? | da |
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Yale Romanization? | ta |
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Suffix
다 (-da)
- (formal) a plain style declarative suffix
- 도새기것 먹엇다. ― Dosaegi-geot meogeot-da. ― The pig ate the fodder.
Synonyms
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Korean 다〮 (Yale: -tá), from Old Korean 如 (*-ta). First uncontroversially attested in 695 C.E.
Suffix
다 • (-da)
- In the plain style, the sentence-final declarative mood suffix.
- 맛있겠다. ― Masitgetda. ― It looks delicious.
- 우리가 이겼다. ― Uri-ga igyeotda. ― We won.
- 길이 멀다. ― Gir-i meolda. ― The way is far.
- 양궁 선수가 활을 쏜다. ― Yanggung seonsu-ga hwar-eul ssonda. ― The archery athlete shoots her bow.
- 어머니가 아기를 업는다. ― Eomeoni-ga agi-reul eomneunda. ― The mother carries her baby on her back.
- Used to form the dictionary citation form of verbs and adjectives; note that Korean verbs and adjectives are never lemmatized at the infinitive.
Alternative forms
- 라 (-ra) (after certain suffixes, and in indirect quotes after the copulas; see the linked entry for more)
Derived terms
- 는다 (-neunda)
- 다고 (-dago)
- 다니 (-dani)
- 대 (-dae)
- 습니다 (-seumnida)
Etymology 2
The contraction may be first attested only in the early twentieth century, such as in the 1922 literary journal Baekjo.
Particle
다 • (-da)
- Contraction of 다가 (-daga, emphatic marker).
Etymology 3
From Middle Korean 다 (Yale: -tà); see the main entry for more.
Suffix
다 • (-da)
- Alternative form of 다가 (-daga, “and then; but soon”, conveys one action halting and another beginning).
References
- ^ 이병기 (Yi Byeong-gi) (2019), “고대국어 종결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [The current situation and future tasks in the study of Old Korean sentence enders]”, in Gugyeol yeon'gu, volume 43, pages 5—53
- ^ 전후민 (Jeon Hu-min) (2014), “{다가}의 변천사 [The history of taka]”, in Urimalgeul, volume 63, pages 29—68
Middle Korean
Etymology
From Old Korean 如 (*-ta).
Pronunciation
Suffix
다〮 (tá)
- declarative mood sentence-final verbal suffix
orig. 14th century?, “西京別曲 / 서경별곡 (Seogyeong byeolgok)”, in 樂章歌詞 / 악장가사 (Akjang Gasa):아즐가 괴시란ᄃᆡ 우러곰 좃니노ᅌᅵ다- aculka kwoysilantoy wulekwom cwosninwongita
- If you only loved me, I would chase after you as I wept
1586, Widow of Yi Eung-tae, Letter excavated from the grave of Yi Eung-tae:나ᄂᆞᆫ ᄭᅮ믈 자내 보려 믿고 인뇌이다- na-non skwum-ul canay pwolye mitkwo innwoyita
- I'm trusting that I'll see you in my dreams.
Alternative forms
Surfaces as the lenited allomorph 라〮 (-lá) after the following:
- The copula 이 (-i-) and suffixes derived from it:
- The durative aspect suffix 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니〮 (-úní/óní)
- The prospective aspect suffix 으〮리〮/ᄋᆞ〮리〮 (-úlí/ólí)
- The retrospective mood suffix 더〮 (Yale: -té-)
- The emphatic suffix 과〮 (Yale: -kwá-)
- The modulator suffix 오〮 (Yale: -wó-) or 우〮 (Yale: -wú-)
See also
Middle Korean sentence enders
|
Form |
Mood |
Notes |
Applied to 셔 (sye-, “to stand”)
|
|
다〮 (-tá) 라〮 (-lá) |
Declarative |
Unmarked |
셔다〮 (Yale: syètá)
|
마〮 (-má) |
Promissive |
셔우〮마〮 (Yale: syèwúmá)
|
ㄴ (-n) |
다〮 (-tá) |
Interrogative |
Realis |
Obligatory for second-person (2P) subject |
션다〮 (Yale: syèntá)
|
가〮 (-ka) |
Polar question, non-2P subject |
션가〮 (Yale: syènká)
|
고〮 (-kwo) |
Wh-word question, non-2P subject |
션고〮 (Yale: syènkwó)
|
ㅭ (-lq) |
다〮 (-tá) |
Irrealis |
Obligatory for 2P subject |
셜따〮 (Yale: syèlttá)
|
가〮 (-ká) |
Polar question, non-2P subject |
셜까〮 (Yale: syèlkká)
|
고〮 (-kwó) |
Wh-word question, non-2P subject |
셜꼬〮 (Yale: syèlkkwó)
|
니〮 (-ní) |
|
아〮 (-Gá) |
Realis |
Non-honorific |
Polar question |
셔니〮아〮 (Yale: syèníGá), 셔녀〮 (Yale: syènyé)
|
오〮 (-Gwó) |
Non-polar question |
셔니〮오〮 (Yale: syèníGwó), 셔뇨〮 (Yale: syènywó)
|
ㅅ (-s) |
가〮 (-ká) |
Deferential |
No polarity distinction |
셔닛〮가〮 (Yale: syèníská)
|
ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngì-s) |
Highly deferential |
셔니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèníngìská)
|
리〮 (-lí) |
|
아〮 (-Gá) |
Irrealis |
Non-honorific |
Polar question |
셔리〮아〮 (Yale: syèlíGá), 셔려〮 (Yale: syèlyé)
|
오〮 (-Gwó) |
Non-polar question |
셔리〮오〮 (Yale: syèlíGwó), 셔료〮 (Yale: syèlywó)
|
ㅅ (-s) |
가〮 (-ká) |
Deferential |
No polarity distinction |
셔릿〮가〮 (Yale: syèlíská)
|
ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngì-s) |
Highly deferentiall |
셔리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèlíngìská)
|
|
라〮 (-lá) |
Imperative |
Ordering |
Non-honorific |
셔라〮 (Yale: syèlá)
|
아〮쎠〮 (-ássyé) 어〮쎠〮 (-éssyé) |
Deferential |
셔〮쎠〮 (Yale: syéssyé)
|
쇼〮셔〮 (-syósyé) |
Highly deferential |
셔쇼〮셔〮 (Yale: syèsyósyé)
|
고〮 (-kwó) 오〮 (-Gwó) |
라〮 (-lá) |
Requesting |
Non-honorific |
셔고〮라〮 (Yale: syèkwólá)
|
려〮 (-lyé) |
Deferential |
셔고〮려〮 (Yale: syèkwólyé)
|
ᅌᅵ (-ngì) |
다〮 (-tá) |
Highly deferential |
셔고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèkwóngìtá)
|
|
져〮 (-cyé) |
Propositive |
Plain |
셔져〮 (Yale: syècyé)
|
사〮 (-sá) |
ᅌᅵ (-ngì) |
다〮 (-tá) |
Deferential |
셔사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèsángìtá)
|
ㄴ (-n) |
뎌〮 (-tyé) |
Exclamatory |
Self-honoring |
션뎌〮 (Yale: syèntyé)
|
ㅭ (-lq) |
셔〮 (-syé) |
셜쎠〮 (Yale: syèlssyé)
|
고〮나〮 (-kwóná) |
Only sixteenth century |
셔고〮나〮 (Yale: syèkwóná)
|
Based on 나찬연 2020, 중세 국어의 이해; Lee and Ramsey 2011, History of the Korean Language. Morphological segmentation of the verbal paradigm sometimes differs between analyses. The list is not exhaustive.
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