-으니

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Korean

Alternative forms

  • 니 (-ni) — after vowels and ㄹ (l), for all suffixes below

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?euni
Revised Romanization (translit.)?euni
McCune–Reischauer?ŭni
Yale Romanization?uni

Etymology 1

From Middle Korean 으〮니〮/ᄋᆞ〮니〮 (Yale: -úní/óní), from Old Korean 隱 (*-un, realis gerund marker) + 是 (*-i, either the nominative case marker or a semantically light noun).[1] Compare 으리 (-euri).

Suffix

으니 • (-euni)

  1. because, since, as; used to convey a cause, a proof, or a premise.
    Synonym: 으니까 (-eunikka)
    워낙 배가 고팠다 보니 무엇을 먹어도 맛있었다.
    Wonak bae-ga gopatda bo-ni mueos-eul meogeodo masisseotda.
    Everything tasted good since I was so hungry.
    시절이 하 수상하니 어찌 될지 몰라라.
    Sijeor-i ha susangha-ni eojji doelji mollara.
    As the times are so treacherous, I do not know how things will end up.
  2. as; used to convey a relevant fact, such an immediately antecedent action which enables the subsequent clause.
    Synonym: 으니까 (-eunikka)
    바닷가에 다다르니 하늘이 노을에 물들던 참이었다.
    Badatga-e dadareu-ni haneur-i no'eur-e muldeuldeon cham-ieotda.
    When we arrived at the seashore, the sky was starting to glow with the sunset.
Usage notes
  • In spoken language, the emphatic form 으니까 (-eunikka) is usually used.
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

으니... 으니 • (-euni... -euni)

  1. Alternative form of 느니 (-neuni); see Usage notes in that entry.

Etymology 3

Suffix

으니 • (-euni)

  1. Alternative form of 느니 (-neuni); see Usage notes in that entry.

References

  1. ^ 김지오 (Kim Ji-o) (2019) “고대국어 연결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [godaegugeo yeon'gyeoreomi yeon'guui hyeonhwanggwa gwaje, The conditions and future tasks of analyzing connective endings in Old Korean]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, pages 55–87
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