From Proto-Athabaskan *tʼe (“to be thus”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna ntʼae (“it is”), neltʼeʼ (“there are many”), Chipewyan bénɛłtʼɛ (“you're like him”).
-TʼEʼ
1. to be
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∅ | adjectival |
S is thus |
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| l | adjectival |
S is a certain number |
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| ł | adjectival |
S is similar, is like |
2. Various meanings depending on thematic prefix
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hashtʼe + ∅ |
S is calm or ready |
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| P + ni + ł |
S causes P to lose everything |
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| shó + ∅ |
S is acquired |
S acquires O |
| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOM | -tʼeeh | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeeł | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh |
| NEUT | -tʼé | - | - | - | - |
| ABS | -tʼé | - | - | - | - |
| COMP | -tʼeʼ | - | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼEʼ (be)
From Proto-Athabaskan *tʼə̓qʼ (“animate or stick-like object moves”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna tiiłtʼak (“I threw it away (a stick)”), Koyukon kʼəltʼəx (“to hit something with a stick”).
Also occurs in Navajo along with hi-seriative in a motion theme related to hopping (literally, to “throw” oneself successively).
-TʼEʼ
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O + ł | motion |
S propels SSO/AnO
|
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| O + ł | successive |
S hits SSO/AnO (against P)
|
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| hi + d | motion |
S hops |
| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOM | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeeł | -tʼeeh | -tʼeʼ |
| CONT | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeeł | -tʼeeh | -tʼeʼ |
| REP | -tʼeeh | - | - | - | - |
| SEM | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
AnO verbs:
SSO verbs:
to hop: