From Proto-Athabaskan *zəd (“a single object undergoes cyclical process”). Found across all Athabaskan languages in a wide range of disparate themes.
-ZID
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(di) + ∅ | motion |
a month passes
|
S earns (money) per month |
2. to gather awareness: to wake up, to inspect
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
chʼí + ná + d | ? |
S wakes up
|
S wakes O up |
||||
ha + O + ł | ? |
|
|||||
ł | ? |
|
3. to treat with respect, handle carefully
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∅ | ? |
S handles O with care
|
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -zííd | -zid | -ził | -ziʼ | -zííd |
CONT | -ziid | — | — | — | — |
NEUT | — | -zid | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZID (month passes)