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Chuukese
Suffix
-ach
- (added to possessive nouns) our (inclusive)
Related terms
Chuukese possessive determiners
Irish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.
Alternative forms
Suffix
-ach m
- Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
- Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)
- Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)
- Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
- bunús (“basis”) + -ach → bunúsach (“basic”)
- fearg (“anger”) + -ach → feargach (“angry”)
- Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish”)
- Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English”)
Declension
For nouns:
For adjectives:
|
Singular
|
Plural (m/f)
|
Positive
|
Masculine
|
Feminine
|
(strong noun)
|
(weak noun)
|
Nominative
|
-ach
|
-ach
|
-acha
|
Vocative
|
-aigh
|
-acha
|
Genitive
|
-aí
|
-acha
|
-ach
|
Dative
|
-ach
|
-ach; -aigh (archaic)
|
-acha
|
Comparative
|
níos -aí
|
Superlative
|
is -aí
|
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.
Suffix
-ach
- forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns
Middle Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ach
- Forms adjectives meaning "related to, having, characterised by, prone to".
- Forms nouns meaning "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having".
Usage notes
After a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes -ech.
Derived terms
Descendants
Middle Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.
Suffix
-ach
- forms a comparative adjective
Derived terms
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.
Compare Latin -ācus, -icus.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ach
- Forms adjectives meaning "related to, having, characterised by, prone to".
- Forms nouns meaning "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having".
Usage notes
After a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes -ech.
Inflection
Adjective:
o/ā-stem
|
Singular
|
Masculine
|
Feminine
|
Neuter
|
Nominative
|
-ach
|
-ach
|
-ach
|
Vocative
|
-aig* -ach**
|
Accusative
|
-ach
|
-aig
|
Genitive
|
-aig
|
-aige
|
-aig
|
Dative
|
-uch
|
-aig
|
-uch
|
Plural
|
Masculine
|
Feminine/neuter
|
Nominative
|
-aig
|
-acha
|
Vocative
|
-achu -acha†
|
Accusative
|
-achu -acha†
|
Genitive
|
-ach
|
Dative
|
-achaib
|
Notes
|
*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized
|
Noun:
Masculine o-stem
|
|
Singular
|
Dual
|
Plural
|
Nominative
|
-ach
|
-achL
|
-aigL
|
Vocative
|
-aig
|
-achL
|
-achuH
|
Accusative
|
-achN
|
-achL
|
-achuH
|
Genitive
|
-aigL
|
-ach
|
-achN
|
Dative
|
-uchL
|
-achaib
|
-achaib
|
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
|
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -ag.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ach (plural -aich or -aichean)
- Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
Derived terms
Welsh
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Welsh -ach, from Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.
Suffix
-ach
- Forms a comparative adjective.
- ifanc (“young”) + -ach → ifancach (“younger”)
- pwysig (“important”) + -ach → pwysicach (“more important”)
- tlawd (“poor”) + -ach → tlotach (“poorer”)
Usage notes
Triggers fortition of the final consonant of the adjectival stem.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Suffix
-ach
- pejorative suffix
- cor (“dwarf”) + -ach → corrach (“dwarf, gnome”)
- cawl (“soup”) + -ach → cawlach (“mess, hotchpotch”)
- dillad (“clothes”) + -ach → dilladach (“old clothes, worthless clothing”)
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Suffix
-ach f
- suffix forming abstract nouns and some verbnouns
- cyfrin (“privy, cryptic”) + -ach → cyfrinach (“secret”)
- cyfaill (“friend”) + -ach → cyfeillach (“fellowship, companionship”)
- clinc (“clink, tinkle”) + tarddu (“emerge, erupt”) + -ach → clindarddarch (“crackling; to crackle”)
Derived terms
References
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ach”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies