-as

Albanian

Etymology

Variant of -at, seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat, Bushat. The and are both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. An Illyrian derivation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as/

Suffix

-as m (-as m)

1. used to form toponyms. -ian

References

Cornish

Suffix

-as (plural -asow)

1. -ful

Derived terms

Esperanto

Etymology

The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as in amat (“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitive amāre, permitting the natural (for a European) -ant ending. i could come from past tense in Latin ami, amisti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: as

Suffix

-as

1. ending of the present tense in verbs.

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-as, a variant of *-s (adjective-forming suffix), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-s.

Suffix

-as (front vowel harmony variant -äs, linguistic notation -As)

1. Forms some adjectives.
2. Forms some nouns.

Declension

Derived terms

Anagrams

• sa

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -ɒʃ

Suffix

-as

2. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to as ornative.

   ‎haj (“hair”) + ‎-as → ‎hajas (“covered with hair”)

4. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.

   ‎fazék (“pot”) + ‎-as → ‎fazekas (“potter”)

6. (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.

   ‎három (“three”) + ‎-as → ‎hármas (“the digit or figure 3”)

Usage notes

• (all senses) Variants:

  -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -as is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -es is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Derived terms

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto -as, Latin -ās, French -es, Spanish -as.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as/

Suffix

-as

1. desinence of the present tense in verbs

See also

• -is
• -os
• -ar
• -ir
• -or

Irish

Alternative forms

• -eas (after palatal consonants)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   Synonym: -achas

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

-as

1. Relative ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense
2. Synthetic first person singular ending if first conjugation verbs in the past tense

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /aːs/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /as/,

Etymology 1

By syncope, from the earlier form -ātis.

Suffix

-ās

1. Used to form gentilic adjectives with the meaning "of/from" a country or place.

Usage notes

In an exception to the usual Latin stress rule, Latin words ending in this suffix were generally stressed on the final syllable of their nominative singular forms in -ās because of the aforementioned syncope.

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

A declined form of -us (suffix forming adjectives).

Suffix

-ās

1. accusative feminine plural of -us

Etymology 3

From Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési.

Suffix

-ās

1. second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)

Descendants

Etymology 4

A declined form of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).

Suffix

-ās m

1. accusative plural of -a

Descendants

• Catalan: -es
• French: -es
• Italian: -e
• Galician: -as
• Portuguese: -as
• Portuguese: -e
• Spanish: -as

Lithuanian

Suffix

-as m

1. nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.
2. nominal suffix (ending) which indicates a demonym.

   ‎Rusija (“Russia”) + ‎-as → ‎rusas (“Russian (person)”)

Derived terms

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-as

1. Alternative form of -yssh

References

• “-ish, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 June 2018.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-as

1. Alternative form of -esse

References

• “-esse, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 June 2018.

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *-ës. Cognate of Finnish -e, Estonian -e.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈ-as/

Suffix

-as

1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.

   ‎vuoidat (“to smear”) + ‎-as → ‎vuoiddas (“ointment”)

Usage notes

• This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.

Inflection

Derived terms

Old English

Etymology

Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost -n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin to Saterland Frisian -s, West Frisian -s, Old Saxon -os (Low German -s), Dutch -s, Swedish -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑs/

Suffix

-as

1. Plural ending of nominative and accusative cases, originally of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns.

Descendants

• Middle English: -æs, -es, -s
  • English: -es, -s (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: -is, -es, -s

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ās.

Suffix

-as

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar

   ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“ love”)

   ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“ sing”)

Descendants

• Galician: -as
• Portuguese: -as

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• -es (after palatal consonants)
• -us

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   ‎óclach (“young man”) + ‎-as → ‎óclachas (“youth”)

   ‎muinter (“family”) + ‎-as → ‎muinteras (“familiarity”)

Derived terms

Descendants

References

• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 261

Polish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: as
• Homophone: as

Suffix

-as m pers

1. masculine noun suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -as, from Latin -ās. Compare Galician and Spanish -as.

Suffix

-as

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar

   ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“ love”)

   ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“ sing”)

See also

• -es

Etymology 2

Suffix

-as

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er

   ‎correr (“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎corras (“that you run”)

2. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ir

See also

• -es

Spanish

Etymology 1

From Latin -ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

Suffix

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar.

Etymology 2

From Latin -eās, Latin -ās, and Latin -iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

Suffix

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er verbs and -ir verbs

See also

• -es

Swedish

Suffix

-as

1. Alternative form of -s (“adverbial suffix”)

Derived terms

References

• påsk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• sa

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as/

Etymology 1

Suffix

-as f

1. Forms abstract nouns.

   ‎teyrn (“monarch, king”) + ‎-as → ‎teyrnas (“kingdom”)

   ‎bardd (“poet”) + ‎-as → ‎barddas (“poetry”)

   ‎urdd (“order, guild”) + ‎-as → ‎urddas (“honour, dignity”)

Etymology 2

Cognate with Cornish -as.

Suffix

-as

1. (South Wales) (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person singular preterite

   Synonyms: -odd, -ws

Derived terms

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies