. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
English
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (in verbs, past participles, and some denominal adjectives):
- (after a vowel or a voiced consonant other than a /d/) enPR: d, IPA(key): /d/
- (after a voiceless consonant other than a /t/) enPR: t, IPA(key): /t/
- (after a /d/ or /t/) same as below
- (other denominal adjectives):
Etymology 1
From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ede (“-ed”, first person singular past indicative ending), Swedish -ade (“-ed”), Icelandic -aði (“-ed”).
Suffix
-ed
- Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
- point + -ed → pointed
He pointed at the dog.
Translations
past tense
- Dzongkha: ཅི (ci)
- Esperanto: -is (eo)
- Hungarian: -t/-tt/-ott/-ett/-ött
- Japanese: -た (-ta)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: -a (no), -et (no), -te, -de, -dd, -tt, -tø, -øt, -øyt
- Nynorsk: -a, -te, -de, -dd, -tt, -aut
- Persian: ـده (fa) (-de), ـد (fa) (-d), ـته (fa) (-te), ـت (fa) (-t)
- Polish: -ł
- Russian: -л (ru) m (-l), -ла (ru) f (-la), -ло (ru) n (-lo), -ли (ru) pl (-li)
- Spanish: -ado (es)
- Swedish: -de (sv), -t (sv)
- Ukrainian: -в m (-v), -ла f (-la), -ло n (-lo), -ли pl (-ly)
|
Etymology 2
From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (class 2 weak past participle), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz.
Suffix
-ed
- Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.
- point + -ed → pointed
He has pointed at the dog.
Etymology 3
From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Cognate with Latin -ātus (whence also a doublet -ate).
Suffix
-ed
- Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
- Antonym: -less
- point + -ed → pointed
- horn + -ed → horned
- hoof + -ed → hooved
- As an extension of the above, used to form possessional adjectives from adjective-noun pairs.
- red + hair + -ed → red-haired
- left + hand + -ed → left-handed
- two + prong(s) + -ed → two-pronged
Derived terms
Translations
having an object of a particular quality
See also
Anagrams
Breton
Etymology
Cognate to Cornish -es.
Suffix
-ed
- Suffix denoting plural of certain nouns
- kazhez (“female cat”) + -ed → kazhezed (“female cats”)
Derived terms
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (possessive suffix).
Suffix
-ed
- (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular, single possession)
- kert (“garden”) + -ed → kerted (“your (singular, informal) garden”)
- Megbízol engem a kerted gondozásával? ― Will you entrust me with the care of your garden?
Usage notes
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
Etymology 2
From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (personal suffix).
Suffix
-ed
- (personal suffix) Forms the definite second-person singular indicative present of verbs.
- fest (“to paint”) + -ed → fested (“you paint , you are painting ”)
- Mikor fested a kerítést? ― When do you paint the fence?
Usage notes
- (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the table below.
Present tense definite – personal endings
Etymology 3
From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (fraction-forming and verb-forming suffix).
Suffix
-ed
- (fraction-forming suffix) -th (added to a cardinal number to form a fraction)
- ezer (“thousand”) + -ed → ezred (“thousandth”)
- (frequentative verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem to form a verb to indicate repetitive action. No longer productive.
- szenved (“to suffer”)
Usage notes
- (fraction-forming suffix) Variants:
- -d is added to words ending in a vowel
- -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -od is added to some other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ed is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öd is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- (frequentative suffix) Variants:
- -d is found only in a few words as an obscured suffix
- mond (“to say, tell”), kezd (“to begin”)
- -od is added to back-vowel words
- tapod (“to tread on something”)
- -ad is added to back-vowel words
- -ed is added to unrounded front-vowel words
- szenved (“to suffer”)
- -öd is added to rounded front-vowel words
- bököd (“to repeatedly poke at something”)
Derived terms
See also
Ido
Etymology
From French -ée, Italian -ata, Spanish -ada, ultimately from Latin -atus.
Suffix
-ed
- contents of, -ful.
- manuo (“hand”) + -ed → manuedo (“handful”)
Derived terms
Category Ido terms suffixed with -ed not found
Middle English
Suffix
-ed
- Alternative form of -hede
Old English
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- formed into the likeness of, made into, shaped like, having the qualities of
- æppel (“apple”) + -ed → æppled (“apple-shaped”)
Old Irish
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- slender form of -ad
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin -ēte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of second conjugation verbs).
Suffix
-ed
- used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -er verbs
- comer (“to eat”) + -ed → ¡Comed! (“Eat!”)
Swedish
Suffix
-ed c
- (place-names) path between or along water
- Synonym: -eda
See also
Welsh
Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic *-hed, from Proto-Celtic *-isetos.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- Forms an equative of an adjective of one or two syllables.
- gwan (“weak”) + -ed → gwanned (“as weak”)
- rhad (“cheap”) + -ed → rhated (“as cheap”)
- cynt (“faster, earlier, sooner”) + -ed → cynted (“as fast, as early, as soon”)
Usage notes
Causes fortition of final voiced consonant of adjectival roots.
Etymology 2
Reduced form of -fed. Cognate with Cornish -es.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- Used to form the ordinal forms of five and six.
- Synonyms: -edd, -fed, -ydd
- pump (“five”) + -ed → pumed (“fifth”)
- chwech (“six”) + -ed → chweched (“sixth”)
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- Used to form verbal nouns.
- cerdd- (“to walk”, stem) + -ed → cerdded (“to walk”, verbal noun)
Etymology 4
Cognate with Cornish -es.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- Used to form nouns.
- colli (“to lose”) + -ed → colled (“loss”)
- sych (“dry”) + -ed → syched (“thirst”)
- cymuno (“to take communion, to communicate”) + -ed → cymuned (“community”)
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- Used to form plural nouns.
- Synonyms: -aid, -aint, -au, -edd, -en, -i, -iadau, -iaid, -iau, -ion, -od, -oedd, -on, -ydd, -yr, -ys
- pryf (“bug, insect”) + -ed → pryfed (“bugs, insects”)
- merch (“girl”) + -ed → merched (“girls”)
Usage notes
-ed is only used in the above two plural forms in Modern Welsh.
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- (literary) verb suffix for the third-person singular imperative
Etymology 7
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- (literary) verb suffix for the third-person singular imperative
- Synonyms: -pwyd, -wyd
Usage notes
- Rare in Modern Welsh with a few verbs creating an alternative secondary form.
- ganwyd, ganed ― was born, one bore
- trowyd, troed ― was turned, one turned
- cafwyd, caed ― was had, one had
- daethpwyd, deuwyd, doed ― one came
Derived terms
References
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ed”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies