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in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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English
Etymology
From Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis and, less often, Late Latin -iscus. Generally used in place of more common equivalent suffixes such as -er and -an on the model of equivalent terms in Italian and Portuguese, particularly for Italian, Portuguese African, and East Asian places first widely discussed in Portuguese and Latin.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /iːz/
- (US) IPA(key): /iz/; (nonstandard, rare, possibly archaic) /is/
Suffix
-ese
- Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people.
- Viennese waltz (sausage, etc), Maltese falcon, Chinese, Togolese, Beninese, Congolese, Milanese, Parmese, Japanese, Faroese, Portuguese, Vietnamese
- Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context.
- Synonym: -speak
- journal + -ese → journalese
- legal + -ese → legalese
- translation + -ese → translationese
Usage notes
Generally speaking, nouns formed with the suffix -ese have no distinct plural form (two Viennese) and, with the definite article, are plural and refer to an entire group (the Ravennese). They are also generally not used in the singular, as in "I am a Chinese"; instead, phrases like "I am a Chinese person" are used. (In some British dialects, "a Chinese" can be used, but to refer to a Chinese meal, rather than a person.) This is not always the case, particularly for speakers from East Asia who use it to translate demonyms such as 日本人 and 中国人, but such countable uses may have nonstandard meanings.
Derived terms
Translations
Note: these translations are a guide only. For more precise translations, see individual words ending in -ese.
See also
References
- ^ See e.g.
“Annamese”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. / “Annamese”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. / “Annamese”, in Collins English Dictionary. / “Annamese”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.,
“Chinese”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. / “Chinese”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. / “Chinese”, in Collins English Dictionary. / “Chinese”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.,
“legalese”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. / “legalese”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.,
“Viennese”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. / “Viennese”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. / “Viennese”, in Collins English Dictionary. / “Viennese”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC., etc.
Anagrams
German
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ese m (weak, genitive -esen, plural -esen)
- Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place.
Usage notes
As in English, -ese is generally only used to form words on the model of Italian and Portuguese terms, with particular use in Italy, Portuguese Africa, and East Asia. Unlike English, the German terms only function as demonyms that can easily be discussed in the singular and many such terms are now obsolete, having been replaced by equivalents using -er.
Declension
Derived terms
Interlingua
Etymology
Borrowed from English -an, French -ain, Italian -ano, Portuguese -ano/Spanish -ano, all ultimately from Latin -ānus.
Pronunciation
Suffix
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- forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a native, citizen or inhabitant; -ese
- Synonyms: (noun) -ano, -ana, -ita, (adjective) -an
- China (“China”) + -ese → chinese (“Chinese”)
- Geneva (“Geneva”) + -ese → genevese (“Genevese”)
- Francia (“France”) + -ese → francese (“French”)
- forms nouns and adjectives from nouns, denoting or pertaining to a language; -ese
- Synonyms: (noun) -ano, (adjective) -an
- China (“China”) + -ese → chinese (“Chinese”)
- Brooklyn (“Brooklyn”) + -ese → brooklynese (“Brooklynese, Brooklyn dialect”)
Derived terms
References
- Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN
Italian
Etymology
Inherited from Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”), whence also Italian -ense.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈe.ze/, (traditional) /ˈe.se/
- Rhymes: -eze, (traditional) -ese
- Hyphenation: -é‧se
Suffix
-ese m
- -ese (both senses); -er
- Libano (“Lebanon”) + -ese → libanese (“Lebanese”)
- Cina (“China”) + -ese → cinese (“Chinese”)
- sinistra (“left”) + -ese → sinistrese (“left-wing political jargon”)
- giornalista (“journalist”) + -ese → giornalistese (“journalese”)
Derived terms
Related terms