-esz

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See also: ész and -ész

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Suffix

-esz

  1. (personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎fest (“to paint”) + ‎-esz → ‎festesz (“you paint, you are painting”)
  2. (nominal-forming suffix) Forms nouns and adjectives from verb or nouns.
    eresz (“eaves”)
  3. (diminutive suffix, slang) Forms diminutives.
    ‎kollégium (“dormitory”) + ‎-esz → ‎kolesz
    ‎pulóver (“pullover”) + ‎-esz → ‎pulesz
    ‎Károly (“Charles”) + ‎-esz → ‎Karesz
    ‎vagány (“cool”) + ‎-esz → ‎vagesz
  4. (music) flat (♭), lowered by one semitone (e.g. desz, esz, gesz)
    Antonym: (for sharp (♯) notes) -isz

Usage notes

    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
Person Back
    vowel     		Front vowel
unrounded   rounded  
én 1st person singular -ok -ek -ök
-ik verbs (optional) -om -em -öm
te 2nd person singular -sz
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -asz -esz
after s, sz, z, dz -ol -el -öl
ő
maga
ön 		3rd person singular –
-ik verbs -ik
mi 1st person plural -unk -ünk
ti 2nd person plural -tok -tek -tök
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -otok -etek -ötök
ők
maguk
önök 		3rd person plural -nak -nek
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -anak -enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and
second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below
    ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-sz → ‎vársz (“you wait, you are waiting”)
    -asz added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    ‎hall (“to hear”) + ‎-asz → ‎hallasz (“you hear, you are hearing”)
    ‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-asz → ‎tanítasz (“you teach, you are teaching”)
    -esz added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    ‎dönt (“to decide”) + ‎-esz → ‎döntesz (“you decide, you are deciding”)
    ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-esz → ‎segítesz (“you help, you are helping”)
    -ol added to back-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-ol → ‎olvasol (“you read, you are reading”)
    -el added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    ‎vesz (“to buy”) + ‎-el → ‎veszel (“you buy, you are buying”)
    -öl added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    ‎főz (“to cook”) + ‎-öl → ‎főzöl (“you cook, you are cooking”)
  • (nominal-forming suffix) Variants:
    -asz added to back vowel words
    -esz added to front vowel words
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