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-iainen. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
-iainen, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-iainen in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Finnish
Etymology
-ja + -inen. The suffix is spelled inconsistently as either -iainen or -jainen depending on the root word.
Details
- -jainen is the original form of the suffix, while the former contains a preceding -i- (including those that derive from an underlying -e-), with the -j- not spelled as a result. In the past, a similar kind of vacillation occurred in the spelling of -ja derivatives, although they eventually settled into a spelling in which the -j- was always spelled (tulija, pro tulia). However, that development did not extend to this suffix, as its origin had by then been forgotten.
- A regular derivative of many verbs would have a long vowel, as it is part of the stem; thus, avajaiset should more correctly be *avaajaiset. The shortening may be by analogy.
- The use of the suffix in diminutive, often vulgar, nouns, such as those for insects, appears to follow the example of ampiainen, tuuliainen, but -ias may have also served as an inspiration.
Suffix
-iainen (front vowel harmony variant -iäinen, linguistic notation -iAinen)
- Forms certain nouns.
- tulla (“to come”) + -iainen → tuliainen (“souvenir”)
- (in the plural) Forms names of ceremonies from verbs or nouns.
- avata (“to open”) + -iainen → avajaiset (“opening”)
- haudata (“to bury”) + -iainen → hautajaiset (“funeral”)
- fuksi (“university freshman”) + -iainen → fuksiaiset (“initiation ritual event in a university”)
- Forms certain nouns, particularly vulgar nouns or names of insects.
- paska (“shit”) + -iainen → paskiainen (“bastard, asshole”)
- muta (“mud”) + -iainen → mutiainen (“dark-skinned person”)
- kuori (“crust”) + -iainen → kuoriainen (“beetle”)
- ripsi (“cilium”) + -iainen → ripsiäinen (“thrips”)
Declension
| Inflection of -iainen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation)
|
| nominative
|
-iainen
|
-iaiset
|
| genitive
|
-iaisen
|
-iaisten
-iaisien
|
| partitive
|
-iaista
|
-iaisia
|
| illative
|
-iaiseen
|
-iaisiin
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-iainen
|
-iaiset
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-iainen
|
-iaiset
|
| gen.
|
-iaisen
|
| genitive
|
-iaisen
|
-iaisten
-iaisien
|
| partitive
|
-iaista
|
-iaisia
|
| inessive
|
-iaisessa
|
-iaisissa
|
| elative
|
-iaisesta
|
-iaisista
|
| illative
|
-iaiseen
|
-iaisiin
|
| adessive
|
-iaisella
|
-iaisilla
|
| ablative
|
-iaiselta
|
-iaisilta
|
| allative
|
-iaiselle
|
-iaisille
|
| essive
|
-iaisena
|
-iaisina
|
| translative
|
-iaiseksi
|
-iaisiksi
|
| abessive
|
-iaisetta
|
-iaisitta
|
| instructive
|
—
|
-iaisin
|
| comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-iaiseni
|
-iaiseni
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-iaiseni
|
-iaiseni
|
| gen.
|
-iaiseni
|
| genitive
|
-iaiseni
|
-iaisteni
-iaisieni
|
| partitive
|
-iaistani
|
-iaisiani
|
| inessive
|
-iaisessani
|
-iaisissani
|
| elative
|
-iaisestani
|
-iaisistani
|
| illative
|
-iaiseeni
|
-iaisiini
|
| adessive
|
-iaisellani
|
-iaisillani
|
| ablative
|
-iaiseltani
|
-iaisiltani
|
| allative
|
-iaiselleni
|
-iaisilleni
|
| essive
|
-iaisenani
|
-iaisinani
|
| translative
|
-iaisekseni
|
-iaisikseni
|
| abessive
|
-iaisettani
|
-iaisittani
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-iaisineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-iaisesi
|
-iaisesi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-iaisesi
|
-iaisesi
|
| gen.
|
-iaisesi
|
| genitive
|
-iaisesi
|
-iaistesi
-iaisiesi
|
| partitive
|
-iaistasi
|
-iaisiasi
|
| inessive
|
-iaisessasi
|
-iaisissasi
|
| elative
|
-iaisestasi
|
-iaisistasi
|
| illative
|
-iaiseesi
|
-iaisiisi
|
| adessive
|
-iaisellasi
|
-iaisillasi
|
| ablative
|
-iaiseltasi
|
-iaisiltasi
|
| allative
|
-iaisellesi
|
-iaisillesi
|
| essive
|
-iaisenasi
|
-iaisinasi
|
| translative
|
-iaiseksesi
|
-iaisiksesi
|
| abessive
|
-iaisettasi
|
-iaisittasi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-iaisinesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-iaisemme
|
-iaisemme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-iaisemme
|
-iaisemme
|
| gen.
|
-iaisemme
|
| genitive
|
-iaisemme
|
-iaistemme
-iaisiemme
|
| partitive
|
-iaistamme
|
-iaisiamme
|
| inessive
|
-iaisessamme
|
-iaisissamme
|
| elative
|
-iaisestamme
|
-iaisistamme
|
| illative
|
-iaiseemme
|
-iaisiimme
|
| adessive
|
-iaisellamme
|
-iaisillamme
|
| ablative
|
-iaiseltamme
|
-iaisiltamme
|
| allative
|
-iaisellemme
|
-iaisillemme
|
| essive
|
-iaisenamme
|
-iaisinamme
|
| translative
|
-iaiseksemme
|
-iaisiksemme
|
| abessive
|
-iaisettamme
|
-iaisittamme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-iaisinemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-iaisenne
|
-iaisenne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-iaisenne
|
-iaisenne
|
| gen.
|
-iaisenne
|
| genitive
|
-iaisenne
|
-iaistenne
-iaisienne
|
| partitive
|
-iaistanne
|
-iaisianne
|
| inessive
|
-iaisessanne
|
-iaisissanne
|
| elative
|
-iaisestanne
|
-iaisistanne
|
| illative
|
-iaiseenne
|
-iaisiinne
|
| adessive
|
-iaisellanne
|
-iaisillanne
|
| ablative
|
-iaiseltanne
|
-iaisiltanne
|
| allative
|
-iaisellenne
|
-iaisillenne
|
| essive
|
-iaisenanne
|
-iaisinanne
|
| translative
|
-iaiseksenne
|
-iaisiksenne
|
| abessive
|
-iaisettanne
|
-iaisittanne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-iaisinenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
-iaisensa
|
-iaisensa
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
-iaisensa
|
-iaisensa
|
| gen.
|
-iaisensa
|
| genitive
|
-iaisensa
|
-iaistensa
-iaisiensa
|
| partitive
|
-iaistaan
-iaistansa
|
-iaisiaan
-iaisiansa
|
| inessive
|
-iaisessaan
-iaisessansa
|
-iaisissaan
-iaisissansa
|
| elative
|
-iaisestaan
-iaisestansa
|
-iaisistaan
-iaisistansa
|
| illative
|
-iaiseensa
|
-iaisiinsa
|
| adessive
|
-iaisellaan
-iaisellansa
|
-iaisillaan
-iaisillansa
|
| ablative
|
-iaiseltaan
-iaiseltansa
|
-iaisiltaan
-iaisiltansa
|
| allative
|
-iaiselleen
-iaisellensa
|
-iaisilleen
-iaisillensa
|
| essive
|
-iaisenaan
-iaisenansa
|
-iaisinaan
-iaisinansa
|
| translative
|
-iaisekseen
-iaiseksensa
|
-iaisikseen
-iaisiksensa
|
| abessive
|
-iaisettaan
-iaisettansa
|
-iaisittaan
-iaisittansa
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
-iaisineen
-iaisinensa
|
|
Derived terms
References
- Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.