-il

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Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L
-ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-il

  1. Passive suffix.[1]
    kəsmək (to cut) + ‎-il → ‎kəsilmək (to get cut, to flunk)
    almaq (to buy) + ‎-ın → ‎alınmaq (to be bought)
    eşitmək (to hear) + ‎-il → ‎eşidilmək (to be heard)

Usage notes

A notable irregularity is görmək, which takes -ün (instead of expected -ül):

görmək (to see) + ‎-ün → ‎görünmək (to be seen)

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:

demək (to say) + ‎-il → ‎deyilmək (to be said)

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Şirəliyev, Məmmədağa, Sevortyan, Ervand (1971) “-il”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, pages 106-108

Franco-Provençal

Pronoun

-il m

  1. postpositive form of il

Interlingua

Etymology

Borrowed from French -ile, Italian -ile, Portuguese -il, all ultimately from Latin -īle.

Pronunciation

Suffix

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-il

  1. forms nouns from nouns, denoting a place where animals are kept
    can (dog) + ‎-il → ‎canil (kennel)
    tauro (bull) + ‎-il → ‎tauril (bull pen)

Derived terms

Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -il not found

References

Maltese

Etymology

From the syllable -ar in Arabic عَشَر (ʕašar, ten). The same alternation between absolute and attributive form is found in most modern dialects of Arabic, though generally with the original consonant r preserved. Compare North Levantine Arabic تنعش (tnaʕš, twelve), attributively تنعشر (tnaʕšar).

Pronunciation

Suffix

-il

  1. Used to form the attributive form of cardinal numbers 11 to 19.
    erbatax (fourteen)erbatax-il jum (fourteen days)

Usage notes

  • The suffix is spelt with a hyphen for phonetic reasons. It is, namely, apart from a few recent borrowings from English the only case where preconsonantal i in a final syllable is short. Thus, /ɛrbaˈtaːʃɪl/ is rendered as erbatax-il rather than *erbataxil, which latter should be pronounced */ɛrbataˈʃiːl/.

Middle English

Suffix

-il

  1. Alternative form of -el (agentive suffix)

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *-jēlē.

Pronunciation

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈ-il/

Suffix

-il

  1. Forms adjectives from verbs, indicating an inclination or tendency to perform the verb's action.
    sodjat (to bend) + ‎-il → ‎soddjil (tending to bend, flexible)

Usage notes

  • This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Odd, no gradation
Attributive -ilis
Nominative -il
Genitive -ila
Attributive -ilis
Singular Plural
Nominative -il -ilat
Accusative -ila -iliid
Genitive -ila -iliid
Illative -ilii -iliidda
Locative -ilis -iliin
Comitative -iliin -iliiguin
Essive -ilin

Derived terms

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Suffix

-il m (noun-forming suffix, plural -is)

  1. indicating a place for holding a specified type of animal
    gato (cat) + ‎-il → ‎gatil (kennel for cats)
    rede (net) + ‎-il → ‎redil (sheepfold)

Etymology 2

    Learned borrowing from Latin -īlis.

    Suffix

    -il m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -is)

    1. -ile (tending to or capable of)
    Usage notes
    • Most adjectives with this suffix are borrowed as a whole word from Latin rather than formed using this suffix in Portuguese.

    Derived terms

    Spanish

    Etymology

    From Latin -īlis.

    Suffix

    -il m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -iles)

    1. -ile (indicating relation or pertaining to)

    Derived terms

    See also

    Further reading

    Turkish

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    preceding vowel
    A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
    postconsonantal
    except after L
    -ıl -il -ul -ül
    after L -ın -in -un -ün
    postvocalic -n

    -il

    1. Passive suffix.
      kesmek (to cut) + ‎-il → ‎kesilmek (to get cut)
      almak (to buy) + ‎-ın → ‎alınmak (to be bought)
      işitmek (to hear) + ‎-il → ‎işitilmek (to be heard)

    Derived terms

    Volapük

    Suffix

    -il

    1. Used to form diminutives

    Derived terms

    See also