-kas

From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Cognate to Finnish -kas.

-kas (genitive -ka, partitive -kat)

1. Derives adjectives from some nouns

   sisu "content" → sisukas "meaningful, profound"

   vaim "spirit, mind" → vaimukas "witty"

   nali "joke" → naljakas "funny"

2. Derives nouns, often colloquial.

   padu- "huge" → padukas "heavy rain"

   juur "root" → juurikas "root, rhizome"

From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Equivalent to -kka +‎ -as.

-kas (front vowel harmony variant -käs, linguistic notation -kAs)

1. -y, -ful; a suffix that can be used to turn many, but not all, nouns into adjectives that indicate abundant presence of the thing expressed by the noun.

   ‎kukka (“flower”) + ‎-kas → ‎kukikas (“flower-patterned”)

   ‎raha (“money”) + ‎-kas → ‎rahakas (“lucrative”)

   ‎taito (“skill”) + ‎-kas → ‎taidokas (“skilful”)

   ‎voima (“power”) + ‎-kas → ‎voimakas (“powerful”)

   ‎ääni (“noise”) + ‎-kas → ‎äänekäs (“noisy”)

   ‎harteet (“shoulders”) + ‎-kas → ‎harteikas (“broad-shouldered”)

   ‎nenä (“nose”) + ‎-kas → ‎nenäkäs (“saucy”)

2. Forms nouns chacterized by an abundance of the base word.

   ‎asia (“errand, matter”) + ‎-kas → ‎asiakas (“customer”)

   ‎ora (“thorn”) + ‎-kas → ‎orakas (“hydnoid mushroom”)

3. -ish; a suffix that forms moderative adjectives; rare in standard Finnish.

   ‎kuiva (“dry”) + ‎-kas → ‎kuivakas (“dryish”)

4. Forms nouns indicating a concept associated with the base word from nouns or verbs.

   ‎juuri (“root”) + ‎-kas → ‎juurikas (“root vegetable”)

   ‎pudota (“to fall”) + ‎-kas → ‎pudokas (“fallen object”)

When the suffix is added to the noun, the stem changes in accordance with consonant gradation. The suffix is added to the plural stem on most hame-type nouns and in many cases of other non-mass concrete nouns, e.g. maine → maineikas instead of **maineekas, kukka → kukikas instead of **kukakas.

• -ska, SAK

From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Cognates include Finnish -kas and Estonian -kas.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-kɑs/,
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-kɑs/,

-kas (front vowel variant -käs)

1. Forms adjectives describing an abundancy of a noun; -ful

   ‎kala (“fish”) + ‎-kas → ‎kalakas (“rich in fish”)

• In its polysyllabic oblique forms, -kas gets the secondary stress in words with polysyllabic stems.

• -isa

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 54