Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word
-ko. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
-ko, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-ko in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
-ko you have here. The definition of the word
-ko will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
-ko, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Basque
Alternative forms
- -eko (after consonants)
- -go (see usage notes)
Etymology
Unknown.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ko
- Locative singular suffix.
- etxe (“house”) + -ko → etxeko (“of the house, related to the house”)
- Noun-forming suffix with various functions.
- related to, near
- gerri (“waist”) + -ko → gerriko (“belt”)
- belarri (“ear”) + -ko → belarritako (“earring”)
- Forms words expressing a hit or strike
- Forms future participles.
- egin (“to do”) + -ko → egingo (“will do”)
Usage notes
- The case formed by this suffix is also called "local genitive" or "locative genitive". It roughly corresponds to the usage of the prepositions of in English and de in Spanish. The genitive case (formed by the suffix -ren) also corresponds generally to these prepositions; but is mostly used to imply ownership, while the locative implies location or relatedness. However, there are exceptions to this general rule, see the usage examples below.
- Bizkaiko mendiak ― the mountains of Biscay
- buruko mina ― headache (literally, “pain of the head”)
- eskolako jaialdia ― school festival
- Picassoren margolan bat ― a painting by Picasso
- Ilargiaren orbita ― the orbit of the Moon
- mutilaren argazkia ― the picture of (owned by) the boy; the picture of (showing) the boy
- Common nouns ending in a consonant take the form -eko with an epenthetic vowel.
- hondartz (“beach”) + -ko → hondartzeko (“of the beach”).
- Proper nouns and verbs ending /n/ or /l/ take the voiced form -go.
- Madril (“Madrid”) + -ko → Madrilgo (“of Madrid”).
Declension
Derived terms
References
Czech
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ko n (noun-forming suffix)
- forms diminutive nouns
- ef + -ko → efko
- oko + -ko → očko
- zrno + -ko → zrnko
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- -ko in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-ko, probably ultimately from Proto-Uralic *ko-.
Particle
-ko (front vowel harmony variant -kö, linguistic notation -kO) (enclitic particle)
- (enclitic) Turns a clause interrogative. It is appended to the element of the clause that is questioned most. English equivalents include the normal ways of forming an interrogative statement without using an interrogative pronoun, such as the verb "do", inversion of the word order and intonation.
Onko hän täällä? (on > + -ko)- Is s/he here?
Täälläkö hän on? (täällä + -kö)- Is s/he here?
Tuleeko hän laivalla? (tulee > + -ko)- Is she coming by the ship?
Millä sitten - veneelläkö? (veneellä + -kö)- By what, then - on the boat?
Näkeekö hän? (näkee > + -kö)- Does s/he see?
Pitäisikö hänen tulla tänne? (pitäisi > + -kö)- Should s/he come here?
- (enclitic) In indirect questions, -ko/-kö appended to the verb corresponds to the conjunctions if and whether in English.
En tiedä, tuleeko hän.- I don't know if she comes.
En tiedä, näkeekö hän.- I don't know if she sees.
- (enclitic) With the particle -han/-hän attached to the topic of discussion, it expresses "I wonder if".
- (enclitic) With the negative verb (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät) and the particle -han/-hän, expresses "I suppose".
- (enclitic, colloquial) In a question with an interrogative word.
Usage notes
- (interrogative particle): The particle -ko/-kö is used when there is no other interrogative word, in both direct and indirect questions. The answer is expected to be simply affirmative or negative.
- (interrogative particle): The word with this particle will usually move to the beginning of the clause (see the usage examples).
- (I wonder if): Note that, unlike in English, the sentence meaning "I wonder if" is an interrogative sentence in Finnish, so it ends with a question mark.
Synonyms
See also
Garo
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-ko
- (inflectional suffix) forms the accusative case
See also
- -ni (“forms genitive”)
- -na (“forms dative”)
- -chi (“forms instrumental”)
- -no (“forms locative”)
Hadza
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ko
- a feminine singular suffix (often used with a collective sense)
Related terms
Ilocano
Alternative forms
- -k — before vowels and suffixes -en and -an
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
{head|ilo|pronoun}}
- First-person singular ergative enclitic pronoun; I
- Inlukatko ti tawa ta napudot. ― I opened the window because it is hot.
- Aramidekto dayta no bigat. ― I'll do that tomorrow.
- First-person singular possessive marker; my
- Daytoy ti pamiliak. ― This is my family.
- Annakko dagitoy. ― These are my children.
Usage notes
- When attached to verbs ending with the suffixes -en or -an, the n of the suffix is dropped and the enclitic (in the form -k) is attached.
- lutuen (“to cook”) + -k(o) → lutuek (“I cook”)
- dalusan (“to clean”) + -k(o) → dalusak (“I clean”)
- When attached to the enclitic -(e)n, the pronoun becomes -kon, even if the enclitic is in the form -k.
- Linutok ti ikan. ― I cooked the fish.
- Linutokon ti ikan. ― I already cooked the fish.
- When attached to the negative adverb di, the pronoun becomes -ak.
- Diak inggagara. ― I did not mean it.
- When attached to the verb in (“to go”), the n geminates, and the pronoun becomes -ak.
- Innak kitaen no addadan. ― I'll go check if they are already there.
See also
Ilocano personal pronouns
| Person
|
Number
|
Absolutive
|
Ergative
|
Oblique
|
Possessive
|
| Disjunctive
|
Enclitic
|
Enclitic3
|
bági form
|
kukua form
|
| First
|
singular
|
siak
|
-ak
|
-ko, -k
|
kaniak
|
bagik
|
kukuak, kuak
|
| dual
|
data, sita1
|
-ta
|
kaniata, kadata
|
bagita
|
kukuata
|
| plural inclusive
|
datayo, sitayo1
|
-tayo, -tay
|
kaniatayo, kadatayo
|
bagitayo
|
kukuatayo
|
| plural exclusive
|
dakami, sikami1
|
-kami, -kam
|
-mi
|
kaniami, kadakami
|
bagimi
|
kukuami
|
| Second
|
singular
|
sika
|
-ka
|
-mo, -m
|
kaniam, kenka
|
bagim
|
kukuam
|
| plural
|
dakayo, sikayo1
|
-kayo, -kay
|
-yo
|
kaniayo, kadakayo
|
bagiyo
|
kukuayo
|
| Third
|
singular
|
isu, isuna
|
Ø2
|
-na
|
kaniana, kenkuana
|
bagina
|
kukuana
|
| plural
|
isuda
|
-da
|
kaniada, kadakuada
|
bagida
|
kukuada
|
1Regional variants.
2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used.
3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.
|
|
|
Ingrian
Pronunciation
Particle
-ko (front-vowel variant -kö)
- Alternative form of -k
1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 12:Töö-ko meille avita.- Come help us.
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 178
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ъko.
Suffix
-ko n
- added to neuter nouns to form a diminutive
Derived terms
Makasar
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.
Pronoun
-ko (absolutive enclitic, Lontara spelling ᨀᨚ)
- you (familiar second person singualr and plural)
See also
Makasar free and bound pronouns
Murui Huitoto
Pronunciation
Classifier
-ko
- Classifier for objects that give cover.
- Classifier for spherical containers.
Derived terms
References
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia., Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), pages 195-196
Nupe
Pronunciation
Suffix
-kó
- augmentative suffix; used to form nouns meaning a larger form of something.
- Antonym: -gi
- èsá (“stool”) + -ko → èsákó (“table”)
- yàbà (“banana”) + -ko → yàbàkó (“plantain”)
- ǹdá (“father”) + -ko → ǹdákó (“grandfather”)
- bànban (“river bank”) + -ko → bànbankó (“cliff”)
- tákùn (“rock”) + -ko → tákùnkó (“large rock”)
- Used to form a nominalised and superlative form of verbs.
- wáncí (“to be large”) + -ko → wáncíkó (“the largest”)
- pàrà (“to be wide”) + -ko → pàràkó (“the widest”)
Derived terms
Further reading
- Alhaji, Gabra Ibrahim A Morphological Analysis of Nouns and Adjectives In The Nupe Language, 2012
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-kъ.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ko n
- diminutive suffix for neuter nouns; may cause various vowel shifts
Derived terms
Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish -ko.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: ko
Suffix
-ko n
- diminutive suffix for neuter nouns. May cause various vowel shifts
- słowo + -ko → słówko
Declension
Derived terms
Serbo-Croatian
Suffix
-ko (Cyrillic spelling -ко)
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, most likely to make diminutive. Usually used to make names, or nicknames denoting a negative feature.
- dar + -ko → Darko
- Jano + -ko → Janko
- debeo + -ko → debeljko (“fatty (meant as an insult)”)
Slovak
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ko n
- diminutive suffix for neuter nouns
Declension
Derived terms
Swahili
Suffix
-ko
- ku class(XVII) relative marker, where
- Sijui wanakotoka. ― I do not know where they come from.
See also
Swahili verbal concords (third person)