-m

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "m"

Afar

Pronunciation

Suffix

-m

  1. Used to form (pro)nouns taking on the quality of the suffixed determiners, numbers, verbs and nouns.
    ‎yí (“my”) + ‎-m → ‎yím (“mine (my something)”)

Usage notes

  • When added to a noun, the suffix is added to a genitive:
    ‎áwka (“boy”) + ‎-m → ‎awkím (“the boy's thing”)

Derived terms

Afar terms suffixed with -m

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 236

Estonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-mpi, cognate to Finnish -mpi.

Suffix

-m

  1. Forms comparative adjectives.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, cognate to Finnish -ma.

Suffix

-m

  1. Forms nouns from verbs.
    koguma (“to collect”) → kogum (“collection, complex, group of items or objects”)
    valima (“to select”) → valim (“sample (in statistics)”)
    hõljuma (“to float”) → hõljum (“plankton”)
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -m

Hungarian

Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *mᴕ̈ (“I”); see also én (“I”). Cognate with Northern Mansi -м (-m, “my”).

Suffix

-m

  2. (possessive suffix) my (first-person singular, single possession)
  4. (personal suffix) First-person singular personal suffix:
    1. Definite forms of transitive verbs (followed by a linking vowel in indicative present/past and subjunctive moods; with no linking vowel in conditional mood).
      ‎tud (“to know”) → ‎tudom, tudtam, tudjam, tudnám (“I know / knew / should know / would know it”)
      ‎kér (“to ask ”) → ‎kérem, kértem, kérjem, kérném (“I ask / asked / should ask / would ask for it”)
    2. Indefinite forms of -ik verbs.
      ‎alszik (“to sleep”) + ‎-m → ‎alszom (“I sleep”)
    4. Forming conjugated infinitives (here: “for me to do something”).
      ‎tanulni (“to study”) + ‎-m → ‎tanulnom kell (“I need to study”, literally “for_me_to_study is_necessary”)
      Csak kérnem kell. ― All I have to do is ask . (literally, “only for_me_to_ask is_necessary”)
    5. Declined and postpositional forms of the first-person personal pronoun én (“I”).
      ‎-ban/-ben (“in”) + ‎-m → ‎bennem (“in me”)
      ‎elé (“in front of”) + ‎-m → ‎elém (“in front of me”)
Usage notes
  • (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -m is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    ‎hajó (“boat”) + ‎-m → ‎a hajóm (“my boat”)
    ‎kocsi (“car”) + ‎-m → ‎a kocsim (“my car”)
    ‎palota (“palace”) + ‎-m → ‎a palotám (“my palace”)
    ‎érme (“coin”) + ‎-m → ‎az érmém (“my coin”)
    -am is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-am → ‎a házam (“my house”)
    -om is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    ‎kor (“age”) + ‎-om → ‎a korom (“my age”)
    -em is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-em → ‎a kertem (“my garden”)
    ‎fül (“ear”) + ‎-em → ‎a fülem (“my ear”)
    -öm is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    ‎öröm (“joy”) + ‎-öm → ‎az örömöm (“my joy”)

Etymology 2

It can be traced back to the Proto-Uralic *-m.

Suffix

-m

  1. (noun-forming suffix, obsolete) Added to a verb (or rarely to a noun) to form a noun. No longer productive in this sense.
    öröm, álom, folyam
    alom, orom, hím
  2. (frequentative verb-forming suffix, obsolete) No longer productive in this sense.
    élemedett (“elderly”)

See also

References

  1. ^ -m in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Ilocano

Pronoun

{head|ilo|pronoun}}

  1. Alternative form of -mo (used before vowels and suffixes -en and -an)

See also

Ilocano personal pronouns
Person Number Absolutive Ergative Oblique Possessive
Disjunctive Enclitic Enclitic3 bági form kukua form
First singular siak -ak -ko, -k kaniak bagik kukuak, kuak
dual data, sita1 -ta kaniata, kadata bagita kukuata
plural inclusive datayo, sitayo1 -tayo, -tay kaniatayo, kadatayo bagitayo kukuatayo
plural exclusive dakami, sikami1 -kami, -kam -mi kaniami, kadakami bagimi kukuami
Second singular sika -ka -mo, -m kaniam, kenka bagim kukuam
plural dakayo, sikayo1 -kayo, -kay -yo kaniayo, kadakayo bagiyo kukuayo
Third singular isu, isuna Ø2 -na kaniana, kenkuana bagina kukuana
plural isuda -da kaniada, kadakuada bagida kukuada
1Regional variants.
2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used.
3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.
Fused enclitics
Actor Patient
siak data datayo dakami sika dakayo isu5 isuda
siak bagik4 — — — -ka -kayo -ko, -k -ko ida, -k ida
data — bagita4 — — — — -ta -ta ida
datayo — — bagitayo4 — — — -tayo -tayo ida
dakami — — — bagimi4 -daka -dakayo -mi -mi ida
sika -nak — — -nakami bagim4 — -mo, -m -mo ida, -m ida
dakayo -dak -data — -dakami — bagiyo4 -yo -yo ida
isu -nak -nata -natayo -nakami -naka -nakayo bagina4, -na -na ida
isuda -dak -data -datayo -dakami -daka -dakayo -da bagida4, -da ida
4Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form.
5 isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

Marshallese

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Suffix

-m

  1. and

References

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *-mus.

Suffix

-m m

  1. Forms verbal nouns of A III (hiatus) verbs

Inflection

Masculine u-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative -m -mL -mae
Vocative -m -mL -mu
Accusative -mN -mL -mu
Genitive -moH, -maH -mo, -ma -maeN
Dative -mL -maib -maib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

References

  1. ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 108-111

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Suffix

-m

  1. Plural suffix (with m-declension nouns)

References

  • Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish

Alternative forms

  • -em (after a consonant)

Etymology

From earlier -śm, a contraction of Old Polish jeśm, from Proto-Slavic *esmь.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /m/
  • Syllabification: m

Suffix

-m

  1. first-person singular suffix
    ‎robić + ‎-m → ‎robiłem

See also

Further reading

  • -m in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Quechua

Alternative forms

  • (after consonants) -mi
  • -n

Suffix

-m

  1. Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.
    Ñuqa runasimitam rimani. Qusqumantam kani.
    I speak Quechua. I am from Cusco.
    Allqukunaqa chawa aychatam mikhunku.
    Dogs eat raw meat.
  2. Used to mark an open-ended question; more informal than -taq
    Maymantam kanki?
    Where are you from?

See also

Turkish

Suffix

-m

  1. First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a vowel.
    kedi - kedim
    cat - my cat

Usage notes

Uzbek

Suffix

postconsonantal -im
postvocalic -m

-m (Cyrillic spelling -м)

  1. Form of -im after a vowel.
    Bu ruchkam.
    This is my ball pen.
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