-mi

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "mi"

Buginese

Suffix

-mi (Buginese form ᨆᨗ)

  1. only
    tellumi panésaï
    there are only three things that determine it

Fala

Pronoun

-mi

  1. Clitic form of me (“me”)

See also

Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

References

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Greenlandic

Enclitic

-mi

  1. but, however, yet, indeed, what about, yes
    uanga (“I, me”) -> uangami (“what about me?”)
    immaqa (“perhaps”) -> immaqami (“yes, maybe”)

Usage notes

Not to be confused with -mi, locative singular inflection ending.

Guaraní

Suffix

-mi

  1. diminutive suffix.
  2. mild imperative suffix.

Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *kami, from *ami.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

-mi (pronoun-forming suffix)

  1. First-person plural exclusive ergative enclitic pronoun; we (not you)
    Dinalusanmi ti kuarto. ― We cleaned the room.
  2. First-person plural exclusive possessive marker; our (exclusive)
    Adayo pay ti balaymi. ― Our house is still far.

See also

Ilocano personal pronouns
Person Number Absolutive Ergative Oblique Possessive
Disjunctive Enclitic Enclitic3 bági form kukua form
First singular siak -ak -ko, -k kaniak bagik kukuak, kuak
dual data, sita1 -ta kaniata, kadata bagita kukuata
plural inclusive datayo, sitayo1 -tayo, -tay kaniatayo, kadatayo bagitayo kukuatayo
plural exclusive dakami, sikami1 -kami, -kam -mi kaniami, kadakami bagimi kukuami
Second singular sika -ka -mo, -m kaniam, kenka bagim kukuam
plural dakayo, sikayo1 -kayo, -kay -yo kaniayo, kadakayo bagiyo kukuayo
Third singular isu, isuna Ø2 -na kaniana, kenkuana bagina kukuana
plural isuda -da kaniada, kadakuada bagida kukuada
1Regional variants.
2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used.
3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.
Fused enclitics
Actor Patient
siak data datayo dakami sika dakayo isu5 isuda
siak bagik4 — — — -ka -kayo -ko, -k -ko ida, -k ida
data — bagita4 — — — — -ta -ta ida
datayo — — bagitayo4 — — — -tayo -tayo ida
dakami — — — bagimi4 -daka -dakayo -mi -mi ida
sika -nak — — -nakami bagim4 — -mo, -m -mo ida, -m ida
dakayo -dak -data — -dakami — bagiyo4 -yo -yo ida
isu -nak -nata -natayo -nakami -naka -nakayo bagina4, -na -na ida
isuda -dak -data -datayo -dakami -daka -dakayo -da bagida4, -da ida
4Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form.
5 isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

Italian

Pronoun

-mi

  1. (enclitic) Alternative form of mi
    dare (“to give”) → darmi (“to give myself; to give me; to give to me”)
    vendere (“to sell”) → vendermi (“to sell myself; to sell me; to sell to me”)
    servire (“to serve”) → servirmi (“to serve myself; to serve me; to serve to me”)

Usage notes

  • Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative or dative forms when the object is first singular person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
-are → -armi
-ere → -ermi
-ire → -irmi

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurmi (“to introduce myself; to introduce me; to insert in me”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -mi.

Anagrams

Kambera

Pronoun

-mi

  1. second person plural genitive enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics
Nominative Genitive Accusative Dative
1sg ku- -nggu -ka -ngga
2sg mu- (u-) -mu -kau -nggau
3sg na- -na -ya -nya
1pl.incl ta- -nda -ta -nda
1pl.excl ma- -ma -kama -nggama
2pl mi- (i-) -mi -kami (-kai) -nggami (-nggai)
3pl da- -da -ha -nja

Laboya

Pronoun

-mi

  1. second person plural subject enclitic
  2. second person plural possessive enclitic

See also

Laboya pronominal clitics
Subject Subject/Possessive Object
Person
1sg gu- -gu -ga
2sg mu- -mu -gu
3sg na- -na -ni
1pl.incl da- -da -da
1pl.excl ma- -ma -gama
2pl mi- -mi -gimi
3pl ɗa- -ɗa -di

Makasar

Etymology

Portmanteau of -mo + -i

Enclitic

-mi (Lontara spelling ᨆᨗ)

  1. perfective aspect marker with third person absolutive pronoun
    Tinromi i Baso. ― Baso is already asleep.

Quechua

Alternative forms

  • (after vowels) -m

Suffix

-mi

  1. Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.
    Paykunawanmi kachkani.
    I am with them.
    Kuchinillaqa chiwanway ukhuyuqmi.
    The cochineal insect is deep red on the inside.
  2. Used to mark an open-ended question; more informal than -taq
    Piwanmi richkanki?
    Who are you going with?

See also

Sassarese

Pronoun

-mi

  1. enclitic form of mi; appended to polysyllabic second-person singular imperative forms
    ciama (“call!”) → ciàmami (“call me!”)

Uneapa

Etymology

From a shortening of Proto-Oceanic *-mami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mami, from Proto-Austronesian *-ami.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-mi

  1. A first-person plural exclusive possessive suffix.

Further reading

  • Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

Warlpiri

Suffix

-mi

  1. non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 1 to indicate non-past tense

References

  • Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia