-mi

-mi (Buginese form ᨆᨗ)

1. only

   tellumi panésaï

   there are only three things that determine it

-mi

1. Clitic form of me (“me”)

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

-mi

1. but, however, yet, indeed, what about, yes

   uanga (“I, me”) -> uangami (“what about me?”)

   immaqa (“perhaps”) -> immaqami (“yes, maybe”)

Not to be confused with -mi, locative singular inflection ending.

-mi

1. diminutive suffix.
2. mild imperative suffix.

From Proto-Austronesian *kami, from *ami.

• IPA^(key): /mi/

-mi (pronoun-forming suffix)

1. First-person plural exclusive ergative enclitic pronoun; we (not you)

   Dinalusanmi ti kuarto. ― We cleaned the room.

2. First-person plural exclusive possessive marker; our (exclusive)

   Adayo pay ti balaymi. ― Our house is still far.

-mi

1. (enclitic) Alternative form of mi

   dare (“to give”) → darmi (“to give myself; to give me; to give to me”)

   vendere (“to sell”) → vendermi (“to sell myself; to sell me; to sell to me”)

   servire (“to serve”) → servirmi (“to serve myself; to serve me; to serve to me”)

• Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative or dative forms when the object is first singular person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -armi

-ere → -ermi

-ire → -irmi

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurmi (“to introduce myself; to introduce me; to insert in me”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -mi.

• im-

-mi

1. second person plural genitive enclitic

-mi

1. second person plural subject enclitic
2. second person plural possessive enclitic

Portmanteau of -mo + -i

-mi (Lontara spelling ᨆᨗ)

1. perfective aspect marker with third person absolutive pronoun

   Tinromi i Baso. ― Baso is already asleep.

• (after vowels) -m

-mi

1. Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.

   Paykunawanmi kachkani.

   I am with them.

   Kuchinillaqa chiwanway ukhuyuqmi.

   The cochineal insect is deep red on the inside.

2. Used to mark an open-ended question; more informal than -taq

   Piwanmi richkanki?

   Who are you going with?

• -s/-si

-mi

1. enclitic form of mi; appended to polysyllabic second-person singular imperative forms

   ciama (“call!”) → ciàmami (“call me!”)

From a shortening of Proto-Oceanic *-mami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mami, from Proto-Austronesian *-ami.

• IPA^(key): /mi/

-mi

1. A first-person plural exclusive possessive suffix.

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

-mi

1. non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 1 to indicate non-past tense

• Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)