-nta

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-nta, from Proto-Uralic *-nta. Related to Karelian -nta, Livvi -ndu and Veps -nd, as well as to Estonian -nd, possibly borrowed from Finnish.

Suffix

-nta (front vowel harmony variant -ntä, linguistic notation -ntA)

1. Forms nouns that describe an action.

   ‎toimia (“to act”) + ‎-nta → ‎toiminta (“action”)

   ‎ampua (“to shoot”) + ‎-nta → ‎ammunta (“shooting”)

   ‎lääkitä (“to medicate”) + ‎-nta → ‎lääkintä (“medication”)

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-nta, equal to -na (essive suffix) + -ta (partitive suffix, from Uralic ablative). Cognate with Estonian -nt and Ingrian -nt.

Suffix

-nta (front vowel harmony variant -ntä, linguistic notation -ntA) (dialectal, nonstandard)

1. Forms the exessive case.

   erota presidentintä ― to resign from being a president

Usage notes

• The exessive case is not part of the standard language and is only found in dialects.
• The suffix is appended to the same stem as the ablative suffix.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Finnic *-nta.

Suffix

-nta (front vowel harmony variant -ntä, linguistic notation -ntA) (rare)

1. (non-productive) Forms certain nouns, mainly for people.

Declension

Derived terms

Pitjantjatjara

Pronoun

-nta (second person singular accusative, bound form of nyuntunya)

1. you (singular, object)

Usage notes

Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.