-pe

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "pe"

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *-pe, from Proto-Indo-European *pe. Cognate with Luwian -pa, Luwian ppa-, and Lithuanian kaĩp (“how”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /pe/,
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /pe/,

Particle

-pe

used in the formation of certain words as an intensive particle

Derived terms

Old Tupi

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-pe, from Proto-Tupian *-pe.

Alternative forms

-ype (after consonants)
-me (after nasals)

Postposition

-pe

in (within the bounds or limits of)
to (in the direction of)
- 1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 104; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:
  M. Emonánamo onhemoçainã eté pabépe Tupã nhêênga cuábaõama, Tupã nhêênga rerobiarãõâma recé, imoporagoâma recebé.
  D. Emonamo, äâneŷme anhangaratápe ixóune.
  [M. Emonãnamo onhemosaînãeté pabẽpe Tupã nhe'enga kuabaûama, Tupã nhe'enga rerobîarãûama resé, i moporagûâma resebé.
  D[iscípulo]. Emonãnamo, aane'yme anhanga ratápe i xóûne.]
  Master: So they'll all be truly concerned about knowing God's word, about believing in God's word, as well as obeying it?
  Disciple: Indeed, otherwise they'll go to hell.
forms subordinate clauses

Descendants

Nheengatu: upé

Etymology 2

Particle

-pe

shall

Etymology 3

Particle

-pe

interrogative particle; comes after the thing one wants to ask, in the beginning of the sentence
- 1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 36:
  Xerúbapèoçô?
  [Xe rubape osó?]
  Did my father go?

References

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “-pe”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 374–375

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