-tı

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Turkish

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
-tı -ti -tu -tü

Pronunciation

Suffix

-tı

  1. Derives nouns from verbs, of a result or product of the action, with the suffix -n, which derives Reflexive forms of verbs.
    al- (to take) + ‎-ın- (to take offense) + ‎-tı → ‎alıntı (quotation, citation)
    kaşı- (transitive; to itch, scratch) + ‎-n- (reflexive; to itch, to scratch oneself) + ‎-tı → ‎kaşıntı (itch, itchiness)
    gez- (to wander around, to travel) + ‎-in- (to wander around, to walk about) + ‎-ti → ‎gezinti (stroll, trip)
    gör- (to see) + ‎-ün- (to appear, to come in sight) + ‎-tü → ‎görüntü (image, sight, view)
    sık- (to squeeze, to bore) + ‎-ın- (to strain oneself, to force oneself) + ‎-tı → ‎sıkıntı (boredom, distress, annoyance)
    çırp- (to clap, to beat, to whip) + ‎-ın- (to struggle, to flutter) + ‎-tı → ‎çırpıntı (fluttering, shaking)
    sığ- (to fit in, to squeeze in) + ‎-ın- (to take refuge in, to take shelter in) + ‎-tı → ‎sığıntı (a person whose stay is unwanted or unwelcome)
    sapla- (to stab, to dig into, to jab) + ‎-n- (to sink into, to be stuck in) + ‎-tı → ‎saplantı (obsession, fixation)
    eğle- (transitive; to stall, to keep waiting) + ‎-n- (to have fun, to enjoy oneself, to wait somewhere) + ‎-ti → ‎eğlenti (party, enjoyable meeting)
    kur- (to set, to build) + ‎-un- (to make up (in mind), to form ideas) + ‎-tu → ‎kuruntu (wild fancy, delusion)
    söyle- (to say, to tell) + ‎-n- (to talk to oneself, to complain) + ‎-ti → ‎söylenti (rumor)
  2. Some verb roots either do not have Reflexive forms due to being New Turkish words derived through false analogy[1] or these forms fell off use in modern Turkish.
    çök- (to collapse, to cave in) + ‎-ün- + ‎-tü → ‎çöküntü (collapse, breakdown) ("çökünmek" does not exist in modern Turkish. Compare with چوكنمك (t͡ʃœ.cyn.mec) in Ottoman Turkish.)[2]
    çöz- (to solve, to untangle, to dissolve) + ‎-el- + ‎-ti → ‎çözelti (solution, resulting substance of dissolution) (Derived through false analogy to çökmek into çökelmek into çökelti; "çözelmek" does not exist as a separate verb.)[3]
    ak- (to flow) + ‎-ın- + ‎-tı → ‎akıntı (flow, current, stream)
    ayır- (to separate, to split) + ‎-ın- + ‎-tı → ‎ayrıntı (detail)
    üz- (to upset, to aggrieve) + ‎-ün- + ‎-tü → ‎üzüntü (sorrow, grief)
    sız- (to leak, to ooze) + ‎-ın- + ‎-tı → ‎sızıntı (leak, leakage)
    sars- (to shake, to jolt) + ‎-ın- + ‎-tı → ‎sarsıntı (shake, concussion, shock)
    bekle- (to wait, to expect) + ‎-n- + ‎-ti → ‎beklenti (expectation)
  3. Derives onomatopoeic nouns, with suffixes -ır or -ıl, which derive onomatopoeic verbs in Turkic dialects.[4]
    çıt (click or crack sound) + ‎-ır- + ‎-tı → ‎çıtırtı (clicking, cracking)
    fıs (soft hiss sound) + ‎-ıl- + ‎-tı → ‎fısıltı (whisper, whispering)
    gür (rumble or clatter sound) + ‎-ül- + ‎-tü → ‎gürültü (noise, rumbling)
    mır (murmur sound) + ‎-ıl- + ‎-tı → ‎mırıltı (murmuring, mumbling)
  4. Derives nouns with the suffix -ar, which derives intransitive verbs from the names of colors,[5] of an area that turns that color.
    kara (black) + ‎-ar- (to turn black) + ‎-tı → ‎karartı (darkness, blackness, shadow)
    ak (white, light) + ‎-ar- (to turn white) + ‎-tı → ‎ağartı (whitening, breaking of dawn)
    mor (purple) + ‎-ar- (to turn purple) + ‎-tı → ‎morartı (bruise, a purplish spot)

Usage notes

  • Most commonly used with the -in (reflexive and passive suffix), which is why the suffix is often classified in full as -ıntı,[6][7] even though some nouns derived in this way are made from verbs that do not have reflexive forms; i.e akıntı, üzüntü, sarsıntı.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2018). Nişanyan Sözlük Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojisi. İstanbul:Liber Plus Yayınları.
  2. ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چوكنمك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 739
  3. ^ Balyemez, S. (2018). Türkiye Türkçesinde Kapalı Gövde Örnekleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, (63), 243-266.
  4. ^ Omuralieva, A. (2020). Türkiye Türkçesinde Ses Yansımalı Fiillerin Yapısı. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(12).
  5. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+(g)Ar-" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
  6. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+(In)tI" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
  7. ^ SELVİ, Ceren. -IntI Yapım Ekinin Türkçe Ulusal Derlem’de Yer Alan Semantik Prozodi Görünümleri. bitig: 43.