-tam

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "tam"

Hungarian

Etymology

From -t (past-tense suffix) +‎ -am (first-person singular suffix).

Pronunciation

Suffix

-tam

  1. (past-tense suffix) Forms the first-person singular past tense of verbs (indefinite and definite conjugation).
    ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-tam → ‎olvastam (“I read, I have read, I had read”)

Usage notes

    Past tense indefinite/definite - personal endings
Person Indefinite Definite
Back vowel Front vowel Back vowel Front vowel
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
én 1st person singular
Class A & D verbs 		-tam -tem -tam -tem
Class B verbs -ttam -ttem -ttam -ttem
Class C verbs -ottam -ettem -öttem -ottam -ettem -öttem
te 2nd person singular
Class A & D verbs 		-tál -tél -tad -ted
Class B verbs -ttál -ttél -ttad -tted
Class C verbs -ottál -ettél -öttél -ottad -etted -ötted
ő
maga
ön 		3rd person singular
Class A verbs 		-t -ta -te
Class B verbs -tt -tt -tta -tte
Class C verbs -ott -ett -ött -otta -ette -ötte
mi 1st person plural
Class A & D verbs 		-tunk -tünk -tuk -tük
Class B verbs -ttunk -ttünk -ttuk -ttük
Class C verbs -ottunk -ettünk -öttünk -ottuk -ettük -öttük
ti 2nd person plural
Class A & D verbs 		-tatok -tetek -tátok -tétek
Class B verbs -ttatok -ttetek -ttátok -ttétek
Class C verbs -ottatok -ettetek -öttetek -ottátok -ettétek -öttétek
ők
maguk
önök 		3rd person plural
Class A & D verbs 		-tak -tek -ták -ték
Class B verbs -ttak -ttek -tták -tték
Class C verbs -ottak -ettek -öttek -ották -ették -ötték
én 1st person singular subject with
2nd-person object
Class A & D verbs 		× -talak -telek
Class B verbs -ttalak -ttelek
Class C verbs -ottalak -ettelek -öttelek
Class A: Use -t 1. after a single j, l, ly, n, ny, r (fáj, szel, fon, huny, sír)
2. in many bisyllabic verbs ending in -ad/-ed (akad, ered)
Class B: Use -tt hí, fú, nyí, ó, ró, rí, sí, szí, jő, sző, nő, fő, lő, nyű
Class C: Use -ott/-ett/-ött 1. after two consonants (sóhajt, szerkeszt, köszönt)
2. after a long vowel + t (javít, terít)
3. fut, hat, jut, nyit, vet, köt, süt, üt
Class D: Use -ott/-ett/-ött in 3rd-person singular indefinite.
Use -t for all other persons. 		All verbs not in Class A, B, C (olvas, keres, küld)
  • (past-tense suffix) Variants:
    -tam is added to most back-vowel verbs
    -tem is added to most front-vowel verbs
    -ttam is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, fú, ó, ró, rí, szí)
    -ttem is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (fő, jő, lő, nő, nyű, sző)
    -ottam is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, hat, jut, nyit, except lát)
    -ettem is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
    -öttem is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)

See also

Latin

Suffix

-tam

  1. feminine accusative singular of -tus
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