-tar

Albanian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Similar usage to Latin -tor.

Suffix

-tar m (indefinite plural -tarë, definite singular -tari, feminine equivalent -tare)

1. forms agent nouns. -er

   Synonyms: -ës, -tor

   ‎ar (“gold”) + ‎-tar → ‎artar (“goldsmith”)

   ‎shkencë (“science”) + ‎-tar → ‎shkencëtar (“scientist”)

   ‎gjellë (“food”) + ‎-tar → ‎gjellëtar (“cook”)

   ‎shqip (“Albanian”, adjective) + ‎-tar → ‎shqiptar (“an Albanian”, noun)

2. forms relational adjectives. -al

   Synonym: -ik

   ‎komb (“nation”) + ‎-tar → ‎kombëtar (“national”)

   ‎qeveri (“government”) + ‎-tar → ‎qeveritar (“governmental”)

   ‎shqip (“Albanian”, adjective) + ‎-tar → ‎shqiptar (“Albanian”, adjective)

Derived terms

Basque

Alternative forms

• -dar, -tiar, -ar, -liar

Suffix

-tar

1. Used to create adjectives and nouns that denote demonyms.

Derived terms

Estonian

Etymology

Clipped from the ending of tütar. Cognate to Finnish -tar.

Suffix

-tar (genitive -tari, partitive -tari)

1. Forms feminine agent or occupational nouns

   kaunis "beautiful" → kaunitar "beautiful woman"

   laulja "singer" → lauljatar "female singer"

Declension

Synonyms

• -nna (in some cases)

Derived terms

Finnish

Etymology

Clipped from tytär (“daughter”) and then adapted to vowel harmony.

Suffix

-tar (front vowel harmony variant -tär, linguistic notation -tAr)

1. Forms the female counterpart of nouns indicating a person.

   ‎kuningas (“king”) + ‎-tar → ‎kuningatar (“queen”)

   ‎näyttelijä (“actor”) + ‎-tar → ‎näyttelijätär (“actress”)

   ‎Saksa (“Germany”) + ‎-tar → ‎saksatar (“a German female”)

Usage notes

• This is a nominal suffix, i.e. attached to nouns.
• The suffix is appended to the weak stem.
• With words ending in -lainen, -tar is appended to the stem not including -lainen.
• Nowadays it's uncommon and old fashioned to use the female forms of professions.
• Historically surnames ending in -nen had female forms, e.g. if a man had Leinonen as his surname, his wife would have been Leinotar instead.

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

• -tär (front vowel variant)

References

Greenlandic

Pronunciation

• (Nuuk) IPA^(key): /-tar/,

Suffix

-tar (v-v^?, additive^?, VTV → VsV^?)

1. Signifies habitual behaviour.

   atuarpoq (“attends school (once)”) -> atuartarpoq (“attends school (is a student)”)

   • 1992, “Usuni kipigaa”, in Atuagagdliutit:

     Nammineq tissassarluni inersinnaannginnerluni anisuualu qanoq ililluni anisassava?

     I wonder if he will be unable to stimulate himself to an orgasm, and how will the semen leave?

Usage notes

Was formerly sometimes truncative.

Derived terms

References

• Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 124, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
• -tar in Katersat
• Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 75, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014

Irish

Alternative forms

• -tear (slender form)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪ˠəɾˠ/

Suffix

-tar

1. Autonomous ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense, present subjunctive mood, and conditional mood