-ttaa

From Proto-Finnic *-ttadak, from Proto-Uralic *-kta-, *-pta- (conflated).

• IPA^(key): /-tːɑːˣ/,

-ttaa (front vowel harmony variant -ttää, stem -tta-, linguistic notation -ttA- or -ttAA)

1. Forms causative verbs from verbs and nominals.

   ‎syntyä (“to be born”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎synnyttää (“to give birth”)

   ‎syödä (“to eat”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎syöttää (“to feed”)

   ‎muistaa (“to remember”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎muistuttaa (“to remind”)

   ‎kantaa (“to carry”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎kannattaa (“to support”)

   ‎kasvaa (“to grow”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎kasvattaa (“to raise”)

   ‎metsä (“forest”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎metsittää (“to afforest”)

   ‎höyry (“steam”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎höyryttää (“to steam; in the sense to treat with steam”)

2. Forms emotive causative verbs which express having feelings, urges, needs, etc. These generally appear with the subject of the feeling in the partitive case. Often the same verb can also be used as an ordinary causative verb to express a feeling being caused by something. The connection between the original verb and the feeling expressed is not always literal.

   ‎jano (“thirst”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎janottaa (“to feel thirsty, to make feel thirsty”)

   Minua janottaa kauheasti.

   I am awfully thirsty.

   Suolainen ruoka janottaa.

   Salty food makes you thirsty.

   ‎suuttua (“to become angry”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎suututtaa (“to feel angry, to make angry”)

   Minua suututtaa.

   I feel angry.

   En halua suututtaa sinua.

   I don't want to make you angry.

   ‎vittu (“fuck, cunt, a vulgar expletive”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎vituttaa (“to be pissed off, to piss off”)

   Minua vituttaa.

   I am pissed off.

   Työttömyys alkaa vituttaa minua.

   Being unemployed is beginning to piss me off.

3. Forms curative verbs (subset of causative verbs) out of transitive verbs. Curative verbs describe an action in which an agent makes a patient do something. If the patient is expressed, it's in the adessive case. They can be often translated into English using "to make someone do" or "to have done by someone".

   ‎tehdä (“to do”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎teettää (“to have done”)

   ‎huutaa (“to shout”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎huudattaa (“to make shout”)

4. Used in some onomatopoeic and sound-symbolic verbs.

Usually:

With monosyllabic stems with a (e.g. saada → saattaa):

• -uttaa

• taat

From Proto-Finnic *-ttadak. Cognates include Finnish -ttaa and Estonian -tada.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-tːɑː/,
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-tːɑː/,

-ttaa (front vowel variant -ttää)

1. Used to form causative verbs.

   ‎kuva (“image”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎kuvittaa (“to illustrate”)

   ‎söövvä (“to eat”) + ‎-ttaa → ‎sööttää (“to feed”)

Usually:

With monosyllabic stems: