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, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Albanian
Etymology
Suffixed definite article attached on nouns ending with k, g (IPA (key ) : , ). From the ending Proto-Indo-European *-osyo . cognate to Messapic -aihi .
Related to Albanian -i ( “ of the, etc. ” ) , Albanian i ( “ of, the, to ” ) .
Pronunciation
Article
-u m
masculine singular nominative and accusative suffixed definite article : the
flok ( “ hair ” ) + -u → floku ( “ the hair ” )
treg ( “ market ” ) + -u → tregu ( “ the market ” )
plak ( “ old man ” ) + -u → plaku ( “ the old man ” )
zog ( “ bird ” ) + -u → zogu ( “ the bird ” )
(note: -u shifts towards -i among some Gheg dialects; zogi instead of zogu )
Related terms
( suffixed article, suffix ) : -a , -e , -ë , -i , -o , -ia , -ja , -je , -jë , -at , -et , -ët , -it , -ot , -ut , -të , -ri , -ishte , -ishtja
( article, preposition ) : e , i , së , të
References
^ Matzinger 2015, pp. 62–66
^ Ismajli 2015, pp. 65–68.
^ Matzinger, Joachim (2017). "The Lexicon of Albanian". In Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (eds.). Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics. 3. Walter de Gruyter.
Chuukese
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Suffix
-u
out , outwards ; used to modify verb direction
Esperanto
Etymology 1
Etymology unclear. Perhaps from the Greek -ou imperative (pronounced ) of deponent verbs such as dekhou “receive!”, or from the Hebrew imperative -û. It may instead—or also—be connected to the vowel of the Esperanto conditional suffix -us , minus the s of the indicative inflections.
Suffix
-u
volitive inflection of verbs, indicating that an action or state is desired, requested, ordered, or aimed for.
Donu ĝin al mi.Give it to me. (expresses a request or command )
Ni faru tion. Let's do that. (expresses a desire or aim )
Mi iru dormi. I ought to go to sleep. (expresses desirability of the action )
Via infano sukcesu en la vivo. May your child be successful in life. (wish or desire )
Mi volas, ke vi helpu min. I want you to help me. (desire )
Ŝi petas, ke mi silentu . She asks that I be silent . (request )
Etymology 2
Apparently connected to the u at the end of unu ( “ one, a certain ” ) .
Suffix
-u
-one. (Ending of the individual correlatives .)
kiu ( “ what individual , who ” )
tiu ( “ that individual , that one ” )
ĉiu ( “ all individuals , everyone ” )
iu ( “ some individual , someone ” )
neniu ( “ no individual , nobody ” )
(unofficial) aliu ( “ another individual , someone else ” )
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *-w (as applied to stems ending in -e ). Cognate with Finnish -u .
Suffix
-u (genitive -u , partitive -u )
Derives nouns from verbs or prefixes
jagama "to divide" → jagu "a part, a share"
kaduma "to disappear" → kadu "loss, losing"
sise- "inside" → sisu "content"
pesema "to wash" → pesu "wash, washing"
Derived terms
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-u , from Proto-Uralic *-w (as applied to stems ending in -e ). Cognate with Estonian -u .
Suffix
-u (front vowel harmony variant -y , linguistic notation -U )
Forms nouns from verbs. Most common with e - and i -stem verbs.
hyppiä ( “ to be jumping ” ) + -u → hyppy ( “ jump ” )
itkeä ( “ to cry ” ) + -u → itku ( “ cry(ing) ” )
pestä ( “ to wash ” ) + -u → pesu ( “ wash(ing) ” )
potkia ( “ to kick ” ) + -u → potku ( “ kick ” )
urheilla ( “ to practice sport ” ) + -u → urheilu ( “ sport ” )
Derives a number of nouns from other nouns.
silmä ( “ eye ” ) + -u → silmu ( “ bud ” )
sisä- ( “ inside ” ) + -u → sisu ( “ determination, perseverance ” )
Usage notes
The front-harmonic variant -y is only used when the first vowel of the word is one of the harmonic front vowels -y- , -ä- , -ö- ; words beginning with neutral front vowels e, i take the back-harmonic variant.
Declension
Inflection of -u (Kotus type 1/valo , no gradation)
nominative
-u
-ut
genitive
-un
-ujen
partitive
-ua
-uja
illative
-uun
-uihin
singular
plural
nominative
-u
-ut
accusative
nom.
-u
-ut
gen.
-un
genitive
-un
-ujen
partitive
-ua
-uja
inessive
-ussa
-uissa
elative
-usta
-uista
illative
-uun
-uihin
adessive
-ulla
-uilla
ablative
-ulta
-uilta
allative
-ulle
-uille
essive
-una
-uina
translative
-uksi
-uiksi
abessive
-utta
-uitta
instructive
—
-uin
comitative
See the possessive forms below.
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-uni
-uni
accusative
nom.
-uni
-uni
gen.
-uni
genitive
-uni
-ujeni
partitive
-uani
-ujani
inessive
-ussani
-uissani
elative
-ustani
-uistani
illative
-uuni
-uihini
adessive
-ullani
-uillani
ablative
-ultani
-uiltani
allative
-ulleni
-uilleni
essive
-unani
-uinani
translative
-ukseni
-uikseni
abessive
-uttani
-uittani
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-usi
-usi
accusative
nom.
-usi
-usi
gen.
-usi
genitive
-usi
-ujesi
partitive
-uasi
-ujasi
inessive
-ussasi
-uissasi
elative
-ustasi
-uistasi
illative
-uusi
-uihisi
adessive
-ullasi
-uillasi
ablative
-ultasi
-uiltasi
allative
-ullesi
-uillesi
essive
-unasi
-uinasi
translative
-uksesi
-uiksesi
abessive
-uttasi
-uittasi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-umme
-umme
accusative
nom.
-umme
-umme
gen.
-umme
genitive
-umme
-ujemme
partitive
-uamme
-ujamme
inessive
-ussamme
-uissamme
elative
-ustamme
-uistamme
illative
-uumme
-uihimme
adessive
-ullamme
-uillamme
ablative
-ultamme
-uiltamme
allative
-ullemme
-uillemme
essive
-unamme
-uinamme
translative
-uksemme
-uiksemme
abessive
-uttamme
-uittamme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-unne
-unne
accusative
nom.
-unne
-unne
gen.
-unne
genitive
-unne
-ujenne
partitive
-uanne
-ujanne
inessive
-ussanne
-uissanne
elative
-ustanne
-uistanne
illative
-uunne
-uihinne
adessive
-ullanne
-uillanne
ablative
-ultanne
-uiltanne
allative
-ullenne
-uillenne
essive
-unanne
-uinanne
translative
-uksenne
-uiksenne
abessive
-uttanne
-uittanne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-unsa
-unsa
accusative
nom.
-unsa
-unsa
gen.
-unsa
genitive
-unsa
-ujensa
partitive
-uaan -uansa
-ujaan -ujansa
inessive
-ussaan -ussansa
-uissaan -uissansa
elative
-ustaan -ustansa
-uistaan -uistansa
illative
-uunsa
-uihinsa
adessive
-ullaan -ullansa
-uillaan -uillansa
ablative
-ultaan -ultansa
-uiltaan -uiltansa
allative
-ulleen -ullensa
-uilleen -uillensa
essive
-unaan -unansa
-uinaan -uinansa
translative
-ukseen -uksensa
-uikseen -uiksensa
abessive
-uttaan -uttansa
-uittaan -uittansa
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uineen -uinensa
Inflection of -u (Kotus type 2/palvelu , no gradation)
nominative
-u
-ut
genitive
-un
-ujen -uiden -uitten
partitive
-ua
-uja -uita
illative
-uun
-uihin
singular
plural
nominative
-u
-ut
accusative
nom.
-u
-ut
gen.
-un
genitive
-un
-ujen -uiden -uitten
partitive
-ua
-uja -uita
inessive
-ussa
-uissa
elative
-usta
-uista
illative
-uun
-uihin
adessive
-ulla
-uilla
ablative
-ulta
-uilta
allative
-ulle
-uille
essive
-una
-uina
translative
-uksi
-uiksi
abessive
-utta
-uitta
instructive
—
-uin
comitative
See the possessive forms below.
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-uni
-uni
accusative
nom.
-uni
-uni
gen.
-uni
genitive
-uni
-ujeni -uideni -uitteni
partitive
-uani
-ujani -uitani
inessive
-ussani
-uissani
elative
-ustani
-uistani
illative
-uuni
-uihini
adessive
-ullani
-uillani
ablative
-ultani
-uiltani
allative
-ulleni
-uilleni
essive
-unani
-uinani
translative
-ukseni
-uikseni
abessive
-uttani
-uittani
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-usi
-usi
accusative
nom.
-usi
-usi
gen.
-usi
genitive
-usi
-ujesi -uidesi -uittesi
partitive
-uasi
-ujasi -uitasi
inessive
-ussasi
-uissasi
elative
-ustasi
-uistasi
illative
-uusi
-uihisi
adessive
-ullasi
-uillasi
ablative
-ultasi
-uiltasi
allative
-ullesi
-uillesi
essive
-unasi
-uinasi
translative
-uksesi
-uiksesi
abessive
-uttasi
-uittasi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-umme
-umme
accusative
nom.
-umme
-umme
gen.
-umme
genitive
-umme
-ujemme -uidemme -uittemme
partitive
-uamme
-ujamme -uitamme
inessive
-ussamme
-uissamme
elative
-ustamme
-uistamme
illative
-uumme
-uihimme
adessive
-ullamme
-uillamme
ablative
-ultamme
-uiltamme
allative
-ullemme
-uillemme
essive
-unamme
-uinamme
translative
-uksemme
-uiksemme
abessive
-uttamme
-uittamme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-unne
-unne
accusative
nom.
-unne
-unne
gen.
-unne
genitive
-unne
-ujenne -uidenne -uittenne
partitive
-uanne
-ujanne -uitanne
inessive
-ussanne
-uissanne
elative
-ustanne
-uistanne
illative
-uunne
-uihinne
adessive
-ullanne
-uillanne
ablative
-ultanne
-uiltanne
allative
-ullenne
-uillenne
essive
-unanne
-uinanne
translative
-uksenne
-uiksenne
abessive
-uttanne
-uittanne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-unsa
-unsa
accusative
nom.
-unsa
-unsa
gen.
-unsa
genitive
-unsa
-ujensa -uidensa -uittensa
partitive
-uaan -uansa
-ujaan -uitaan -ujansa -uitansa
inessive
-ussaan -ussansa
-uissaan -uissansa
elative
-ustaan -ustansa
-uistaan -uistansa
illative
-uunsa
-uihinsa
adessive
-ullaan -ullansa
-uillaan -uillansa
ablative
-ultaan -ultansa
-uiltaan -uiltansa
allative
-ulleen -ullensa
-uilleen -uillensa
essive
-unaan -unansa
-uinaan -uinansa
translative
-ukseen -uksensa
-uikseen -uiksensa
abessive
-uttaan -uttansa
-uittaan -uittansa
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-uineen -uinensa
Derived terms
See also
French
Etymology
Inherited from Latin -ūtus .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-u
Forming adjectives having the sense of ‘having quality of, being provided with’ (the root word).
barbe ( “ beard ” ) + -u → barbu ( “ bearded ” )
ventre ( “ belly ” ) + -u → ventru ( “ pot-bellied, rounded ” )
Derived terms
References
^ -u, -ue ; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français , Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert
Gothic
Romanization
-u
Romanization of -𐌿
Greenlandic
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Pronunciation
Suffix
-u (n-v? , truncative? , uses -j- as interfix? )
be
ilinniartitsisoq ( “ teacher ” ) -> ilinniartitsisiuu vugut ( “ we are teachers ” ) .
Ukiuu voq.
It is winter.
1992 , “Meeqqakka ”, in Atuagagdliutit/Grønlandsposten :Ernerput anguteqatiminoortartunngorsimavoq (19-inik ukioqarluni paasineqarpoq), niviarsiararlu nukarleq arnaqatiminoortartunngorsimalluni. Akulleq pissusissamisoortuu voq. Our son has become gay (it was discovered when he was 19 years old), and the youngest girl has become a lesbian. The middle is as she should be .
Usage notes
May become additive after a strong q base.
References
Bjørnum, S.: Grønlandsk Grammatik , p. 275. Atuagkat 2003.
Vestgrønlands Grammatik , p. 81, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
-u in Katersat
Hungarian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Pronunciation
Suffix
-u
( diminutive suffix ) Added to a noun or a proper noun to form a diminutive .
apa ( “ father ” ) → apu ( “ dad ” )
Derived terms
See also
Ido
Etymology
Common vowel found in pronouns in Romance languages: French tu , Italian tu and Spanish tú , also in French vous and as an o in Italian voi and Spanish vos , etc. (Compare tu and vu )
Suffix
-u
suffix used to form pronouns indicating a person
omna ( “ all, every ” ) + -u → omnu ( “ everyone ” )
Usage notes
As it is used to form pronouns, you cannot use it to create nouns. Instead, to form an agent from an adjective like felica ( “ happy ” ) , you just make it a noun: felico ( “ a happy person ” ) .
Derived terms
Latin
Suffix
-ū
ablative / locative singular of -us for fourth-declension nouns.
Maltese
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Arabic ـهُ ( -hu ) .
Suffix
-u
3rd-person masculine singular pronominal suffix : his , him
Synonym: tiegħu ( only in possessive use )
sħab ( “ friends ” ) + -u → sħabu ( “ his friends ” )
taħt ( “ under ” ) + -u → taħtu ( “ under him ” )
jinsa ( “ he forgets ” ) + -u → jinsieh ( “ he forgets him ” )
Related terms
Maori
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Suffix
-u
Used in contractions with particles of possession to mean you
See also
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Etymology 1
From Proto-Samic *-ō . Cognate with Finnish -o .
Suffix
-u
Forms result or action nouns from verbs.
Usage notes
This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
Derived terms
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Suffix
-u
Form of the suffix -i used with verbs in -ut .
Usage notes
This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
Derived terms
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From suppletive fusion of Old English feminine ending -u , -o and Proto-Germanic *-į̄ ( “ feminine abstract ending ” ) . Akin to Gothic feminine abstracts in -𐌴𐌹 ( -ei ) (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 ( mikilei , “ greatness ” ) ; 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 ( diupei , “ depth ” ) ).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-u f
ending used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (compare Modern English -ness ), often causing i-mutation, and remaining even when preceded by a long syllable
eald ( “ old ” ) + -u → ieldu ( “ age ” )
hāliġ ( “ holy, sacred; pious ” ) + -u → hāligu ( “ holiness ” )
hāl ( “ sound, healthy, intact ” ) + -u → hǣlu ( “ wholeness, health ” )
hāt ( “ hot ” ) + -u → hǣtu ( “ heat, warmth ” )
mennisc ( “ human, natural, humane ” ) + -u → menniscu ( “ humanity ” )
miċel ( “ big, large; great ” ) + -u → miċelu ( “ greatness, size ” )
Usage notes
In later Old English, -u became -o and the declension altered to reflect the following paradigm
Declension
Declension of -u (strong ō-stem)
Derived terms
Old French
Etymology
From Latin -ūtus .
Suffix
-u
suffixed used to form adjectives (oblique masculine singular) from nouns
Derived terms
Descendants
Phalura
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Pronunciation
Suffix
-u
Masculine singular agreement suffix
References
Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011 ) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7) , Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Pronunciation
Suffix
-u
Masculine nominative/singular agreement suffix
References
Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011 ) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7) , Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Polish
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /u/
Rhymes: -u
Syllabification: u
Suffix
-u
( sometimes archaic ) forms the masculine dative singular, now used to create adverbs , always used in conjunction with po
polski + -u → po polsku
forms the inanimate masculine genitive singular after soft or historically soft stems
kowal + -u → kowalu
( rare ) forms the masculine dative singular in certain words
chłopiec + -u → chłopcu
forms the masculine locative singular
kowal + -u → kowalu
forms the masculine vocative singular
kowal + -u → kowalu
forms the feminine vocative singular after -ś and -ź
mamusia + -u → mamusiu
forms the neuter dative singular in soft and velar stems
pole + -u → polu
stoisko + -u → stoisku
forms the neuter locative singular in soft and velar stems
pole + -u → polu
stoisko + -u → stoisku
Derived terms
Further reading
-u in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Turkish
preceding vowel
A / I
E / İ
O / U
Ö / Ü
-ı
-i
-u
-ü
Etymology 1
Accusative suffix.
Suffix
-u
Form of -i after the vowels O / U .
doktor ( “ doctor ” ) + -u → doktoru
Etymology 2
Possessive suffix.
Suffix
-u
Form of -i after the vowels O / U .
pantolon ( “ pants ” ) + -u → pantolonu ( “ his/her pants ” )
Etymology 3
Derivative suffix.
Suffix
-u
Form of -i after the vowels O / U .
Derives nouns from verbs.
duy- ( “ to feel, to sense ” ) + -u → duyu ( “ sense ” )
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh -u , from Proto-Brythonic *-oβ̃ .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-u
Forms verbnouns from verb stems.
Synonyms: -a , -ed , -eg , -i , -o , -io
Usage notes
This suffix is mostly used where the vowel in the last syllable is a , ae , e , or y .
Derived terms
References