-val

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Estonian

Suffix

-val

  1. adessive singular of -v

Hungarian

Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
ed suffix who? what? this that he/she
(it)*
case v. pr. c.
nom. ki mi ez az ő* / -∅
az / -∅
acc. -t / -ot /
-at / -et / -öt
kit mit ezt azt őt* / -∅
azt / -∅
c1
c2
dat. -nak / -nek kinek minek ennek annak neki neki- c
ins. -val / -vel kivel mivel ezzel/
evvel
azzal/
avval
vele c
c-f. -ért kiért miért ezért azért érte c
tra. -vá / -vé kivé mivé ezzé azzá c
ter. -ig meddig eddig addig c
e-f. -ként (kiként) (miként) ekként akként c
e-m. -ul / -ül c
ine. -ban / -ben kiben miben ebben abban benne c
sup. -n/-on/-en/-ön kin min ezen azon rajta (rajta-) c
ade. -nál / -nél kinél minél ennél annál nála c
ill. -ba / -be kibe mibe ebbe abba bele bele- c
sub. -ra / -re kire mire erre arra rá- c
all. -hoz/-hez/-höz kihez mihez ehhez ahhoz hozzá hozzá- c
el. -ból / -ből kiből miből ebből abból belőle c
del. -ról / -ről kiről miről erről arról róla c
abl. -tól / -től kitől mitől ettől attól tőle c
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be
construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic. Cognate with Northern Mansi -ыл (-yl).

Pronunciation

Suffix

-val/-vel (instrumental case suffix)

  1. with, by
    hajó (ship) + ‎-val → ‎hajóval (by ship)

Usage notes

  • (instrumental case suffix) Variants:
    -val is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    anya (mother)Anyával mentem vásárolni.I went to shop with Mother.
    -vel is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
    zene (music)Zenével szórakoztatta a vendégeket.He entertained the guests with music.
  • When it is added to a word ending in a consonant, the v assimilates to the final consonant, and the final consonant becomes long:
    busz (bus) + ‎-val → ‎busszal (by bus) (unassimilated forms like buszval are nonstandard, occurring in some dialects)
    segítség (help) + ‎-vel → ‎segítséggel (with help)

See also