-ение

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic -ньѥ (-nĭje), from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

• IPA^(key):

-е́ние • (-énie)

1. -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

• IPA^(key):

-е́ние • (-énie)

1. -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)

• -еніе (-enije) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
• -е́нье (-énʹje)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

• -е́ние: IPA^(key):
• -ение: IPA^(key):

-е́ние or -ение • (-énije or -enije)

1. -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)

   ‎отчи́слить (otčíslitʹ, “to deduct, to dismiss”) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎отчисле́ние (otčislénije, “deduction, dismissal”)

   ‎порази́ть (porazítʹ, “to defeat”) (past passive participle поражённый (poražónnyj)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎пораже́ние (poražénije, “defeat”)

   ‎прови́деть (provídetʹ, “to foresee”) (past passive participle прови́денный (provídennyj)) + ‎-ение (-enije) → ‎прови́дение (provídenije, “foresight”)

   ‎прови́деть (provídetʹ, “to foresee”) (past passive participle прови́денный (provídennyj)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎провиде́ние (providénije, “Providence”)

   ‎обсуди́ть (obsudítʹ, “to discuss”) (past passive participle обсуждённый (obsuždjónnyj)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎обсужде́ние (obsuždénije, “discussion”)

   ‎напра́вить (naprávitʹ, “to direct”) (past passive participle напра́вленный (naprávlennyj)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎направле́ние (napravlénije, “direction”)

   ‎расти́ (rastí, “to grow, to sprout”) (third person singular растёт (rastjót)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎расте́ние (rasténije, “plant”)

   ‎течь (tečʹ, “to flow”) (third person singular течёт (tečót)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎тече́ние (tečénije, “current, flow”)

   ‎сжечь (sžečʹ, “to burn up”) (third person singular сожжёт (sožžót)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎сожже́ние (sožžénije, “burning up”)

   ‎уме́ть (umétʹ, “to be able”) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎уме́ние (uménije, “ability”)

• The stress is usually drawn onto the suffix (e.g. отчисле́ние (otčislénije) from отчи́слить (otčíslitʹ)), but occasionally not (e.g. прови́дение (provídenije) from прови́деть (provídetʹ)).
• This suffix is generally used only for verbs whose past passive participle ends in -енный (-ennyj) or -ённый (-jónnyj); verbs whose past passive participle ends in -анный (-annyj) normally use -ание (-anije), and verbs whose past passive participle ends in -тый (-tyj) normally use -тие (-tije).
• The stem preceding the suffix is modified in the same way as for the past passive participle; in particular, the stem normally becomes iotated, and in cases where the stem iotates irregularly in the past passive participle (e.g. -жд- (-žd-) instead of -ж- (-ž-), or -щ- (-šč-) instead of -ч- (-č-)), the same irregularities are observed before -е́ние (-énije).
• Note that even intransitive verbs without a past passive participle form abstract nouns in -е́ние (-énije). For such verbs of class 4 and 5 (which end in -ить (-itʹ) and -еть (-etʹ) respectively), use the stem as found in the first person singular. For such verbs of class 7 and 8 (which end in such verbs in -ти́ (-tí), -сть (-stʹ), -зть (-ztʹ) and -чь (-čʹ)), use the stem as found in the third person singular.

• -ание (-anije), -анье (-anʹje)