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Cayuse word list:
Hale (1846)
A word list of Cayuse with nearby 200 lexical items was documented by Horatio Hale (1846: 570-629). The word list has been reproduced below.[1]
Nouns
| gloss |
Cayuse
|
| man |
yúant
|
| woman |
pintχlkaíu; watχlóa
|
| boy |
láutlaŋ
|
| girl |
staítχləŋ; staítlaŋ
|
| infant; child |
skútχla
|
| father |
pintét; títʃa
|
| mother |
penín; nínʃa
|
| husband |
ináiu
|
| wife |
inχlkaío
|
| son |
wái
|
| daughter |
wái
|
| brother |
pnákən; pənátaŋ
|
| sister |
pənátiaŋ; pənwaíəq
|
| Indian; people |
-
|
| head |
talʃ; táəlʃ
|
| hair |
tχlókomot
|
| face |
léequkʃ
|
| forehead |
penátχliʃ
|
| ear |
takʃ
|
| eye |
hăkaməʃ
|
| nose |
pitχlóken
|
| mouth |
səmqakʃ
|
| tongue |
puʃ
|
| teeth |
tenif
|
| beard |
ʃimkéməʃ
|
| neck |
yet
|
| arm |
tiélaq
|
| hand |
épip
|
| fingers |
épip
|
| nails |
ʃíŋiʃ
|
| body |
ʃilăməʃ
|
| leg |
maúwət
|
| foot |
tiʃ
|
| toes |
tiyəyáu
|
| bone |
pápət
|
| heart |
-
|
| blood |
tiwéə̈ʃ
|
| town; village |
-
|
| chief |
iatóiaŋ
|
| warrior |
lotéwa
|
| friend |
enlápoit
|
| house |
niʃt
|
| kettle |
tχlípaniʃ
|
| bow |
hífoit
|
| arrow |
lalχ
|
| axe; hatchet |
yeŋgókinʃ
|
| knife |
ʃekt
|
| canoe; boat |
tχláap
|
| shoes |
täítχlo
|
| pipe |
iptnχlónʃ
|
| tobacco |
hanʃ
|
| sky; heaven |
ndjălawaía, tíŋpap
|
| sun |
huéwiʃ
|
| moon |
hátχltóp
|
| star |
tχlítχliʃ
|
| day |
ewéiə̈
|
| night |
ftalp
|
| light |
notawásim
|
| darkness |
ʃilímtiŋk
|
| morning |
tétχlpəna
|
| evening |
wəχaía
|
| spring |
ʃuatoluŋátntiŋ; kiátim
|
| summer |
ʃqáätim
|
| autumn |
təŋ
|
| winter |
wit
|
| wind |
húntilχp
|
| thunder |
tiŋtululutéʃin
|
| lightning |
ʃniktawíŋtiŋ
|
| rain |
tiʃtkitχlmítiŋ
|
| snow |
pói
|
| hail |
puŋiós
|
| fire |
tetʃ
|
| water |
iʃkáiniʃ
|
| ice |
tók
|
| earth; land |
liŋʃ
|
| sea |
yamué-iʃkaíniʃ
|
| river |
luʃmi
|
| lake |
fuŋʃ
|
| valley |
paniákp
|
| hill; mountain |
téit
|
| island |
liŋtkaíli
|
| stone |
ápit
|
| salt |
kamtiʃímpen
|
| iron |
qauqauítχliínik
|
| tree |
laúik
|
| wood |
hútiʃ
|
| leaf |
qaisós
|
| bark |
pétimi
|
| grass |
tχleft; qə́ïʃt
|
| pine |
laúikʃ
|
| flesh; meat |
pítχli
|
| dog |
náapaŋ
|
| buffalo |
-
|
| bear |
liméakʃ; nokoláo
|
| wolf |
tχlaíu; tsóilaχs
|
| deer |
aitχléwa
|
| elk |
yútiŋʃ
|
| beaver |
pīeká
|
| tortoise |
atsík
|
| fly |
tqaínʃiʃ; katχlísaŋ
|
| mosquito |
píŋkii
|
| snake |
waíimaʃ
|
| bird |
tianíyiwa
|
| egg |
lópitχl
|
| feathers |
tiaqaímutχl
|
| wings |
haŋ
|
| duck |
əʃimtχl
|
| pigeon |
súuku
|
| fish |
wiaíiʃ
|
| salmon |
milóqli
|
| sturgeon |
-
|
| name |
peʃp
|
| affection |
atíŋp; tiʃktaʃewetáuŋko
|
Adjectives
| gloss |
Cayuse
|
| white |
tχlaktχláko
|
| black |
ʃkupʃkúpu
|
| red |
lakaítlakaítu
|
| blue |
yotsyóts
|
| yellow |
qəʃqə́ʃu
|
| green |
yotsyóts
|
| great |
yaúmua; yiyímu (pl.)
|
| small |
etsáŋua
|
| strong |
ntáloa; naantáloa
|
| old |
kuiátsu
|
| young |
itsáŋu
|
| good |
suaíu; sasuáiu (pl.)
|
| bad |
luastu; laluástu (pl.)
|
| handsome |
hapútsu; suaíu
|
| ugly |
huástu
|
| alive |
wióko
|
| dead |
úwaa
|
| cold |
ʃúŋa
|
| warm |
lokóia
|
Pronouns
| gloss |
Cayuse
|
| I |
íniŋ
|
| thou |
nikí
|
| he |
nip
|
| we |
námək
|
| ye |
mkímiʃ; nkímiʃ (dual)
|
| they |
nípik
|
| this |
qe, qă, ke
|
| that |
qá, ká
|
| all |
naŋináo
|
| many (much) |
yíphea
|
| who |
iʃ
|
Adverbs and others
| gloss |
Cayuse
|
| near |
piáfi
|
| today |
páməŋ
|
| yesterday |
iétin
|
| tomorrow |
tetχlp
|
| yes |
i
|
| no |
téehu
|
Numerals
| gloss |
Cayuse
|
| one |
na
|
| two |
lépli
|
| three |
mátnin
|
| four |
pípiŋ
|
| five |
táwit
|
| six |
nōiná
|
| seven |
nóilip
|
| eight |
nōimát
|
| nine |
tanáuiaiʃímʃim
|
| ten |
niŋítelp
|
| eleven |
nántetχle
|
| twelve |
leplin-ntétχle
|
| twenty |
lépuik
|
| thirty |
mátuík
|
| one hundred |
niŋítalpuík
|
| one thousand |
-
|
Verbs
| gloss |
Cayuse
|
| to eat |
pitáŋa
|
| to drink |
pasqunstáŋa
|
| to run |
pqíntuql
|
| to dance |
iókseak
|
| to sing |
tuŋséaql
|
| to sleep |
ʃpíʃiŋql
|
| to speak |
úlipkin
|
| to see |
miskaléntənt
|
| to love |
ktáʃo
|
| to kill |
piaíitχltiŋ
|
| to sit |
ifníql; ifníkta
|
| to stand |
laútsiŋ
|
| to go |
wintúkstaŋa; wintúql (imp.)
|
| to come |
wintúkum
|
References