Chimariko word list from Dixon (1910):[1]
The following English-Chimariko and Chimariko-English vocabulary is based on Roland Dixon's notes. To these are added materials from the following sources.
Words marked with an asterisk, *, are from Powers' Tribes of California, pages 474-477, slightly transcribed to conform to the present orthography.
Words marked with a dagger, †, were obtained by Dixon, but are given in identical form by Powers, allowing for the fact that Powers does not distinguish k and q and writes no glottal catches.
Words in parentheses, ( ), were obtained by Dr. A. L. Kroeber from the informant Friday in 1902.
Words in brackets, , are from Doctor Tom, an old feeble-minded Chimariko at Hupa, in 1901 and 1902. Many of the more common words, having been obtained by Dr. Kroeber in a form identical with that recorded by Dixon, are not separately given.
Words marked with § were obtained by Dr. P. E. Goddard from Mrs. Noble, a daughter of Mrs. Dyer, in 1902. A considerable number of other words also obtained by Dr. Goddard, in a form identical with that recorded by Dr. Kroeber or the writer, are not specially marked.
(Incorporates public-domain text from Dixon 1910)
English gloss | Chimariko |
---|---|
abalone | sulhim |
abandon | -txax- |
accompany | -sim- |
acorn | yūtri, (tcxnpun) |
acorn (black oak) | |
acorn bread | tcĕneu |
acorn meal (leached) | pāci |
acorn meal (unleached) | yōma |
acorn-soaking place | matcīya |
acorn soup | hâpēu |
acorn (shelled) | ihitci |
across-stream | tcem-da |
again | (tabum) |
alder | pakto’ᴇna |
alive | -mamat- |
all | (kumitcin) † |
alone | pola |
angry | -awè- |
ankle | hi-kxanlèdĕ, hi-txanlede |
ant (black) | pèlo’a |
ant (red) | t’amitcxul |
antlers | ho-wec |
anus | hi-wi |
arm | hi-tanpu, , hi-tcanpo* |
armpit | cilēitcūmuni |
armor | t’ummi |
arrow | sa’a |
arrow flaker | atcibuksa |
arrowpoint | qāku |
ashes | matripxa, matripa |
aunt (paternal) | ulūida-i (?) |
aunt (maternal) | mālai-i, mūtala-i |
autumn | asōdiwukni, nomatci* |
awl | cibui |
axe | haimuksa, hamuktcu* |
baby | xarŭlla, xalŭla, (xalala), halalla* |
back | hi-mina |
bad | xuli, holi-ta* |
bark (of tree) | hi-pxadji, hi-patci* |
to bark | wowoin |
basket-hat | haōmiŭksa (haamiaktca) |
basket (burden) | sangen, (eānkeen) |
basket (cooking) | poquela |
basket (mortar) | hā’eu |
basket (open tray) | powa |
basket (sifting) | atanisuk |
basket (spoon) | kalŭwĕè |
basket (storage) | (opumaktca) |
basket (tray) | p’unna |
bat | tcemxatcila |
bachelor | puntsariĕcku, ōĕlŭlla |
beads (disk) | mendrahĕ |
bear (black) | tcisamra, (djicamla), , tcisamrha* |
bear (grizzly) | pâdju, (potcu) |
beard | (hu-putcu-n-xame), , o-putcun-hama* |
beaver | wisilla |
bed | hatciinarutsa |
beetle | qō’a |
belly | hu-trunèu, (hu-tceneu), u-tcuniwa* |
belt | hi-ca’amatat |
to bend | -koru- |
bird | (di’la), tirha* |
bitter | hemūdadjan |
black | tcĕlēi, tceli-t* |
blackberry | xamoana |
blackbird | tira-cela, tēila-tcele |
blanket | tcitxa |
to bleed | södrè- |
blind | -sukxomen, -xosanmun |
blood | sötri, citrqi, sitsö* |
to blow | -hus-, -xuc-, -kos-, -xu- |
blue (?—cf. blood) | sötĕ’i |
bluebird | ipūitella |
bluejay | tsokokotce |
board | ho’ĕu |
to boil | -potpot-, -dum- |
bone | hu-txun |
born | -dah- |
bow | xâpunĕu |
boy | itrilla, itcila † |
brain | hi-ni |
to break | -kat-, -tcex-, -xötös- |
breast | hu-si* |
breast (woman’s) | sī’lēye, sirhaf †, |
to breathe | -saxut- |
to bring | -hak-, -hek- |
brother | ulūida |
brother-in-law | meku-i |
buckeye | yonot |
buckskin | tcirhuntol |
to burn | -ni-, -maa- |
to bury | -tot- |
butterfly | tsamila |
button | hi-punaktca |
buzzard | tcètcèi |
by and by | punuslala, xani, tamini |
to call | -kō-, -kokō- |
cane | hutatat |
canoe | mūtumma, motuma* |
to carry | -mai-, -ham-, -qi-, -xŭ- |
caterpillar | xawin, qawin |
cats-cradle | axādēu |
cedar | hâtsinaktca, hâtinaktsana |
chair | hi-woanadatsa |
chaparral | puktca’ᴇna, axacna |
cheek | hu-tananundjatun |
to chew | -tcatci- |
chief | itra-xai-dēu, itci-haitie* |
Chimariko | (tcimaliko) |
chin | tsuna, wĕtu |
chipmunk | pipila, wisilla (?) |
civet cat | kakesmillaᵉ |
to clap hands | -putata |
clean | mata’i |
to clear (weather) | -tcemux- |
to climb | -ar- |
clock | ixodaktca |
cloud | hawēdam, , (awatamaxni) |
clover | kâtcu |
coals | kōwa |
cold | eco-, (xatsa), eso-ta* |
comb | tanatci |
to comb | -kma- |
to comb | -watok-, -wok-, -owak |
to cough | -sax- |
cousin | antxala-i |
country | ama |
coyote | tcitindōsa, (maidjandela), |
cradle | wentcu |
crane | kisum, kâsar |
crayfish | trxol |
crooked | p’qĕlĕ’in |
crow | wa’da, wa’la |
to cry | -wo- |
cup and ball | hītcumūdadehu |
to cut | -kut-, -lolo- |
to dance | -samxu- |
daughter | masola-i, maisula-i* |
daughter-in-law | tcu-simda |
day | assĕ,† |
deaf | hukēnan |
deep | tcuxunmin (?) |
deer | ā’a, aa* |
deer (buck) | (xuwetci) |
deer (doe) | (yetcawe) |
deer brush | qapuna |
deer trap | haxaktca |
to dent | -kxol-, -tran- |
dentalia | hatcidri, t’ödödöhi |
“devil” (prob. sorcerer) | himisanto, (himisamtu) |
dew | qoido |
to die | -qè- |
to dig | -po-, -tsik- |
digging-stick | tsunana |
to dip up | -hedo- (?) |
dirty | tcelĕ’in |
to dismount | -ap- |
dog | citcella, sitcela † |
door | wĕssa |
dove | yūura |
downwards | tranmida |
down stream | wisèda |
to drag | -tcxē- |
dragonfly | hitcinemnem |
to dream | -maka- |
to drink | lū- |
to drive | -sik- |
to drop | -lul-, -lus-, -lurim- |
to drown | -tcuk- (?) |
drum | hisamquni |
dry | atcxumni |
duck | xaxatcèi, hahatce* (= mallard) |
dull | tono’i |
dust | matcitsxol, matrepa |
eagle | wemer, tcāwitcau, (djāwidjau) |
ear | hi-sam, hi-cam* |
earth | † |
earthquake | amitcxamut |
east | up stream, waida, (waida) |
to eat | -ama-, -ma- |
eddy | apenmaspoi |
eel (lamprey) | tsāwa |
egg | anōqai, amoka* |
eight | xodaitcibum, hotaitcipum |
elder tree | tcitcxöi |
eleven | pundrāsut, saānpun punlasut |
elk | ā’eno, aanok* |
empty | hutcolanan |
evening | himok* |
everything | patcimam (?) |
excrement | hi-wax |
eye | hu-sot, hu-cot* |
eyebrow | hu-sotnimi |
eyelashes | hu-sunsa |
face | hi-suma* |
to fall | -man-, -mo-, -klu- |
fat (n.) | pī’a |
fat (adj.) | -xu- |
father | itcila-i † |
father-in-law | tcu-maku |
feather | hu-to, hi-mi † |
fern | tèutèuna |
to fight | -tcxua- |
to find | -mat- |
finger | hi-ta, hi-tra, (hi-tca), hi-tcanka* |
fingernail | bolaxot, (bulaxut) |
fir | kīpi’ina, (kimpina) |
fire | ā’pu, apu* |
to make fire | -cekta-, hatsir |
fire-drill | apū’ᴇna, hâtsiktca |
fire-drill base | apū’natxui |
fireplace | akamina ā’pu |
fish line | hook, hamamēgutca |
fish net | atcxū |
fish trap | weir, tsāt |
fisher | qèpxamitcèi |
five | tsānehe, tranĕhĕ |
to fix | -mu- |
flat | river-bench, maitra |
flea | t’amina |
to float | -kim- (?) |
floor | wèboqām |
flower | atrēi |
fly | mūsaswa, mūsotri, mosotce* |
to fly | -tu- |
fog | āptum |
to follow | -sum- |
food | hāmeu |
foot | hu-po † |
forehead | hi-mosni,† |
to forget | -xomē- |
four | qūigu, qōigu |
fox | tcitcamŭlla, apxantcolla, haura* |
friend | , imi-mut (=love) |
frog | qâtus, (axantcibot) |
full | hitcolam |
to gamble | -wemtso- |
girl | puntsŭla, puntcalla* |
to give | -hak- (?), awu-t* |
to go | -a-, -wam-, -waum-, -wawum-, -owa- |
good | hisikni, (hisiki-), hisi-ta* |
goose | lâlo, lalo* |
gooseberry | tselina |
gopher | yūmatc |
grandfather (paternal) | xāwila-i |
grandson | himolla-i |
grass | hawunna, (āwuna), kotcu* |
grass-game | hēumakutca |
grasshopper | tsatur, tsatul |
grass-seed | qōmma |
green | himamto, (īmamcu), himamsu-t* |
grouse | himimitcēi |
to grow | -itri- |
hair | hi-ma † |
hand | hi-ta, hi-tra, hi-tca* |
to hang | -kim- |
happy (?) | tcumidan |
hard | tcaxi |
hawk | yĕkyĕk, pētcxol |
hazel | hecigo |
he | hamut |
head | hi-ma † |
to hear | -kē- |
heart | hu-sā’antcēi, (hu-santcei), u-santce* |
heavy (?) | tcumidan |
heel | inōŏkta§ |
hemlock | xutcxu |
here | this side of stream, kĕntcuk |
to hiccup | lē- |
to hide | -txat- |
high | hitcūᴇni |
to hit | -at- |
to hold | -imu- |
honey | hūwūanŭkai§ |
hornet | husū |
hot | elo-, (eloxni), elo-ta* |
house | āwa † |
how long | far, qâitcu |
how many | qâtala |
how often | qătramdun |
hummingbird | qērektce, trēlektcēi |
to be hungry | -ame-, -amemtu- |
Hupa person | hitcxū |
Hupa place | hitcwāmai |
Hyampom people | maitroktada hitcuāmai |
i | nōut |
ice | hatcen, atci* |
intestines | hi-pxa |
into | xunoi (?) |
to jump | -tudu |
to keep | -kut- |
to kick | -mitci- =with foot |
to kill | -ko- |
kingfisher | tsādadak |
knee | hi-txanimaxa, |
to kneel | -komat- (?) |
knife | tcisili, tcididi, tceselli* |
to know | -trahu- |
ladder | ha’amputni |
lake | tcitaha |
lame | hōakta-xolik |
large | trèwu-t, (djewu), tceu-t* |
to laugh | -yatci- † |
leaf | hi-taxai, tahalwi* |
left hand | xuli-teni |
leg | hi-txan, hi-tal* |
to lick | -pen-, -hen- |
to lie on ground | -tcu |
light | tcxalĕn |
lightning | itckasĕlxun, hitckeselsel-ta* |
to like | -mi’inan- |
to listen | -cem- |
liver (?) | hu-ci. See breast |
lizard | taktcel |
lizard (red) | hīminiduktsa |
log | sâmu |
long | hitcun |
long ago | cul, cur, , (dilamda) |
to lose | -licxu-, lülüxē- |
low | hutculan (?) |
madrone | ētxolna, , (hetcxolna) |
to make | -xai- |
man | itri, itci* |
many | much, ĕta, (hitat), itat* |
manzanita | tcitcana, tcitci |
manzanita-cider | tcitciaqai |
maple | trūpxadji’ina, ipxadji’ina |
to marry | -tcum- |
marten | xunēri, qāpam |
to mash | -lot- |
meat (dried) | pititcxun |
to meet | -hayaqom- |
milk | cīra, ci’ila |
mink | hunēri (?—see marten) |
mistletoe | hâkilasaqam |
moccasin | pa, ipa † |
mole | tsabokor, xosanmu |
moon | hīmen ălla,† |
morning | himetasur, himetacus* |
morning star | munoiĕta |
mortar | kā’a |
mosquito | tsĕlēye |
moss | hikīina |
mother | cido-i, sito-i* |
mother-in-law | tcu-makosa |
mountain | awu,† aumiya, |
mountain-lion | tcerāsmu, |
mouse | pusudr |
mouth | ha-wa,† |
mud | lâdido |
narrow | xē’iren |
navel | ho-napu |
nest | hemut |
nephew | micaku-i, himolla-i |
nest | hemut |
new | amaninhu |
niece | himolla-i |
night | hime, himokni, |
nine | puntcigu |
no | pātcigun, (pātcikun), patcut* |
to nod | -pukim-, -pupul- |
noon | hīmoqanan |
north (west?) | xunoida |
nose | ho-xu |
nowhere | amaidātciku |
oak (black) | mūne’ᴇna, (munena) |
oak (live) | hepūitci’ina (hepetcina) |
oak (poison) | xaxecna |
oak (tan-bark) | yūtxūina |
oak (white) | yaqāna |
oats (wild) | aqĕdēu |
ocean | aquarēda, aka-tceta* |
old | xawini, hahawin-ta* |
old maid | itrīdŭsku, amālŭlla |
old man | itrincŭlla |
old woman | cunhŭlla |
one | pun, p’un |
onion | sāpxi |
orphan | tcisumula |
otter | ĕxoitcēi, |
outside | himinatce (?) |
owl | tcukutcei, hâra |
paddle | hiāsmaigutca |
“pain” | qēhewa |
to paint | -poxolxol- |
to pay | -daigu- |
penis | hi-pel, |
pepperwood | watcel |
person | tcimar,† tcimal, , (tcimal) |
pestle | tcesundan |
pigeon | yanunūwa, yanunwa* |
to pinch | -puimuk- |
pine (digger) | hatc’hō, hatco, ᴇna |
pine (sugar) | haqēwinda |
pine (sugar | cones), (haqeu), |
pine (yellow) | xōsu, hosu* |
pipe | onīpa † |
pitch | āno’a |
to play | -pim- |
to poke | -pat- |
poor | xodalan |
potato (wild) | sāwu, qāwal, ā’asawi, sanna |
to pour | -qo- |
pretty | siga |
to pull | -tcxet-, -tcxa- |
to push | -whek- |
quail (mountain) | pisor, pisol |
quail (valley) | qadakin pisor |
quickly | welmu welèni, luredja |
quiver | hâsusakta |
rabbit (cottontail) | hīwinolam |
rabbit (jack) | hēmoxola, emoholla* |
raccoon | yĕtō’a, |
rain | hītak, itak-ta* |
rainbow | trexanmatcxū |
rat | patusu |
rattle (split) | hĕmuimektsa |
rattle (cocoon) | pātcxal |
rattlesnake | qāwu, kawu-tcane* |
to recover | -nook- |
red | wili’ī, wili-t* |
redwood | mutumana |
to remember | -xutaxun- |
rich | hitam, -hada- |
right hand | hisi-dĕni |
ripe | hōmat |
river | aqaqot |
to roast | -maq- |
robin | srīto, cītra |
roe | hi-txaiyi |
to roll | -k- |
root | ātci |
rope | atcxundĕ |
rough | nodaduhni |
round | nolle |
to rub | -xiaxe- |
to run | -mum- |
salmon | ūmul, omul* |
salmon (dog) | (djeida) |
salmon (hook-bill) | (bitcoqolmu) |
salmon (red) | masomas |
salmon (steelhead) | (acotno-umul) |
salmon (summer) | (umul-tcani) |
salmon (dried | crumbled), tsamma |
salmon-river people | hūnomitcku |
salmon-trout | heetsama |
salt | aqi, aki* |
sand | amayāqa |
sarvisberry | tcimiana |
saw | hī-uxigutca |
to say | -pa, -patci- |
scorpion (?—see crayfish) | tcisitcin, txol |
to scowl | -suta- |
to scrape | -xēdo- |
to scratch | -kirkir-, -xolgo- |
to see | -mam- |
to sell | -tciwa- |
seven | xâkuspom, qâqicpom |
shade | qatrāta |
to shake | -lucluc- |
shallow | txodĕhunmi |
shaman | tcōwu, (tcūu) |
sharp | cupui |
shell | ĕxèu |
shell (conical) | tcanapa |
to shiver | -nini- |
to shoot | -pū- |
short | xūitculan |
shoulder | hi-ta |
to sing | -tak- |
sister (older) | antxasa-i |
sister-in-law | maxā-i |
to sit | -tcit-, -wo-, -pat- |
six | p’untcibum, p’untcpom |
skin | hi-pxadji |
skirt (woman’s) | hiĕktcandēu (?), ōxwai |
skunk | pxicira, |
sky | tcĕmu † |
slave | habukēdēu |
to sleep | -po- |
to slide | -sâp-, -sâpho- |
sling | hi-mīgutca |
to slip | -klu- |
slowly | xowēnila |
small | ulēta |
smoke | qē |
to smoke | -pa- |
smoke hole | āpotcitpidaktca |
smooth | lūyuin |
snail | nixetai |
snake (king) | mamusi |
to sneeze | -ninxu- |
to snore | -xâtudu |
snow | hipūi, hipue* |
snowshoes | hīpui īpa, panna |
soft | lo’oren |
something | pātceamkū |
son | oĕlla-i, oalla-i* |
son-in-law | itcumda |
soot | nagotpi |
sour | qoiyŏin |
south | qadaida |
spear | hâsunwedēu |
spear (fish) | hohankutēu, altar |
spider | kwanpūtcikta |
spiderweb | kō’okoda |
to spill | -qox- |
to spit | -haihu- |
to split | -bis- |
spoon | wĕcnaqalne, sāpxel |
spotted | lētretrē |
a spring | cidŭlla, (aqa-xatsa) |
spring | kisumatci, kicumatci* |
square | hoqatā’ᴇni |
to squeeze | -tci- |
squirrel (gray) | akwēcur, |
squirrel (ground) | ta’ira |
to stand | -hoa-, -hâ- |
star | munu, mono* |
star (falling) | munūtumni |
to stay | -wo-, -wom- |
to steal | -xadj- |
stepfather | matrida |
to stink | -mitcxu- |
stone | qā’a, kaa* |
to stop | -txa- |
straight | hādohan |
to strike | -tcut- |
striped | qisöi, ēxaduqisman |
strong | pala |
sturgeon | (umul-itcawa) |
sucker | hētcespula |
summer | ahānmatci, ahenmatci* |
sun | alla,† ŭlla, |
sunflower seed | tcintcēi |
sunrise | ĕxatatkun |
sunset | hīwohunmi |
to swallow | -sek- |
swallow | tumtitĕlla |
swamp | hixut, cita |
sweathouse | matta |
sweet | hiqūini |
to swim | -xū- |
table | hāma’anaksia |
tail | aqūye |
to talk | -kō-, -gō- |
tattoo | hekotēu |
to tear | -tra-, -xata- |
tears | hu-so’xa |
teeth | hu-tsu † |
ten | sānpun |
that | pāmut, pāut, pât |
thick | pepe’in |
thief | ixagutca |
thigh | hi-tcipe |
thin | tqĕ’erin |
this | qēwot, qât |
thou | mamut |
three | xodai, hotai |
to throw | -su-, -sux- |
thumb | hi-tcitceta* |
thunder | tremūmūta, trĕmamutcēu, , tcimumuta* |
to tie | -wuqam- |
tinder | hauna |
tobacco | ūwu † |
today | kimāse, asse † |
tomorrow | himĕda, himĕta † |
tongs | isekdādiu |
tongue | hi-pen † |
to touch | -na- |
trail | hissa |
tree | āt’a (?), atsa* |
trout | trāwel, (tcawal)† |
tumpline | himā’idan, kâsusū |
to twist | -pxel- |
two | xoku, qâqū |
uncle (maternal or paternal) | magola-i |
under | tcumu (?), wisē§ |
unripe | xomanat |
up | (-tso, wiemu) |
urine | e-quc |
vagina | e-qā |
valley | hitcxāeni (?), maitcitcam* |
village | āwitat, tcimāretanama † |
to vomit | -haima- |
to wake | -suhni- |
warrior | hētcwat |
to wash | -pok- |
to watch | -xota |
water | ā’ka, āqa, aka* |
waterfall | āqamatcitsxol |
water ouzel | pāsindjaxola |
we | nātcidut, nōutowa, tcīgule |
weak | lāpukni |
wedge | tranper |
wet | cidji’in |
what | pātci, qâtci |
when | qâsukmatci |
where | qōmalu, (qosi) |
to whip | -nuwec- |
to whistle | -xū- |
white | mĕne’i, mene* |
white man | tcimtŭkta, (djemduakta) |
whiskey | (apu-n-aqa) |
who | qomas, komas,* awilla |
why | kosidaji |
wide | xerē’in |
widow | lasa |
widow (remarried) | yapada§ |
widower | mamutxū (?) |
wife (my) | puntsar-iĕ, (punsal-i), puntcar-hi* |
wildcat | tagnir, tragnil, hicūmaxutcŭlla |
willow | pātc’xu |
wind | ikosē-ta, ikosiwa* |
window | hisūsamdaksia |
wing | utū,† hu-tu |
to wink | -raprap-, -laplap- |
winter | asōdi, asuti* |
Wintun | pātcxuai |
to wish | -tcxūū, -tcai- (?) |
Wiyot (?) | aqatrēduwaktada |
Wiyot at Arcata | qataiduwaktada |
wolf | cītciwi, sitciwi* |
woman | puntsar |
wood | pusūa † |
woodpecker | konanatcēi, tcuredhu, (dedima), , (tculeti) |
wood tick | tsina |
to work | -pu- |
worm | hĕmuta |
to yawn | -xaca- |
ye | qākule |
yellowhammer | tsēyamen, trīyamen, (tciaman) |
yellowjacket | xōwu |
yes | himō,† |
yesterday | mō’a, moo* |
young | āmanitri, amaniti-ta |
English name | Chimariko name |
---|---|
Taylor Flat | tcītcanma |
Cedar Flat | hâdinaktcohâda |
Burnt Ranch | tsūdamdadji |
Hawkin’s Bar | hamaidadji |
Dyer’s ranch | itcxaposta |
Patterson’s | paktōnadji |
Thomas’ | maidjasōre |
Forks of New River | qaiyausmūdji |
New River City | qo’ōmĕniwinda |
Willow Creek | hītūtaidji |
Big Bar | citimāādji |
Weaverville | hisaēmu |
New River | tcolīdasum |
Big Creek | hīmēaqutce |
Trinity River | tcitra |
Hoboken | sitjiwāqai |
South Fork Trinity River | hātcugidjĕ |
Summerville | maitotöudji |
Jordan’s | maidolēda |
Cecilville | maidjatcūdjĕ |
Yocumville | maidjahūtcula |
Bennett’s | ātcugidjĕ |
Hyampom | tranqōma |
Big Flat | tcintxapmu |
Salt Ranch | āqitcĕ |
Mad River | |
Hupa, village at foot of valley | (amitsihedji) |
Hupa, village below Ferry | |
Hupa, Hostler village | (xaumtadji) |
Hupa, Captain John’s village | |
Hupa, village at head of valley |
Unidentified place names mentioned by Doctor Tom to Dr. A. L. Kroeber: