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Adjective
| gloss
|
W1913 [1]
|
WN [2]
|
OED [3]
|
RHU [4]
|
CC [5]
|
DCE [6]
|
MW3 [7]
|
AH4 [8]
|
MQ4 [9]
|
| at the back or in the rear
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
31
|
29
|
1
|
1a
|
1
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25
|
| distant, remote
|
(included in 1)
|
|
1a
|
32
|
32
|
|
1b
|
2
|
26
|
| in arrears
|
2
|
|
3a
|
34
|
|
|
2a
|
4
|
|
| moving or operating backward
|
3
|
|
7
|
35
|
|
|
3a
|
5?
|
28
|
| near the posterior
|
(included in 1?)
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| of the past (~ issues)
|
|
3
|
3b
|
33
|
30
|
|
4
|
3
|
27
|
| pertaining to the spine
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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24
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| located behind
|
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|
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23
|
| pronounced with the tongue back
|
|
|
1c
|
37 (phonetics)
|
33 (phonetics)
|
7 (technical)
|
1c
|
6 (linguistics)
|
29
|
| reciprocal
|
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36 (navigation)
|
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| inferior; obscure
|
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1b
|
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| returning
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6
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3b
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| behind and subsidiary
|
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2
|
|
|
2?
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|
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| due for prior service (~ pay)
|
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|
|
|
31
|
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2b
|
(included in 4)
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| from the back (~ view)
|
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3
|
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Adverb
| gloss
|
W1913 [1]
|
WN [2]
|
OED [3]
|
RHU [4]
|
CC [5]
|
DCE [6]
|
MW3 [7]
|
AH4 [8]
|
MQ4 [9]
|
| in or toward the rear
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
|
34
|
|
1a
|
1
|
| to the original place
|
2
|
1
|
5
|
|
35
|
1
|
2a
|
2
|
| to a former state
|
3
|
3
|
6, 7a (original state)
|
|
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2
|
|
3
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| ago
|
4
|
|
11
|
|
|
(included in 7)
|
2b
|
|
| away from contact
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
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| in reserve
|
6
|
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10?
|
|
39
|
|
1f
|
5
|
| in restraint
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
1e1
|
6
|
| in return (pay ~)
|
8
|
6
|
8
|
|
37
|
6
|
2c1
|
7
|
| in withdrawal
|
9
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
(included in 2c3)
|
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| in arrears
|
10
|
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12
|
|
|
|
1g
|
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| backward in time
|
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4
|
4
|
|
36
|
7, 12 (toward the beginning)
|
1c
|
4
|
| in reply
|
|
5
|
|
|
(included in 37)
|
5
|
2c3
|
(included in 7)
|
| away from the front or ordinary position
|
|
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2
|
|
|
|
1b
|
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| (having) returned
|
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|
7b
|
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| together with an alcoholic drink
|
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|
13 (US slang)
|
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| at less than a perpendicular angle
|
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1d
|
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| in a disadvantageous state
|
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1e2
|
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| backstage
|
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1h
|
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| in retaliation
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|
(included in 37)
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2c2
|
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| once again (read ~)
|
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8
|
3
|
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| in check
|
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38
|
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| in a former place
|
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3
|
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| backward in space
|
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4
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| in a relaxed way
|
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9
|
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|
Noun
| gloss
|
W1913 [1]
|
WN [2]
|
OED [3]
|
RHU [4]
|
CC [5]
|
DCE [6]
|
MW3 [7]
|
AH4 [8]
|
MQ4 [9]
|
| large shallow vat
|
1
|
|
1II
|
|
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|
1II
|
1II
|
|
| ferryboat
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| hinder part of the body
|
1II
|
1
|
1 (anatomical), 2a
|
1 (humans), 2 (animals)
|
1 (human), 2 (animal)
|
1
|
1a1 (human), 1b (vertebrates)
|
1a (human), 1b (animal)
|
1 (humans), 2 (animals)
|
| extended upper part (~ of the hills)
|
2II
|
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| outward or upper part
|
3II
|
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2b1
|
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| rear part of a thing (opposite front)
|
4II
|
2
|
3a
|
6
|
4
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2
|
2a1
|
3
|
5
|
| part out of sight, or opposite the part in view
|
5II
|
3
|
5a
|
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5
|
3 (less important)
|
2a2
|
4
|
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| edge of a tool opposite the cutting edge
|
6II
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4d
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2c6
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| reserve support
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7II
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| keel and keelson
|
8II (nautical)
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17
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9 (nautical)
|
| upper part of a lode
|
9II (mining)
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2b5
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12? (mining)
|
| roof of a horizontal underground passage
|
(included in 9II) (mining)
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17 (mining) (stope or drift)
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2b4
|
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| portion of clothing covering the back
|
10II
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7
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9 (rear of garment)
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8
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6
|
| player in the backfield
|
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4 (soccer)
|
21 (soccer)
|
(included in 18a)
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16
|
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8a (various sports)
|
10 (soccer etc.)
|
| spine
|
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5
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9
|
3
|
|
1c
|
2
|
7
|
| book binding
|
|
6
|
4c
|
13
|
9
|
|
1f
|
7a, 7b
|
(included in 8)
|
| backrest
|
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8
|
10
|
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|
4
|
2d
|
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| player behind the line of scrimmage
|
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9 (US football)
|
|
(included in 18a)
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5b
|
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| rear of any body part
|
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3
|
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3
|
| whole body, for clothing purposes
|
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2b
|
4
|
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1a2
|
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4
|
| rear part providing reinforcement
|
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8
|
| capacity to bear a responsibility
|
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10
|
| inside margin of a page
|
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|
2f2
|
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13 (printing)
|
| effort
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|
5
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| part forming the rear
|
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|
(included in 10)
|
7
|
|
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| part of an object providing support
|
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|
10
|
7
|
|
|
6
|
|
| forward part of propeller blade
|
|
|
|
11 (nautical, aviation)
|
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| upper part of aircraft fuselage
|
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12 (aviation)
|
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| exterior curve of an arch
|
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|
15 (architecture)
|
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| upper side of a joist
|
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16a (carpentry)
|
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| area of wall between window stool and floor
|
|
|
|
16b (carpentry)
|
|
|
|
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| player behind the line of contact
|
|
|
|
18a (sports)
|
8a
|
|
5a
|
|
|
| position of a player behind the line of contact
|
|
|
|
18b (sports)
|
8b
|
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|
8b
|
|
| part of the body which carries burdens
|
|
|
2c
|
|
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|
|
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|
| the part of an animal body opposite the motor organs
|
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2d
|
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| room at the back of a house
|
|
|
3b
|
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| outer side of the hand
|
|
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4a
|
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| underside of a leaf
|
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4b
|
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| back country; back 40
|
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|
5b
|
|
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| the time after
|
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|
6 (obsolete)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| back armor
|
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|
8a
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| defense
|
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|
8b
|
|
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|
|
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| rear of an army
|
|
|
11 (archaic)
|
|
|
|
|
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| following; supporters
|
|
|
12 (obsolete)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| surface of waves, etc.
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
1e?
|
|
|
| ridge
|
|
|
14 (obsolete)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| convex part of a bent surface
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| upper part of a horizontal beam
|
|
|
16 (archaic)
|
|
|
|
2b2
|
|
|
| removable rear part of camera body
|
|
|
2007 addendum (photography)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| capacity to endure
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1a3
|
|
|
| jumpee position in leapfrog
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1g
|
|
|
| remote part
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2a3
|
|
|
| side of a type piece
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2b3
|
|
|
| cleavage in coal seam
|
|
|
?
|
|
|
|
2b6
|
|
|
| backing (hunting dog)
|
|
|
?
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
| convex part of a sawtooth
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2j
|
|
|
| longest leaf of a leaf spring
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2i
|
|
|
| back yard
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2h
|
|
|
| reverse of paper money
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2g
|
|
|
| last pages of a book
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
2f1
|
|
|
| upper surface of tongue opposite the soft palate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
| non-forward rugby player
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5b
|
|
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| reverse side
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
5
|
|
| part furthest from the front
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
(included in 2)
|
|
|
|
Verb
| gloss
|
W1913 [1]
|
WN [2]
|
OED [3]
|
RHU [4]
|
CC [5]
|
DCE [6]
|
MW3 [7]
|
AH4 [8]
|
MQ4 [9]
|
| drive backward
|
3
|
4
|
15a, 15b
|
21
|
20
|
2
|
3a
|
1
|
15
|
| provide financial backing
|
|
5
|
|
|
(included in 22)
|
(included in 1a)
|
(included in 1d)
|
|
(included in 14)
|
| move backward
|
1II
|
2
|
16a
|
29
|
(included in 20)
|
(included in 2)
|
1II
|
1II
|
21
|
| provide one's support to
|
7
|
1,3 (endorse)
|
|
19
|
22
|
1a
|
1a
|
3
|
14
|
| substantiate
|
|
9
|
5?
|
|
|
1b
|
1b
|
6
|
|
| mount
|
1
|
|
10a (rare)
|
25
|
|
|
2
|
|
17 (archaic)
|
| place upon the back
|
2
|
|
20 (US)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| furnish with a back
|
4
|
10
|
2a
|
22
|
24
|
3
|
4a
|
2
|
18
|
| be at the back of
|
5
|
6
|
3
|
23
|
|
4
|
4b
|
7
|
19
|
| write on the back of
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| indorse (~ a check)
|
(included in 6)
|
(included in 1)
|
12a (warrant), 12b (check)
|
26
|
26
|
|
1d
|
|
20
|
| bet on the success of
|
8
|
7
|
7
|
20
|
23
|
6 (risk money)
|
1c
|
5
|
16
|
| shift counterclockwise (of wind)
|
2II (nautical)
|
8
|
17
|
30 (nautical)
|
28
|
|
3II
|
2II
|
22 (nautical)
|
| stand still behind another dog which has pointed
|
3II (hunting)
|
|
9 (hunting)
|
|
|
|
6, 2II
|
|
|
| accompany musically
|
|
|
4c
|
24
|
25
|
5
|
1III
|
4
|
|
| attach laths to the upper part of a joist or rafter
|
|
|
|
27 (carpentry)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| move a sail so the forward face is into the wind
|
|
|
|
28a (nautical)
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
| brace yards while backing a sail
|
|
|
|
28b (nautical)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| reinforce an anchor with a smaller one dropped further away
|
|
|
|
28c (nautical)
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
| coat the back of a plate with a light-absorbing substance
|
|
|
2b
|
|
|
|
4e
|
|
|
| prepare a book for binding boards
|
|
|
2c
|
|
|
|
4d
|
|
|
| provide physical support
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
(included in 1a)
|
|
|
| set or lay back
|
|
|
14a
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| abut at the back
|
|
|
21
|
|
27
|
|
4II
|
|
|
| supply the first stage of exhaustion for a pump
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1e
|
|
|
| make a sound while moving the tonge further back
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3b
|
|
|
| print on the reverse as well as the front
|
|
|
12c
|
|
|
|
4c1
|
|
|
| fill a shell with metal to form a printing plate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4c2
|
|
|
| reinforce a stereotype matrix so it can withstand the pressure of molten metal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4c3
|
|
|
| address an envelope
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 (dialectal)
|
|
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=back
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=back
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50016262 (subscription) Those senses not attested after 1500 are ignored here.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/back
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 HarperCollins Publishers (2001) “back”, in Sinclair et al., editors, Collins Concise Dictionary, 5th ed., →ISBN, pages 101-102
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Pearson Education Ltd. (2003) “back”, in Quirk et al., editors, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 4th ed., →ISBN, pages 91-92
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/unabridged?va=back (subscription)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 http://www.bartleby.com/61/95/B0009500.html
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 http://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/ (subscription)