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Verbs ending with ⟨-ata⟩/⟨-ätä⟩; inverse consonant gradation possible.
The inflectional stem is obtained by removing the final ⟨-a⟩/⟨-ä⟩, and changing the previous consonant to its strong form. The remaining final ⟨-t-⟩ mutates to ⟨-a-⟩/⟨-ä-⟩, ⟨-s-⟩, ⟨-n-⟩ or nothing in various conjugations, leading to somewhat erratic consonant gradation.
Basic conjugation without consonant gradation
Consonant gradation
Summary
Gradation
|
Kotus |
*A |
*B |
*C |
*D |
*E |
*F |
*G |
*H |
*I |
*J |
*K |
*L |
|
|
|
grade |
k → kk |
p → pp |
t → tt |
∅ → k |
v → p |
d → t |
ng → nk |
mm → mp |
ll → lt |
nn → nt |
rr → rt |
j → k |
g → gg |
b → bb
|
infinitive I
|
weak
|
pakata |
napata |
mitata |
pelätä |
tavata |
ladata |
hangata |
kammata |
vallata |
suunnata |
verrata |
hyljätä |
digata |
dubata
|
1.sg present
|
strong
|
pakkaan |
nappaan |
mittaan |
pelkään |
tapaan |
lataan |
hankaan |
kampaan |
valtaan |
suuntaan |
vertaan |
hylkään |
diggaan |
dubbaan
|
3.sg past
|
strong
|
pakkasi |
nappasi |
mittasi |
pelkäsi |
tapasi |
latasi |
hankasi |
kampasi |
valtasi |
suuntasi |
vertasi |
hylkäsi |
diggasi |
dubbasi
|
3.sg conditional
|
strong
|
pakkaisi |
nappaisi |
mittaisi |
pelkäisi |
tapaisi |
lataisi |
hankaisi |
kampaisi |
valtaisi |
suuntaisi |
vertaisi |
hylkäisi |
diggaisi |
dubbaisi
|
3.sg potential
|
weak
|
pakannee |
napannee |
mitannee |
pelännee |
tavannee |
ladannee |
hangannee |
kammannee |
vallannee |
suunnannee |
verrannee |
hyljännee |
digannee |
dubannee
|
3.sg imperative
|
weak
|
pakatkoon |
napatkoon |
mitatkoon |
pelätköön |
tavatkoon |
ladatkoon |
hangatkoon |
kammatkoon |
vallatkoon |
suunnatkoon |
verratkoon |
hyljätköön |
digatkoon |
dubatkoon
|
past participle
|
weak
|
pakannut |
napannut |
mitannut |
pelännyt |
tavannut |
ladannut |
hangannut |
kammannut |
vallannut |
suunnannut |
verrannut |
hyljännyt |
digannut |
dubannut
|
passive past
|
weak
|
pakattiin |
napattiin |
mitattiin |
pelättiin |
tavattiin |
ladattiin |
hangattiin |
kammattiin |
vallattiin |
suunnattiin |
verrattiin |
hyljättiin |
digattiin |
dubattiin
|
Words ending in (note that only the back-vowel forms are mentioned here, but these rules apply regardless of vowel harmony):
- ⟨-Csata⟩, ⟨-sCata⟩, or ⟨-sata⟩ have a sticky ⟨s⟩ and have no consonant gradation.
- ⟨-hkata⟩, ⟨-lata⟩, ⟨-rata⟩ (with exceptions: karata and perata), ⟨-lvata⟩ (except for salvata), ⟨-rvata⟩ have no consonant gradation.
- ⟨-kata⟩ have fairly regular consonant gradation (k → kk), even in loan words.
- ⟨-tata⟩ have fairly regular consonant gradation (t → tt), even in loan words.
- ⟨-data⟩ have fairly regular consonant gradation (d → t), even in loan words.
Complete conjugation example with consonant gradation (d → t)
Template
{{fi-conj-salata}}
List
See Finnish salata-type verbs.