Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word
Appendix:Lower Sorbian pronunciation. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
Appendix:Lower Sorbian pronunciation, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
Appendix:Lower Sorbian pronunciation in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
Appendix:Lower Sorbian pronunciation you have here. The definition of the word
Appendix:Lower Sorbian pronunciation will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
Appendix:Lower Sorbian pronunciation, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Lower Sorbian pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.
| Consonants
|
| IPA |
Examples |
Nearest English approximation
|
| /b/
|
baba
|
booty
|
| /bʲ/
|
biś, bjachaŕ
|
beauty
|
| /ɕ/
|
śamny, wobraź, pišćaŕ
|
sheet
|
| /d/
|
dawaś
|
do
|
| /dʲ/
|
djaboł[1]
|
due (RP)
|
| /d͡z/
|
łdza
|
adze
|
| /d͡ʑ/
|
rozdźěliś
|
jeans
|
| /d͡ʒ/[2]
|
łdža
|
June
|
| /f/
|
faraŕ, archiw
|
fool
|
| /fʲ/
|
figa, šefje
|
fuel
|
| /ɡ/
|
gano
|
goon
|
| /ɡʲ/
|
ginuś, gjarnc
|
ambiguity
|
| /h/
|
hela
|
have
|
| /j/
|
jajo, sajźaś, wjacor
|
you
|
| /k/
|
kazaś, rog
|
coop
|
| /kʲ/
|
kisały, kjarl
|
cute
|
| /l/
|
lampa
|
lamp
|
| [3]
|
lipa
|
million
|
| /m/
|
mama
|
moot
|
| /mʲ/
|
mica, mjasec
|
mute
|
| /n/
|
nan
|
no
|
| /nʲ/
|
niski, njamam, mań
|
onion
|
| [4]
|
kanka, bengel
|
long
|
| [5]
|
śańki
|
avuncular
|
| /p/
|
papa, zub
|
pooh
|
| /pʲ/
|
piś, pjas
|
pew
|
| /r/
|
rada
|
rude but trilled; also as in German rot
|
| /rʲ/
|
rigotaś, rjeśaz, keŕ
|
read but tapped; also as in German rot
|
| /s/
|
sam, raz
|
soup
|
| /ʃ/[2]
|
šantk, kaž
|
shoot
|
| /t/
|
tam, kład
|
time
|
| /tʲ/
|
metjej[1]
|
tune (RP)
|
| /t͡ɕ/
|
sćěna, tśasaś, gózdź
|
cheese
|
| /t͡s/
|
cakaś
|
cats
|
| /t͡ʃ/[2]
|
čaj, tšawa
|
choose
|
| /v/[6]
|
volt, Vatikan
|
vote
|
| /vʲ/[7]
|
wino, wjedro
|
view
|
| /w/[8]
|
łapiś, kisałe, słowo, wariś, barwa, wałma, sławny
|
was
|
| /x/[9]
|
chachaś
|
No common English equivalent; Scots loch or Yinglish chutzpah
|
| /z/
|
zabyś
|
zoo
|
| /ʑ/
|
źaseś
|
No common English equivalent; like the s of measure but palatalized
|
| /ʒ/[2]
|
žaba
|
measure
|
| |
| Vowels
|
| IPA |
Examples |
Nearest English approximation
|
| /a/
|
nan
|
father
|
| [10]
|
mech, knecht, zdechnuś
|
bat
|
| [11]
|
dej, zemja, jeleń, wójna, měj
|
bait
|
| [12]
|
młoźinske, moderne, pónjeźele
|
comma
|
| /ɛ/
|
derje, góla,[13] sobota
|
bet
|
| /i/
|
lipa
|
beat
|
| /ɪ/[14]
|
něga
|
bit (General American/RP)
|
| /ɨ/
|
góla[13], šyroki
|
bit (New Zealand English)
|
| [15]
|
rowny, šołta
|
boat
|
| /ɔ/
|
togodla
|
bought
|
| /u/
|
ruka
|
boot
|
| /ʊ/
|
góla[13]
|
put, book
|
|
| Supersegmentals
|
| IPA |
Explanation
|
| /ˈ/
|
Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), for example internat
|
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Very rare as an independent phoneme; mostly occurs as an allophone of the nonpalatalized equivalent before /i/ and /ɪ/ in loanwords.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Sometimes described as retroflex, i.e. . The Serbski Institut asserts that the postalveolars /ʃ/ and /t͡ʃ/ are separate phonemes from /ʂ/ and /ʈ͡ʂ/, but if so, the postalveolars appear almost only in loanwords, and the functional load of the contrast is extremely low.
- ^ Allophone of /l/ before /i/ and /ɪ/.
- ^ Allophone of /n/ before /k ɡ/.
- ^ Allophone of /n/ before /kʲ ɡʲ/.
- ^ Occurs only in loanwords; not reliably distinguished from /w/ by all speakers.
- ^ Phonetic realizations vary from a palatalized bilabial to a palatalized labiodental fricative, ~ ; generally replaced by /j/ before /a/ and /ɛ/ but may be retained there in careful speech. The Serbski Institut describes it as a palatalized labiovelar approximant, , but it is unclear what that is supposed to mean; perhaps .
- ^ Phonetic realizations before a vowel vary from a labiovelar approximant to a velarized bilabial approximant or fricative, ~ ~ . At the end of syllable, always realized as .
- ^ Some but not all speakers have palatalized as an allophone of /x/ after /i/ and /ɪ/.
- ^ Allophone of /ɛ/ between a “hard” consonant (i.e. any other than /l/ or a palatalized or alveo-palatal consonant) and /x/.
- ^ Allophone of /ɛ/ before /j/ (regardless of the quality of the preceding consonant), in the word zemja and its derivatives, and between two “soft” consonants (i.e. /l/ or a palatalized or alveo-palatal consonant). Before /j/ in the following syllable there is free variation between the allophones and .
- ^ Allophone of /ɛ/ in unstressed final and antepenultimate open syllables.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 The letter ⟨ó⟩ represents /ɛ/, /ɨ/, or /ʊ/ depending on dialect; but ⟨ój⟩ is always /ɛj/ . The pronunciation /ʊ/, as in Upper Sorbian, is now only marginal in Lower Sorbian.
- ^ Replaced with /ɛ/ (in its allophone ) in before /j/. The contrast between /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ is lost in unstressed syllables for many speakers in casual speech.
- ^ Allophone of /ɔ/ before /w/.
Further reading
- Schaarschmidt, Gunter (1998). The Historical Phonology of the Upper and Lower Sorbian Languages. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter. →ISBN.
- Serbski Institut (2019). Niedersorbische Aussprache.
- Starosta, Manfred (1999). Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik – Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag. →ISBN, pp. 15–21.
- Stone, Gerald (2002), “Sorbian (Upper and Lower)”, in Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G., The Slavonic Languages, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 593–685, →ISBN.