Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word
Appendix:Norwegian Bokmål pronunciation. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
Appendix:Norwegian Bokmål pronunciation, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
Appendix:Norwegian Bokmål pronunciation in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
Appendix:Norwegian Bokmål pronunciation you have here. The definition of the word
Appendix:Norwegian Bokmål pronunciation will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
Appendix:Norwegian Bokmål pronunciation, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
This is a guide to pronunciation of Norwegian.
There is no centrally mandated pronunciation of Norwegian. In Wiktionary, the pronunciation given for Norwegian Bokmål generally reflects the pronunciation of Central Eastern Norway, in and around Oslo. The pronunciation given for Norwegian Nynorsk generally reflects the pronunciation in the parts of Norway where Nynorsk is mostly used. Other pronunciations may also be possible.
Consonants
Plosives
| Phoneme
|
Transcription, example and translation
|
| p |
par, , "pair; couple"
|
| b |
bok, , "book"
|
| t |
tam, , "tame"
|
| d |
dam, , "pond"
|
| k |
katt, , "cat"
|
| ɡ |
god, , "good"
|
/p, t, k/ are all aspirated and pronounced almost identical to the equivalent English sounds. /b, d, ɡ/ are distinctly voiced, moreso than the English equivalents of most dialects.
Fricatives
| Phoneme
|
Transcription, example and translation
|
| f |
fot, , "foot"
|
| ʋ |
våt, , "wet"
|
| s |
sol, , "sun"
|
| ʂ |
sju, , "seven"
|
| ç |
kjapp, , "fast"
|
| j |
jord, , "soil"
|
| h |
han, , "he"
|
/r/
| Phoneme
|
Transcription, example and translation
|
| r |
rød, , , "red"
|
The pronunciation of /r/ varies in the various dialects. In eastern dialects the pronunciation is more forward, or while the pronunciation in western dialects is further back, .
In some dialects /s, t, d, n, l/ merge with /r/ into retroflex assimilations .
Laterals
| Phoneme
|
Transcription, example and translation
|
| l |
land, , "country"
|
Nasals
| Phoneme
|
Transcription, example and translation
|
| m |
mann, , "man"
|
| n |
nese, , "nose"
|
| ŋ |
lang, , "long"
|
Vowels
Long vowels
| Phoneme
|
Transcription, example and translation
|
| iː |
ti, , "ten"
|
| yː |
ny, , "new"
|
| ʉː |
hus, , "house"
|
| eː |
ser, , "see"
|
| æː |
være, , "to be"
|
| ɑː |
har, , "have"
|
| øː |
brød, , "bread"
|
| uː |
god, , "good"
|
| oː |
nå, , "now"
|
Short vowels
| Phoneme
|
Transcription, example and translation
|
| ɪ |
litt, , "a little, a bit"
|
| ʏ |
hytte, , "cabin"
|
| ʉ |
munn, , "mouth"
|
| ɛ |
redd, , "afraid, scared"
|
| æ |
vært, , "been (past ptcpl.)"
|
| ɑ |
mann, , "man"
|
| œ |
brønn, , "well"
|
| ʊ |
tok, , "took (simple past)"
|
| ɔ |
toll, , "customs"
|
| ə |
påle, , "pole"
|
Diphthongs
| Phoneme
|
Transcription, example and translation
|
| æʉ |
sau, , "sheep"
|
| æɪ |
jeg, , "I"
|
| œʏ |
gøy, , "fun"
|
Stress and tonemes
Most dialects of Norwegian separate between two distinct tonemes. The way they are realised differs considerably between different dialects. The table gives only a few examples.
| Stress and tone
|
| IPA
|
Examples
|
Examples of realisation
|
|
|
bønder
|
Tone 1 / acute accent:
- low-rising tone in Oslo and Trondheim:
- falling-low tone in Bergen:
- rising-falling tone in Stavanger:
- simple primary stress in certain accents:
|
|
|
bønner
|
Tone 2 / grave accent:
- falling-rising tone in Oslo and Trondheim:
- rising-falling tone in Bergen:
- falling-falling tone in Stavanger:
- simple primary stress in certain accents:
|
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 A few dialects have a simple primary stress rather than a contrastive pitch accent. In those accents, bønder (meaning 'farmers') and bønner (meaning 'beans') are pronounced exactly the same.