Appendix:Olukumi word list

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The following comparative word list of Ulukwumi (Olukumi) dialects (Ugbodu and Ukwu-Nzu dialects) is from Oluwadoro & Abiola (2016), who also include comparisons from Standard Yoruba and Ikale (a Yoruboid language variety).[1]

Oluwadoro & Abiola (2016)

No. Gloss Olukumi (Ugbodu) Olukumi (Ukwu-Nzu) Standard Yoruba Ìkálè
1 all gede gede g͡bog͡bo/ dede dede
2 and a`ti àti/ múmá àti ati
3 animal ɛrã ɛrã ɛrã ɛrã
4 ashes eruru eruru Érú erı̇́rú
5 at nı̇́ nī́ nī́ nı̇́
6 back ɛ̀jī̀ ɛ̀jī̀ ɛ̀jī̀/ ɛ̀hī̀ ɛ̀jī̀
7 bad búkú/ búrú éhã́ Burú burú
8 bark g͡bó g͡bó g͡bó gbó
9 because túrú túrú/ kójã̀ nı̇́torı̇́ torı̇́
10 belly inú inɔ ı̇́kũ̀/ inṹ ukù
11 big lı̇́lá ólála ńlá/ tóbi lı̇́lá
12 bird ɛjɛ ɛjɛ ɛjɛ ɛjɛ
13 bite ar̃irã arirã bùdʒɛ/ gédʒɛ gédʒɛ
14 black dúdṹ dúdṹ Dúdú dı̇́dũ̂
15 blood ɛ̀zɛ̀ ɛ̀zɛ̀ ɛ̀dʒɛ̀ ɛ̀dʒɛ̀
16 blow fɛ́ fɛ́ fɛ́ fɛ́
17 bone ugugū ogũgũ egũgũ egigũ
18 breathe mī́ mī́ mī́ mi̍
19 burn dʒó/sū dʒó
20 child ɔma oma ɔmɔ̃ ɔma
21 cloud òkè orùkù ı̇̀kũ̀kũ̀/ ojú-ɔ̀rũ òfúrufú
22 cold tutũ̀/ ojì òjı̇̀ tútù/ amodi Tutù
23 come
24 count
25 cut (v.)
26 day izó izɔ́ ɔdʒɔ́ ɔdʒɔ̀
27 die
28 dig sɔ̀ wà/g͡bɛ´ gwɔ̀
29 dirty k͡pi̇k͡pù ók͡pò Léèrı̇́/ lɛ́g͡bi
30 dog azá aza adʒá kı̇́tà
31 drink
32 dry g͡bɛ g͡bɛ g͡bɛ gbɛ
33 dull (blunt) g͡bĩ g͡bĩ gbɔ̃
34 dust ebùbɛ èbùbɛ Eruku gbɔ̃
35 ear etı̇́ etĩ́ Etı̇́ Etı̇́
36 earth alɛ̀ ajé/ ilɛ̀ ajé/ ilɛ̀ ı̇́lɛ̀
37 eat dʒɛ dʒɛ
38 egg eɲɛ̃ ɛɲɛ̃ ɛjĩ eɲɛ̃
39 eye ozu ozu odʒú odʒú
40 fall (v.) subú/wó subú
41 far ʃı̇́ ʃı̇́ dʒĩ̀nã̀ dʒĩ̀nã̀
42 fat/grease ɔrà ɔ̀rà ɔ̀rá ekpo
43 father ba Bàbá iba
44 fear (v.) ɛ̀rù ɛ̀rù ɛ̀rù bɛ̀rũ̀
45 feather ɛ̀jɛ̀ ɛ̀jɛ ı̇̀jɛ̀ ı̇̀jɛ́
46 few kàı̇̀k͡pàı̇̀ èjeje dı̇́ɛ̀ dı̇́è
47 fight dʒà dʒà
48 fire unã́ unã inã́ una
49 fish ɛza ɛza ɛdʒa ɛdʒa
50 five ɛ̀rṹ ɛ̀rṹ àrṹ mɛ̀rṹ
51 float Léfò
52 flow gbɔ̃́ gbɔ̃́ ʃã̀ ʃã̀
53 flower ı̇̀furu obóbò Òdòdó òdòdó
54 fly (v.)
55 fog èrı̇̀rı̇̀ èrı̇̀rı̇̀ ikuku kuru/ kùru
56 foot ɔ̀hɛ̀/ ɔ̀tálɔhɛ̀ ɔ̀hɛ̀/ ɔ̀tálɔhɛ̀ àtɛ́lɛsɛ ɛhɛ̀
57 four ɛ́rɛ̃́ ɛ́rɛ̃́ ɛ̀rĩ mɛ́rĩ
58 freeze ɔ̀k͡puk͡pũ óni Dı̇̀ dı̇̀
59 fruit eho eho Èso èho
60 give wṹ wṹ fṹ mṹ
61 good àdʒè/ óhã óhã Dára hã̀
62 grass erùmũ̀ irũ̀mũ̀ Korı̇́ko korı̇́ko
63 green dı̇́dṹewé orùkù/ èèri àwɔèwé
64 guts ı̇̀fũ ı̇̀fũ ı̇̀fũ ı̇̀fũ
65 hair irã irɔ irũ irɔ̃
66 hand ɔ́wɔ́ ɔwɔ́ ɔwɔ́ ɔwɔ́
67 he ɔmɔkũ̀rĩ okũ̀rɛ òũ òũ
68 head orı̇́ orı̇́ Orı̇́ orı̇́ɣọ
69 hear g͡bó g͡bɔ́ g͡biɔ́ gbɔ́
70 heart ɛ̀dɔ̀ ɛ̀dɔ̀ ɔkõ̀ ɔka
71 heavy wı̇́wó ı̇́wó Wúwo wı̇́wo
72 here iwe iwe ibı̇́ ibé
73 hit gbá/lù gbá
74 hold/take mṹ mṹ mṹ dɔ̃́nı̇́
75 how kótı̇́ kótirı̇́ Báwo kı̇́motirı̇́
76 hunt òkòɛ́ ı̇́lagbó dɛ/ dɔdɛ
77 husband ɔkɔ ɔkɔ ɔkɔ ɔkɔ
78 I èmi èmi Èmi èmi
79 knee orókṹ oróku orṹkṹ oróku
80 if idà ı̇́dà Bı̇́ bója
81 in inú inú nı̇́/ni̇́nú nı̇́nɔ̃́
82 kill k͡pa k͡pa k͡pa kpa
83 know mõ̀
84 lake omi ùk͡pàbɔ̀ ag͡buzo adágṹ ɛri
85 laugh rĩ́rĩ́ rĩ́ rɛ́rĩ́ rɛ̃́
86 leaf ewé ewé Ewé ewé
87 left (side) òsĩ̀ òʃĩ̀ Òsı̇̀ òhı̇̀
88 leg ɔhɛ̃̀ ɔhɛ̀ ɛsɛ̀ ɛhɛ̀
89 lie (recline) dı̇̀dṹ dùbú Dùbú hũ̀
90 live g͡bé gbé
91 liver ùdù akúru ɛ̀dɔ̀-ki ɛ̀dɔ̀
92 long g͡bá g͡bá gũ̀ go
93 louse enà orı̇́ inã́ inã́-orı̇́ inã́
94 man/male ɔkũ̀rɛ̃ ɔkũ̀rɛ̃ ɔkũ̀rĩ ɔkõ̀rĩ
95 many jeje jéje k͡puk͡pɔ̀ yéje
96 meat/flesh ɛrã ɛrã ɛrã ɛrã
97 mother je ije ìjá ije
98 mountain okè ɛdòkè òkè gíga òkè
99 mouth ɛrũ ɛrũ ɛnũ ɛrũ
100 name orúkɔ orúkɔ orúkɔ orúkɔ
101 narrow fíŕĩ́/ fíŕĩ́ èwè Tóóró fı̇́rı̇́
102 near wẽ́ wɛ̃́ sṹmɔ̃́ hɔ̃́mɔ̃́
103 neck ɔ̀rɔ̃̀ ɔrɔ̃̀ ɔ̀rũ ɔrɔ̃̀
104 new titũ titɔ̃ tũtũ titɔ̃
105 night okukũ̀ òrũ alɛ́ òrũ
106 nose imú imɔ imṹ imɔ̃́
107 not fiefie/è kɔ/kı̇̀ éè
108 old g͡bo g͡bó g͡bó gbó
109 one okã okã okã okã
110 other wɔbò òmurɛ̃̀ òmı̇́rã̀ inɛ́
112 play iré iré Ere iré
113 pull
114 push tĩ̀ tı̇̀ tı̇̀/bı̇̀ ti
115 rain ezĩ/òzò ezĩ òdʒò òdʒò
116 red k͡pík͡pá k͡pı̇́k͡pã́ k͡puk͡pa/k͡pã kpikpa
117 right (correct) súʃı̇́ tɔ́/dára tɔ̃́
118 right (side) ɔ̀tõ òtṍ ɔ̀tũ òtṍ
119 river omi ègbɔ̃́ omi Odò
120 road ɔ̀nã̀ ɔ̀ñã̀ ɔ̀nã ɔ̀nã̀
121 root irĩ̀ irĩ̀ g͡bòǹg͡bò egbògbò
122 rope uri irĩ okũ̀ ùri
123 rotten kɛ̀ badʒɛ́/rà
124 rub g͡bò g͡bò ra/k͡pa kpa
125 salt owũ owũ ijɔ̀
126 sand erùk͡pɛ̀ erùk͡pɛ ijɛ̀k͡pɛ̀/jãrĩ̀ ijɛ̀k͡pɛ̀/
127 say fɔ̀ fɔ̀ sɔ/wı̇́ fɔ̀
128 scratch jã́ jã́
129 sea omilòkũ òʃimı̇̀ òkũ òkũ
130 see rı̇́ rı̇́ Rı̇́ rı̇́
131 seed ı̇́hóro íhóro irúgbĩ̀ ehó
132 sew sɛ́ sɛ́
133 sharp mṹ mṹ mṹ mṹ
134 short kéré k͡púdɛ̃́ Kúkúrú kúrú
135 sing kɔrĩ kɔrĩ kɔrĩ
136 sit zùka zòka dʒókò dʒókó
137 skin ara èk͡pik͡para awɔ ara/èk͡po
138 sky òkè òkè odʒuɔ̂rũ/ɔ̀rũ òfurufu
139 sleep orũ orũ orũ hũ̀
140 small kéré kéré kékeré kéré
141 smell (v.) rũ̀ rũ̀ rũ̀ rũ̀
142 smoke eɣgiɣɔ̀ èɣɔ̀ èfı̐́ èfı̇́fı̇́
143 smooth rı̇́rı̇̀ja orı̇̀ɛ̃ dã́/tɛ́dʒú dʒɔ̀lò
144 snake ezɔ̀ ezò edʒò edʒò
145 moon ojifɛ̀ ojĩfɛ òsùk͡pà òsùkpá
146 some ı̇̀bı̇̀bɔ̀ ibibɔ̀ dı̇́ɛ̀ ibɔ̀bɔ̀
147 spit itɔ́ itɔ́ tutɔ́ itɔ̃́
148 split k͡pĩ́/ja k͡pĩ́/ja k͡pĩ́ kpɛ̃́
149 squeeze mári mári fṹk͡pò
150 stab/pierce gṹ gṹ gṹ
151 stand dı̇́ró dı̇́ró dúró/nã̀ró dı̇́ró
152 star k͡pák͡pan̂dù k͡pák͡pan̂duu ı̇̀ràwɔ̀ ı̇̂ràwɔ̀
153 stick édó ɛ̀sĩk͡pɛ̀ igi
154 stone òkúta/òkò òkúta Òkúta òkúta
155 straight oja ojà g͡bɔɔrɔ tı̇́tɔ́
156 suck jã̀/fã jã̀ jã̀
157 sun òrũ̀rũ̀ òrũ̀ òrũ̀ ı̇̀rũ̀
158 swell fı̇́fùhɛ̀ Wı̇́wú
159 swim gwu gwú lúwɛ̀/wɛ̀ gwɛ̀
160 tail ùrù ùrù ı̇̀rù ı̇̀rũ̀
161 that ɛɲɛ̀ ɛɲɛ̃̀ ı̇̀jɛ̃ ı̇̀rũ̀
162 there iwɛ̀ ɔ̀wṹ ibɛ̀jɛ̃ ibɛ̀
163 they àwɔ̃ àwɔ̃ àwɔ̃ àɲɔ̃
164 thick rirɔ̃ lála nĩk͡pɔ̃/ki
165 thin tɛ́rɛ́/rù tı̃́rı̃́/ru
166 think ronṹ/rò ronṹ
167 this èjı̇́ èjı̇́ Èjı̇́ ɛ̀jı̇́
168 thou ı̇̀wɔ ùwɔ ı̇̀wɔ/o ùwɔ
169 three ɛ̀ta ɛ̀ta ɛ̀ta ɛ̀ta
170 throw hɔ̀ dʒù/so dʒù
171 tie dĩ̀ dĩ̀ dĩ̀ dĩ̀
172 tongue úwã́ uwṍ ahɔ̃́/awṍ úwã́
173 tooth ej̃́i ejĩ ej̃́i/ehĩ́ ́ ej̇́i
174 tree idʒĩ idʒĩ Igi èdʒĩ
175 turn jı̇́ jı̇́ jı̇́ bı̇̀
176 two èzĩ̀ èzı̇̀ èdʒı̇̀ èdʒı̇̀
177 vomit bı̇̀ bı̇̀ Bı̇̀ bı̇̀
178 walk rɛ̃̀ rɛ̃̀ rĩ̀ rɛ̃̀
179 warm g͡bónã́ g͡bónã́ lɔ́wɔrɔ́/ g͡bónã̊# lɔ́
180 wash fɔ̀ fɔ̀ fɔ̀ fɔ̀
181 water omi omi Omi omi
182 we awa awa A`wa àwa
183 wet tutũ̀ Tutù tutù
184 what kɛ́nɛ/kó kı̇́nı̃ kı̇́ɛ̀
185 when ùkò kógo nı̇́g͡bawo/nı̇́g͡bati kı̇́ùgbo
186 where ı̇̀jà kı̇́jorè Ibo kúbo
187 white fı̇́fũ fufu fũfũ fı̇́fũ
188 who ho jóòre tanĩ nɛ̃́
189 wide wı̇́wè owè Gbòòrò fɛ̀
190 wife aja aja aja/ı̇̀jàwó aja
191 wind ɛfuùrù ɛ̀fùrù afɛ́fɛ́ afɛ́fɛ́
192 wing aka akã ı̇̀jɛ́ak͡pá ijɛ́
193 wipe g͡bò fı̇́tʃa nũ̀ nɔ̃̀
194 with owũ k͡pɛ̀lú/òhũ kpɛ̀lú
195 window opó opó Opó opó
196 woods idʒĩ idʒĩ Igi igi
197 worn òk͡pò ók͡pò arã̀ gbó
198 ye ı̇̀wɔ uwɔ ı̇̀wɔ/ɛ́ àɲa
199 year ɔdṹ ɔdṹ ɔdṹ ɔdṍ
200 breast ɔjã̀ ɔjã̀ ɔjã̀ ɛjã̀

References

  1. ^ Oluwadoro, Jacob and Abdur-Rafiu Abiola. 2016. Olukumi: A dialect of Yoruba in diaspora. Papers in English linguistics 17: 310-335.
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