Appendix:Portuguese pronunciation

This page is a guide for reading and adding Portuguese IPA pronunciations. Unless noted otherwise, the information here refers only to Standard European Portuguese and Standard Brazilian Portuguese. See Portuguese phonology.

The transcriptions in the second column are non-canonical and should be replaced by those in the first one.

• Monosyllabic words should include a stress mark if they are stressed in sentences (si → /ˈsi/ but se → /si/).
• Secondary stress marks are optional, but recommended.

Sandhi should not be noted in pronunciations of individual words, as it is entirely predictable.

Metaphony is the variation between /o/ in the masculine singular of a noun or adjective and /ɔ/ in other forms. Some examples are:

• ovo (“egg”) /ˈo.vu/, plural ovos /ˈɔ.vus/
• novo (“new”) /ˈno.vu/, feminine singular nova /ˈnɔ.vɐ/, masculine plural novos /ˈnɔ.vus/, feminine plural novas /ˈnɔ.vɐs/
• porco (“pig”) /ˈpoʁ.ku/, feminine singular porca (“female pig, sow”) /ˈpɔʁ.kɐ/, masculine plural porcos /ˈpɔʁ.kus/, feminine plural porcas /ˈpɔʁ.kɐs/

The occurrence of metaphony is not predictable; it occurs in several words with stressed o, but not all of them. it can be noted using |meta=1 in {{pt-noun}} and {{pt-adj}}, and adds nouns to Category:Portuguese nouns with metaphony and adjectives to Category:Portuguese adjectives with metaphony.

The dialectology of modern Galician-European Portuguese established by Luís Lindley Cintra considers three major dialectal areas: Galician dialects, Northern Portuguese dialects, and Central-Southern Portuguese dialects.^[2][3]

The "standard" European Portuguese of Lisbon is a member of the Central-Southern Portuguese dialects. It is characterized by:

• Monophthongization of /ow/ in <ou> to /o/ (e.g.: ouro: , ouvir: ).^[4][5] (conserved in Northern Portugal dialects)
• Realization of /ej/ in <ei> as /ɐj/ (e.g.: ceifar: , feito: )^[6] (characteristic of the Lisbon dialect that spread to the rest of the country)
• Realization of /ẽj/ and /ɛ̃j/ in <ém>/<éns> as /ɐ̃j/ (e.g.: bem: , vens: )^[7] (characteristic of the Lisbon dialect that spread to the rest of the country)

Northern European Portuguese dialects, closely related with Galician, are characterized by:

• Betacism: and are realized as or (e.g.: chuva: , vela: , ).^[8][9][10]
• Conservation the diphthong /ej/ in <ei>, instead of realizing it as /ɐj/ (e.g.: ceifar: , feito: )^[6]
• Conservation of the diphthong /ow/ in <ou>, instead of merging it with /o/ (e.g.: ouro: , ouvir: ).^[4][5]
• Conservation of the affricate /t͡ʃ/ in <ch>, instead of merging it with /ʃ/ (e.g.: chuva: , chamar: ).^[8]

• Sesseio: and are realized as apical alveolar fricatives, and , respectively (e.g.: cozer/coser: ; passo/paço: ).^[11][12]

• Lack of Sesseio: and are distinguished from apical alveolar fricatives, and , respectively (e.g.: cozer: vs. coser: ; paço: vs. passo: ).^[11][12]

Central European Portuguese dialects are characterized by:

• Conservation of the diphthong /ej/ in <ei>, except Lisbon where it is realized as /ɐj/ (e.g.: ceifar: , feito: )^[6]

Some peculiarities of the dialect from Lisbon are not considered standard:^[13]

• Diphthongization of final /i.u/ in <io> to /iw/ (e.g.: rio: , frio: )

Southern European Portugal dialects comprise the Alentejan and Algarvian Portuguese. They are characterized by:

• Monophthongization of /ej/ in <ei> to /e/ (e.g.: ceifar: , feito: ).^[5][8][6]
• No rendering of intervocalic /d/ as .^[1]

• Due to the recentness of this page’s creation, not every entry conforms to its guidelines. Users are encouraged to correct nonstandard IPA transcriptions, tag them with {{attention|pt|nonstandard pronunciation}}, or inform another user about them.
• Some symbols are used in broad transcriptions even though they are usually considered allophones of another phoneme. The reasons for this are: they are traditionally used in broad transcriptions by other resources; preventing users from sounding foreign when not using that allophone sounds incorrect; in exceptional instances they are a distinct phoneme.