Appendix:Proto-Maji reconstructions

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The following list of Proto-Maji reconstructions is from Aklilu (2003:68-83).

List

Gloss Proto-Maji Sheko Nayi Dizi Page no.
argument, fight *bäč’a bäč’a bäč’a bäč’a 68
die *šubu šub šubM šubu 68
four *kubu kubM kubM kubM 68
father *baːb baːb baːb babu 68
market *gäba gäba gäba gäba 68
squeeze (v) *č’up’ č’up’ č’up’ č’ub-o 69
tear, split *šap’ šáp’ šap’ 69
lightning *p’alk’un p’alk’N balgN 69
sew *siːp’_ siːp’ síːbM 69
cut! (sorghum trunk, wood) *t’op’_ t’op’ t’obM 69
child *dädù dädù dòdù dädù 69
count! *fad feːd fad fad 69
elephant *dor dor dor doru 69
mouth *eːdu eːd eːdu eːdu 69
cow *otì otì oːtì oìtì 69
earth *tuːr tuːru tuːr tuːr 69
you *yetu yäta yetu yetu 69
intoxicate! *abt abt aft 69
run! *feat fet fet hʸat- 69
know *t’usun t’us t’úsN t’usN 70
two *t’aːgun t’aːgN t’aːgN t’aːgN 70
burped, belched *s’eːt’ s’eːt’ s’eːt’ s’ed 70
shivered *gut’gut’ gut’gut’ gut’gut’ gudgun-o 70
vagina *suːt’u suːt’u suːde 70
white *got’un̩s got’Ns got’N gaydNs 70
local beer *gebzu gebzu gebzu gezbu 70
bell *gäns’a gäns’a gäns’a ganzu 70
guitar *šongu šongu šongu čongi 70
year *beargu bengi bergi bʸargu 70
old *ʔeaguns ʔígNs ʔʸagus 70
bird *kaf_ käfa kaf kabi 70
ashes *s’eakun s’eakN s’eakN s’ʸakN 70
grandfather *ákun áku áku ákN 70
pick! *haːkun ʔaːk haːk hakN 70
ant *k’aç’u k’aç’u k’aç’u k’ač’u 71
quickly *š_nk’_ šonk’u šink’ab 71
scratch *k’oç’ k’oç’ k’oç’ k’oʐ-n 71
burn (caus.) *bónk’us bónk’us bónk’us 71
dysentery *s’irk’u s’irku s’írgi 71
lightning *p’alk’un p’álk’N balgN 71
wring, twist! *k’irk’un k’írk’ k’írgN 71
short *šik’uns šik’Ns šik’u šiguz 71
sky *saːk’u saːk’ù saːk’u saːgu 71
to take! nap *gink’u gink’u gink’u ging-o 71
theff *únkú únk’ú únk’u úngú 71
old *ʔeaguns ʔìgNs ʔʸagus 71
carry *baʔ baʔ koʔ baʔ 71
to chew *giʔa giʔa giʔa 71
big *ʔeátˢ ʔeàtˢ ʔeátˢ ʔʸátˢ 71
they *ʔiši ʔiši ʔuškuš ʔiši 71
add, put some more *šif šiːf šifN šif 71
cry! *yef yef yef yef- 71
get! *yaf yaf yaf yaf- 71
bat *žúfi žúfi júfi 71
cloth *af_l afal afl 71
body *fàːd fàːd fàːd hadu 72
blow! *fel fer fel hel-in 72
count! *fad feːd fad hadN 72
horse *fära fära fära haru 72
lung *fohun fohu hohN 72
eye *ʔaːb ʔaːb ʔaːf ʔaːbu 72
get drunk! *abt abt aft 72
pubic hair sibtu sibtu siːfti tˢibtu 72
local beer *gebzu gebzu gebzu gebzu 72
ox *zégu zégu zégu zäku 72
bee hive *b_z_ béza bazu 72
trap! *k’áz káz k’áz-n 72
chief *keaz keaz keas kʸaz 72
he *iz áːz ísi ízu 72
listen! *síːs síːs síːs sis- 72
know *t’úsun t’us t’usN t’usN 72
send *wos wos wos wos 72
bone *uːs uːs uːs uːs 72
black *s’anus s’ans s’ahN s’anɨz 73
green *č’iluns č’irNs č’ilu číluz 73
short *šikús šik’ns šik’u šiguz 73
wide *haːškuns (h)aškNs haːšu haːšuz 73
cold (of air) *k’eč’us k’et’Ns k’eç’u k’eč’uz 73
pubic hair *siːbtú siːbtù siːftí tˢibtú 73
fart *su_ suː suw tˢu 73
jigger *mužäla mužära mužäla mujal 73
bat *žufi žufi jufi 73
bamboo *wož wož woži 73
sun *šaž šaž čaj 73
Adams apple *gorža gorža goarža 73
add! *šif šiːf šifn̩ šif 74
mucus *ʔúːšu ùːšu úši uːšN 74
urine *šeš šeš šeːš 74
they *ʔiši ʔiši ʔuškuš ʔiši 74
behind *šošta šošta šišta čošt 74
guitar *šongu šongu šongu čongi 74
wild hog *šóbì šóbì čobì 74
feces *ši ši či 74
noon *ʐoákun ʐoákN ʐoákN jʷákt 74
wind *ʐuba ʐubà juba 74
cut! (cabbage, pumpkin, onion, enset) *muʐ muʐa muʐtn 74
roast! *ʂoʂ ʂoʂ ʂoːʂ ʂoʂɨn 75
horn *úʂu_ úʂN úʂa uʂùm 75
stand up! *áːʂ áːʂ áːʂ áːʂun 75
heart *ʂón ʂón çón; čónù 75
cold water *ʂow ʂów ʂow çow; čow 75
slaughter! *ʂokun ʂòːk çokN; čokN 75
meat *áʂku áʂku áʂku ačku 75
younger brother *oʂkun oʂkN oču 75
open! *beáh beáh beáh bʸáh-n 75
lung *fohun fóhu hohN 75
ear *háːy (h)aːy/(ʔ)aːy háːy (h)áːy/(ʔ)áːy 75
knife *hàːru (h)àːra hàːru (ʔ)aːru 75
this (masc.) *háːs (ʔ)áːs/háːs hás (ʔ)aː 75
hair of body *tˢítˢu tˢíutˢ tˢítˢu tˢitˢù 75
cook! *kátˢ kátˢ kátˢ kátˢ 75
big *ʔeátˢ ʔeàtˢ ʔeátˢ ʔʸátˢ 75
burp!, belch! *s’eːt’ s’eːt’ s’eːt’ s’eːd- 76
full *s’ós’a s’osá s’ós’a s’ós’ 76
bite! *wós’ wós’ wós’ wós’-n 76
cut (meat, hair) *k’ús’ k’ús’ k’útˢ k’us’-n 76
bell *gäns’u gäns’a gäns’u ganzu 76
taro *käčí käčí käči käčí 76
cough! *óč óč óč 76
wood, tree *ínču ínčú ínčú ínči 76
sneezed *dič dič-a dič-o 76
hand *kùçù kùçù kùçù kùçù 76
spin! *kéç kéç kéç kéçun 76
five *úçú úçú úççú úçú 76
take out soil from! hole by hand! *boç boç boç boçkN 76
fight (N) *bäč’a bäč’a bäč’a bäč’a 76
green *č’iluns č’irNs č’ilu č’iluz 76
leech *noːč’u nóːč’u noáč’a noːži 76
worm *dàːč’u dàč’u dàːži 76
louse *ç’ùç’ù ç’ùç’ù ç’ùç’ù ç’ùç’ù 77
smoke *ç’ubú ç’ubú ç’ufu ç’ubú 77
laugh! *géç’ géç’ géç’ 77
tooth *aːç’u aːç’u aːç’u aç’u 77
louse *ç’ùçù ç’ùç’ù ç’ùç’ù ç’ùžù 77
tooth *aːç’u aːç’u aːç’u ažu (Maji) 77
scratch! *k’oç’ k’oç’ k’oç’ k’ožɨn 77
jigger *mužäla mužära mužäla mujal 77
suck! *t’eám t’eám t’eám t’ʸám 77
tobacco *tuːmba tuːma tuːmba dambu 77
younger brother *nánu nánu nánú nánu 77
buffalo *men meːn men mén 77
bell *gäns’u gäns’u gäns’u ganzu 77
in front of *santá santá santá san 77
ashes *s’eákun s’eákN s’eákN s’ʸákN 78
grandfather *ákun ákN ákú ákN 78
short *šík’uns šík’Ns šík’ šíguz 78
eat! *um M M M 78
tomorrow *bearun berN bearN bʸaru 78
wide *haːškuns (h)aškNs haːšu haːšuz 78
bark (of tree) *ork’ún órk’N ork’ú 78
four *kubum kubM kubM kubM 78
die *šubum šub šubM šubu 78
green *č’iluns č’irNs č’ílu č’iluz 78
blow! *fel fer fel helɨn 78
finger, thumb *keli keri keli keli 78
green *č’ilus č’irNs č’ílu č’iluz 78
mill *goːlu goːru goːlu goːlu 78
buy/sell *fur fur fur huːr- 78
elephant *dór dór dór doru 78
donkey *kùrà kùrà kùrà kùra 78
cardamon *orša orša orša orša 78
bite! *wós’ wós’ wós wos’-n 78
fat *kòw kòw kòw kówú 78
send! *wos wos wos wos- 78
untie *wúšk wúšk wúšk 78
man *yàːb yàːb yàːb yàːb 79
god *yer yeri yer yer 79
get mad! *č’óy č’óy č’óy č’oyɨn 79
open! *beáh beáh beáh bʸáh 79
coffee *geanu geanu gʸanu 79
dog *keánù keánù keːnù kʸánu 79
chief *keaz keaz keas kʸaz 79
big *ʔeatˢ ʔeátˢ ʔeátˢ ʔʸátˢ 79
suck! *t’eám t’eám t’eám t’yám 79
shave *feas’ feas’ hʸas’ 79
ashes *s’eákun s’eákN s’eákN s’ʸákN 79
who? *iti iti iti iki 81
tree, wood *inču ínči ínču ínču 81
hair of body *tˢítˢu tˢítˢu tˢítˢu tˢítˢtˢu 81
taro *käči käči käči käči 81
house *íː íː íː íː 81
leopard *ìː ìː ìː ìː 81
rain *iːru iːru iːru iːru 81
cloud *diː diː diː 81
sweat *èrkun èrkN erkN èrkm 81
laugh! *géç’ géç’ géç’ géç’ 81
God *yer yerí yer yer 81
local beer *gebzu gebzu gebzu gebzu 81
mouth *eːdu eːd eːdu eːdu 81
say! *geː geː geː gä-n 81
fight *bäč’a bäč’a bäč’a bäč’a 81
jigger *mužära mužära mužära mujära 81
three *kädu kädu kädu kädu 81
market *gäba gäba gäba gäba 81
lid (of clay) *kämbala kämbära kämbala 82
sing *áy áy áy áy 82
ten *tamu tamu tamu tamu 82
fight *bäč’a bäč’a bäč’a bäč’a 82
black *s’ans s’ans s’ahn s’anɨz 82
this (masc.) *haːs (h)áːs háːs aː 82
eye *(ʔ)aːbu (ʔ)aːb (ʔ)aːf (ʔ)aːbu 82
two *t’aːgn t’aːgn t’aːgn t’aːgn 82
five *uçu uçu uççu uçu 82
four *kúbum kúbM kúbM kúbM 82
enset *udu udu udu udu 82
smoke *č’ubu č’ubu č’ufu č’ubu 82
wild animal *nuːt’u nuːt’u nuːt’u nuːdu 82
bone *uːs uːs uːs uːs 82
earth *tuːr tuːru tuːr tuːr 82
cardamom *orš_ orša orš orši 82
wing *kongu kongu kongu kongu 82
fat *kow kow kow kowu 82
mill *goːlu goːru goːlu goːlu 83
open! *beáh beáh beáh bʸáh 83
chief *keaz keaz keas kʸáz 83
big *ʔeáts ʔeáts ʔeáts ʔʸáts 83
ear *háːy háːy/ʔáːy háːy háːy/ʔáːy 83
water *haːy haːy/ʔaːy haːy haːy/ʔaːy 83
pass the night *hàːy hàːy/ʔàːy háːy hàːy-n/ʔàːy-n 83

References

  • Aklilu, Yilma. 2003. Comparative phonology of the Maji languages. Journal of Ethiopian studies 36: 59-88.
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