| Proto-form |
Proto-language |
Gloss
|
| *joŋa |
Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) |
‘(boar’s) tusk’
|
| *kula |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘(bright) red’
|
| *kuni |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘? frog, tadpole’
|
| *kome-kome |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘? generic for cone shells’
|
| *sisira |
Proto-Malaita-Makira |
‘a barnacle or kind of small mollusc’
|
| *likāpi |
Proto-Chuukic |
‘a bird’
|
| *ma(k,q)eto |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘a dark fish, possibly Ctenochaetus striatus’
|
| *maqeto |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘a dark fish, possibly Ctenochaetus striatus’, see *ma(k,q)eto
|
| *masa |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘a small dark Acanthuridae, possibly Zebrasoma scopas, blue-lined tang or A. pyroferus, mimic surgeonfish’
|
| *saŋa-saŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘a starfish’
|
| *sisi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘a univalve mollusc’
|
| *paqala |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Acanthocybium solandri, wahoo’
|
| *maqito |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Acanthuridae, possibly Ctenochaetus striatus, lined bristletooth’
|
| *kir |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthuridae’
|
| *bala(ŋ,k)i |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthurus and Naso spp.’
|
| *balaki |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthurus and Naso spp.’, see *bala(ŋ,k)i
|
| *(s,ð)abi |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Acanthurus guttatus, spotted surgeonfish’
|
| *ðabi |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Acanthurus guttatus, spotted surgeonfish’, see *(s,ð)abi
|
| *hapi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Acanthurus guttatus’
|
| *biapa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthurus lineatus, blue-lined surgeonfish’
|
| *palaŋi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Acanthurus sp. of large size and elongate shape’
|
| *pone |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Acanthurus sp. or Ctenochaetus striatus’
|
| *maRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthurus sp., possibly A. xanthopterus, yellowfin surgeonfish’
|
| *qaloŋo |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Acanthurus sp., probably A. lineatus, blue-lined surgeonfish’
|
| *qavali |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Acanthurus sp.’
|
| *tusi |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Acanthurus sp.’
|
| *abiŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthurus spp., incl. A. guttatus, white-spotted surgeonfish’
|
| *jabiŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthurus spp., incl. A. guttatus, white-spotted surgeonfish’, see *abiŋ
|
| *balaŋi |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Acanthurus spp.’
|
| *manini |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Acanthurus triostegus, convict tang’
|
| *katawan |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthurus, surgeonfish’
|
| *paliR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthurus, surgeonfish’
|
| *paliR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Acanthurus, surgeonfish’, see *paliR
|
| *malau-taqa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Adioryx sp.’
|
| *taqa-malau |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Adioryx sp.’
|
| *donu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘adult Plectropomus’
|
| *vaRi manu |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Aetobatis narinari, eagle ray’
|
| *fai-manu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Aetobatis narinari, eagle ray’
|
| *paRi-manuk |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Aetobatus narinari, spotted eagle ray’
|
| *kiokio |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Albula vulpes, bonefish’
|
| *laweŋa |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Alectis indicus, plumed trevally or mirrorfish’
|
| *bulewa |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘an organism growing on rocks, possibly encrusting brown rock coral’
|
| *sasā |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘anchovy’
|
| *druman(e,i) |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘anemone’
|
| *tuna |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Anguilla spp., freshwater eel’
|
| *tuna |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Anguillidae, freshwater eel (generic)’
|
| *tuna |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Anguillidae, freshwater eel’
|
| *drui |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘ant’
|
| *qutur |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Aprion virescens, green jobfish’
|
| *qutu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Aprion virescens, grey jobfish’
|
| *qutu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Aprion virescens, grey jobfish’
|
| *banic |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘arm, hand, wing, fin (probably pectoral)’
|
| *kome |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘armlets made from cone or trochus shell’, *ko-kome or
|
| *teqe-teqe |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Arothron and Canthigaster spp., pufferfish’
|
| *jexejexe |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Arothron’
|
| *tutu |
Proto-North Vanuatu |
‘Baker’s Pigeon, Ducula bakeri’
|
| *bubu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Balistes taxon, triggerfish’
|
| *bwaRu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Balistes taxon, triggerfish’
|
| *jumu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Balistidae, triggerfish and possibly Monacanthidae, leatherjackets’
|
| *sumu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Balistidae’
|
| *cumu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Balistoidei, triggerfish’
|
| *mwajar |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bandicoot’
|
| *foto |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘barb of stingray’
|
| *lulu |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Barn Owl, Tyto alba’
|
| *sumʷit |
Proto-South Vanuatu (PSV) |
‘Barn Owl, Tyto alba’
|
| *mʷen |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘Barn Owl, Tyto alba’
|
| *malisa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘barracuda’
|
| *tarawa |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘barracuda’
|
| *bunaR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘batfish, Platax sp. or spp., possibly Naso sp. or spp.’
|
| *quloc-a(n) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘be maggoty’
|
| *(b,v)ili |
Proto-NW Solomonic |
‘Beach Stone-Curlew, Burhinus neglectus’
|
| *bili |
Proto-NW Solomonic |
‘Beach Stone-Curlew, Burhinus neglectus’, see *(b,v)ili
|
| *vili |
Proto-NW Solomonic |
‘Beach Stone-Curlew, Burhinus neglectus’, see *(b,v)ili
|
| *vili |
Proto-NW Solomonic |
‘Beach Stone-Curlew, Burhinus neglectus’, see *(b,v)ili
|
| *kapa (ᴠ) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘beat, of wings, fins, flippers’
|
| *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)i |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bee, buzzing insect’
|
| *ñiñi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bee, buzzing insect’, see *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)i
|
| *kororo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bee’
|
| *koo-kol,R]o |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘beetle that attacks plants’
|
| *koRo-koRo |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘beetle that attacks plants’, see *koo-kol,R]o
|
| *kamak |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘beetle, possibly longicorn’
|
| *manuɣ |
Proto-South Vanuatu (PSV) |
‘bird’
|
| *k(a)iau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’
|
| *kʷal(i)au |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’
|
| *mʷalau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’
|
| *kiau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’, see *k(a)iau
|
| *kʷalau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’, see *kʷal(i)au
|
| *toki |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘bite, peck’
|
| *sapulu(q) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bivalve mollusc, possibly Pinna sp.’
|
| *kaRi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bivalve sp. or spp, possibly cockle, used as a scraper’
|
| *tu(qu)asi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bivalve taxon, probably ark or cockle shell; possibly also grater or spoon made from this’
|
| *tu(qu)aði |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘bivalve taxon, probably ark or cockle shell; possibly also grater or spoon made from this’
|
| *tuaði |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘bivalve taxon, probably ark or cockle shell; possibly also grater or spoon made from this’, see *tu(qu)aði
|
| *tuasi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bivalve taxon, probably ark or cockle shell; possibly also grater or spoon made from this’, see *tu(qu)asi
|
| *japi (1) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bivalve taxon, probably P. maxima, gold-lipped pearl shell’, (2) ‘ornament made from this’
|
| *takuhali |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘black and white banded sea snake’
|
| *(y)aro(q) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘black-lipped pearl, Pinctada maxima‘, possibly generic for Pinctada spp.
|
| *lapiti |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘Black-naped Tern, Sterna sumatrana’
|
| *lapiti |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘Black-naped Tern, Sterna sumatrana’, see *lapiti
|
| *l(o,a)kuya |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘blenny’
|
| *lakuya |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘blenny’, see *l(o,a)kuya
|
| *pulu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘body hair, fur, feathers’
|
| *tuma |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘body louse’
|
| *kam(a,i,u)tuq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Bolbometopon, double-headed parrotfish’
|
| *kamituq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Bolbometopon, double-headed parrotfish’, see *kam(a,i,u)tuq
|
| *kamutuq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Bolbometopon, double-headed parrotfish’, see *kam(a,i,u)tuq
|
| *rowou |
Proto-North Vanuatu |
‘bonito, Thunnus sp.’
|
| *atu |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘bonito’
|
| *pu-pulan |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bony fish, Megalops, Albula spp.’
|
| *pulan |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bony fish, Megalops, Albula spp.’, see *pu-pulan
|
| *kuRo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘bony fish, probably Albula’
|
| *pue |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Booby, Sula sp.’
|
| *fua(kō) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Booby, Sula sp.’
|
| *(maua)kena |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘booby, Sula sp.’
|
| *kemoa |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘booby’
|
| *katoko |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘booby’
|
| *ali |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Bothus spp., flounder’
|
| *moa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘boxfish’
|
| *mwa(toqu) |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘boxfish’
|
| *ovi(s), *ovis-i- (1) |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘brood, sit on eggs’; (2) ‘cover chicks with wings’
|
| *kanapu |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘Brown Booby, Sula leucogaster’
|
| *b(a,e,i)risu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’
|
| *b(w)ilake |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’
|
| *biŋ |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’
|
| *weka |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’
|
| *berisu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’, see *b(a,e,i)risu
|
| *birisu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’, see *b(a,e,i)risu
|
| *rokrok |
Proto-Meso-Melanesian ? |
‘bullfrog’
|
| *tifi-tifi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘butterfly fish (generic)’
|
| *bebek |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘butterfly, moth’
|
| *bebek |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘butterfly, moth’, see *bebek
|
| *bobo(ŋ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘butterfly’
|
| *bebelo |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘butterfly’
|
| *qara-bembem |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘butterfly’
|
| *pepele |
Proto-NW Solomonic |
‘butterfly’
|
| *bobo(ŋ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘butterfly’, see *bobo(ŋ)
|
| *ŋiŋi(ŋ) (1) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘buzz as a mosquito’, (2) ‘mosquito’ (onomatopoeic)
|
| *suli(k) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Caesionidae, fusilier’
|
| *aroŋo |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘Carangid fish, pompano, skipjack’
|
| *mamula |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘carangid’
|
| *qulua |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘carangid’
|
| *taliku |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Carangid’
|
| *jeu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘carangid’
|
| *soke(lau) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Carangid’
|
| *teu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Carangid’
|
| *soke |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Carangid’, see *soke(lau)
|
| *filu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Carangidae’
|
| *pakewa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Carangoides ferdau jordan’
|
| *pilu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Caranx sp. or spp., trevally’
|
| *qulua |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Caranx sp., possibly C. ignobilis, big-headed jack (Carangidae)’
|
| *qulua |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Caranx sp., possibly C. ignobilis, big-headed jack’
|
| *tafaquli |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Caranx sp., possibly C. lugubris’
|
| *qulua |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Caranx sp., probably mature phase of C. ignobilis’
|
| *aseu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Caranx sp.’
|
| *lupo |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Caranx spp.
|
| *lubo |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Caranx spp.’
|
| *dilit(i,u) |
Proto-North Vanuatu |
‘Caranx spp.’
|
| *bʷatu-(i)-manu |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘Cardinal Honeyeater, Myzomela cardinalis’ (lit. ‘head of bird’)
|
| *qalili |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘cat’s eye shell, Turbo sp.’
|
| *qanupe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘caterpillar or k.o. sea cucumber (indeterminate)’
|
| *muno |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘caterpillar, grub’
|
| *qanupe |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘caterpillar’
|
| *kaboRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘catfish-eel, Plotosus sp.’
|
| *qalipan |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘centipede’
|
| *weli (1) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘centipede’, (2) ‘marine annelid like a centipede’
|
| *loi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Cephalopholis argus, peacock rock cod’
|
| *tivi-tivi |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Chaetodon spp.’
|
| *tipi-tipi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Chaetodontidae’
|
| *qawa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Chanos chanos, milkfish or salmon herring’
|
| *qawaq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Chanos chanos, milkfish’
|
| *qawa |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Chanos’
|
| *papu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Cheilinus sp.’
|
| *taŋafa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Cheilinus sp.’
|
| *babu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Cheilinus spp., Maori wrasse’
|
| *mamin |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Cheilinus undulatus, double-headed Maori wrasse and possibly other wrasse spp.’
|
| *taŋava |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Cheilinus undulatus’
|
| *mama |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘chiton’
|
| *kālisi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘cicada, cricket’
|
| *l(a,e)le |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘cicada’
|
| *lele |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘cicada’, see *l(a,e)le
|
| *kepwa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Clupeidae, probably sardine sp.’
|
| *s(a,i)waRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Clupeidae, sardine or herring’
|
| *siwaRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Clupeidae, sardine or herring’, see *s(a,i)waRa
|
| *ka-lewe-lewe |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘cobweb, spider’
|
| *ipos |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘cockroach’
|
| *kwaru-kwaru |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘cockroach’
|
| *musi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘cockroach’
|
| *moŋa-moŋa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘cockroach’
|
| *qayuyu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘coconut crab, Birgus latro’
|
| *qūqū |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘coconut crab, Birgus latro’
|
| *kula |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Collared Lory, Phigys solitarius’
|
| *ŋoŋo |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Common Noddy, Anous stolidus’
|
| *lako (1) |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘cone or trochus shell’, (2) ‘various ornaments made from this’
|
| *baku |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘conger eel’
|
| *bon(u,o) |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘conger eel’
|
| *puŋa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘coral rock’
|
| *palata |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Coryphaena hippurus, dolphinfish’
|
| *masi-masi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Coryphaena hippurus, dolphinfish’
|
| *pule |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘cowrie’
|
| *kape |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘crab taxon, probably a rock crab (Grapsidae)’
|
| *qura |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘crayfish’
|
| *ki(t,s)o |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Crested Baza, Aviceda subcristata’
|
| *kiso |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Crested Baza, Aviceda subcristata’, see *ki(t,s)o
|
| *puqaya |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘crocodile’
|
| *(kao)kao |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘crow, Corvus sp.’
|
| *ka(r,R)o(kV) |
Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) |
‘crow’
|
| *bʷayobʷayo |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘crow’
|
| *Rami |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘crustacean roe’
|
| *ami |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘crustacean roe’
|
| *woku |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Cuckoo Dove, Macropygia sp.’
|
| *seke |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘cuckoo, possibly Centropus sp.’
|
| *lVvusi |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘cuckoo’
|
| *(li)kapilei |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘cuckoo’
|
| *kapilei |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘cuckoo’, see *(li)kapilei
|
| *pʷisu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Cuckoo-shrike, Coracina sp.’
|
| *tautu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Diodon sp.’
|
| *tautu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Diodon spp., porcupine fish’
|
| *taRutu(m,ŋ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Diodon spp., porcupinefish’
|
| *kapuna |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘dog’
|
| *ka(u,w)ak |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘dog’
|
| *paia |
Proto-Western Oceanic (?) |
‘dog’
|
| *gavun |
Proto-North New Guinea (PNNG) |
‘dog’
|
| *kasi |
Proto-North Bougainville |
‘dog’
|
| *kikiroa~*kikiora |
Proto-Oceanic (?) |
‘Dollar Bird, Eurystomus orientalis’
|
| *ule(o) |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘Dollar Bird, Eurystomus orientalis’
|
| *kikiora |
Proto-Oceanic (?) |
‘Dollar Bird, Eurystomus orientalis’, see *kikiroa~*kikiora
|
| *guRio |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘dolphin (generic)’
|
| *ku(r,R)iap |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘dolphin’
|
| *giRio(p) |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘dolphin’
|
| *kua |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘dolphin’
|
| *iŋi |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘dorsal fin’
|
| *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘dove sp.’
|
| *lumuk(w)o |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘dove sp.’, see *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o
|
| *muk(w)o |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘dove sp.’, see *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o
|
| *Ramuk(w)o |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘dove sp.’, see *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o
|
| *Rumuk(w)o |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘dove sp.’, see *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o
|
| *ŋaRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘duck’
|
| *Raŋa |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘duck’
|
| *l(i)aŋ |
Proto-South Melanesian |
‘duck’
|
| *toloa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘duck’
|
| *mokolā |
Proto-Tahitic |
‘duck’
|
| *ruyuŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘dugong’
|
| *kasuari |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Dwarf Cassowary, Casuarius bennetti’
|
| *kamʷaga |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘eagle, hawk’
|
| *roqa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘eagle’
|
| *luar |
Proto-Oceanic (?) |
‘eagle’
|
| *taliŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘ear’
|
| *kele-mutu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘earthworm, grub’
|
| *tali-tali-quli |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Echeneis sp., remora, and Naucrates ductor, pilot fish’
|
| *qatoluR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘egg’
|
| *karau |
Proto-Central Micronesian |
‘Egretta sacra’
|
| *kamaRi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Elagatis bipinnulata, rainbow runner’
|
| *mʷaRaki |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘Emerald Dove, Chalcophaps indica’
|
| *koraŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘emperor, Lethrinidae’
|
| *ŋutuloa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Epibulis insidiator, slingjaw wrasse, or other long-nosed wrasse’
|
| *kalika |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Epinephelidae, rock cod’
|
| *fāpuku |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Epinephelus sp., possibly E. polyphekadion, marbled sea bass’
|
| *kito |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Epinephelus spp.
|
| *ŋwajala |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Epinephelus spp.’
|
| *udu |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘Eunice, palolo worm’
|
| *tawa-tawa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Euthynnus yaito , black tuna, or Gymnosarda unicolor, juvenile, dogtooth tuna’
|
| *taqe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘excrement’
|
| *mwagaRut |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Exocoetidae, flying fish’
|
| *marup |
Proto-South Melanesian |
‘falcon’
|
| *piRu(q) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fan palm’
|
| *takere |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Fantail, Rhipidura sp.’
|
| *laki |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fantail’
|
| *pitikole |
Proto-NW Solomonic |
‘fantail’
|
| *sora |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘fantail’
|
| *vete-vete |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘fantail’
|
| *k(w)ilo(ki) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘female Eclectus Parrot’
|
| *bwarabwara |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘female pig’
|
| *kām(o,u)tu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘female Scarus sordidus’
|
| *kāmutu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘female Scarus sordidus’, see *kām(o,u)tu
|
| *tanifa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘fierce shark’
|
| *(k,q)ali-totop |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘firefly’
|
| *qali-popot |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘firefly’
|
| *qali-totop |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘firefly’, see *(k,q)ali-totop
|
| *weli (1) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fireworm, sea centipede’, (2) ‘? k.o. millipede or centipede’
|
| *ikan |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fish (generic)’
|
| *siRiko |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fish fin’
|
| *sio(R,r)a |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘fish fin’
|
| *kapa-kapa (ɴ) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘fish fins’; (ᴠ) ‘flap wings’
|
| *kōpū |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘fish gullet’
|
| *quna |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘fish scale, turtle shell’
|
| *kapoa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘fish sp., probably Plotosus sp., catfish’
|
| *kulapo |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘fish sp.’
|
| *taragau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fish-eating eagle or hawk’
|
| *bʷamara |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘fishing bird of prey’
|
| *qunap |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fishscale’
|
| *tao-tao |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Fistularia spp., probably including trumpetfish’
|
| *bābā |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Fistularia, flutefish’
|
| *tao-tao |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Fistularia, flutefish’
|
| *alali |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘flatfish incl. flounders, soles’
|
| *alali |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘flatfish incl. flounders, soles’, see *alali
|
| *lalali, *ali |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘flatfish’
|
| *Ropok |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fly, jump’
|
| *laŋo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fly’
|
| *k(o,u)vi |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Flycatcher, Myiagra sp.’
|
| *kuvi |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Flycatcher, Myiagra sp.’, see *k(o,u)vi
|
| *paRapaRa |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘flycatcher’
|
| *manuk (1) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘flying creature’, (2) ‘animal’
|
| *magaRut |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘flying fish’
|
| *maŋar |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘flying fish’
|
| *bweka |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘flying fox, large fruit bat’
|
| *mali-bweka |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘flying fox, large fruit bat’
|
| *mali-boŋi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘flying fox’
|
| *mū |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘flying insect’
|
| *kokorako |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fowl, Gallus gallus, esp. male’
|
| *toqa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘fowl’
|
| *moa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘fowl’
|
| *(dr,d)aula |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘frigate bird’
|
| *katapa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘frigate bird’
|
| *belama |
Proto-NW Solomonic |
‘frigate bird’
|
| *kaidaa(n) |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘frigate bird’
|
| *daula |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘frigate bird’, see *(dr,d)aula
|
| *kuRau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘frog taxon’
|
| *pa(R,r)a(C) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘frog’
|
| *karok |
Proto-North New Guinea (PNNG) |
‘frog’
|
| *g(a)umu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’
|
| *va(o,u) |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’
|
| *tobaka |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’
|
| *vʷeru |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’
|
| *gumu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’, see *g(a)umu
|
| *vau |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’, see *va(o,u)
|
| *qulo-quloc |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘full of maggots’
|
| *huli |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘fusilier sp.’
|
| *panapa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘garfish and needlefish taxon’
|
| *haku |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘garfish and needlefish’
|
| *paŋoda |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘gather seafood on the reef’
|
| *pili |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘gecko; adhere to’
|
| *tok, *totok |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘gecko’
|
| *totok |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘gecko’, see *tok, *totok
|
| *malau |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘general term for a number of fishes of the genera Holocentrus, Adioryx, Myripristis and Flammeo, soldier fishes and squirrelfishes’
|
| *manu-manuk |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘general term for insects and other small land invertebrates’
|
| *maŋō |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘general term for shark spp.’
|
| *laje |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘generic for branching corals’
|
| *bebek |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘generic for Chaetodontidae, coralfish and butterflyfish’
|
| *tadruku |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘generic for chitons’
|
| *tapuRiq (1) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘generic for conch shells, esp. triton’s trumpet, Charonia tritonis and allied spp.; possibly extended to some Cassis (helmet) shells’, (2) ‘trumpet of Charonia shell’
|
| *buli(q) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘generic for cowries’
|
| *ikan |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘generic for fish (and certain other free-swimming aquatic creatures)’
|
| *(m,p)anoko |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘generic for gobies, mudskippers, blennies’
|
| *panoko |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘generic for gobies, mudskippers, blennies’, see *(m,p)anoko
|
| *quŋa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘generic for hermit crab’
|
| *qumwaŋ (1) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘generic for hermit crabs’, ? (2) ‘generic for hermit and coconut crabs’
|
| *tāpea |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘generic for morays’
|
| *kuRita |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘generic for octopus’
|
| *quraŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘generic for prawns and shrimps, crayfish and lobsters’
|
| *bon(e,a) |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘generic for various small Acanthuridae’
|
| *bona |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘generic for various small Acanthuridae’, see *bon(e,a)
|
| *mwata-mwata |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘generic for worms and worm-like creatures’
|
| *matu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Gerres spp., mojarras’
|
| *matu |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Gerres spp., silver biddy’
|
| *matu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Gerres’
|
| *kaRuki, (dbl. *kaRuiki) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘ghost crab, Ocypoda sp., small white crab found on sandy beaches’
|
| *kauki, *kawiki |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘ghost crab, Ocypoda sp.’
|
| *kawiki |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘ghost crab, Ocypoda sp.’
|
| *kima |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘giant clam, Tridacna spp., include. T. gigas’
|
| *(b,v)āsua |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘giant clam, Tridacna spp.’
|
| *gara |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘gills’
|
| *koro |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘gills’
|
| *qasaŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘gills’
|
| *tap(w)a |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘glide, soar’
|
| *vilu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Gnathanodon, Trachinotus’
|
| *tiqo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘goatfish sp. or spp.’
|
| *sapulu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘goatfish spp.’
|
| *mwacasi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘goatfish’
|
| *sua-sua |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘goatfish’
|
| *taŋitaŋi |
Proto-North Vanuatu |
‘goatfish’
|
| *kakawa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘goby, blenny’
|
| *sau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Golden Whistler, Pachycephala pectoralis’
|
| *(s,j)eqe |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘grasshopper ?’
|
| *jeqe |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘grasshopper ?’, see *(s,j)eqe
|
| *sakwa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘grasshopper or stick insect’
|
| *siko |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘grasshopper’
|
| *gala |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘green lizard, Emoia sp.’
|
| *arawa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘green parrotfish spp.’
|
| *karawa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘green parrotfish spp.’, see *arawa
|
| *manak(V) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘green turtle, Chelonia mydas’
|
| *tū |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘ground dove’
|
| *tū, *tū-kele |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘ground dove’
|
| *tabwale |
Proto-North Vanuatu |
‘grouper’
|
| *kalo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘growth stage of goatfish’
|
| *hafulu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘growth stage of goatfish’
|
| *kaloama |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘growth stage of goatfish’
|
| *roRo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘growth stage of Siganus spp.’
|
| *tawa-tawa |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘growth stage of skipjack or dogtooth tuna’
|
| *moto-moto |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘growth stage of Sphyraena sp.’
|
| *i-kata |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘growth term for Caranx sp’
|
| *kata |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘growth term for Caranx sp’
|
| *dābea |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Gymnothorax, moray eel’
|
| *ipu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘hair, feather’
|
| *ise |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘halfbeak spp.’
|
| *mata qi taliŋa |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘hammerhead shark’
|
| *kisakisa |
Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) |
‘hawk or eagle’
|
| *tava |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘hawk or eagle’
|
| *bʷakole |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘hawk or kite’
|
| *ta(ou)k |
Proto-Oceanic (?) |
‘hawk, bird of prey’
|
| *pʷa(r,R)a |
Proto-Oceanic (?) |
‘hawk’
|
| *kipa |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘hawk’
|
| *kitave |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘hawk’
|
| *mala |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘hawk’
|
| *patuki |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘hawkfish’
|
| *qulu-tuki |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘hawkfish’
|
| *keRaŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata’
|
| *kea |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘hawksbill turtle’
|
| *sipa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Hemiramphus spp.’
|
| *mwakoR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Hemiramphus, garfish’
|
| *Rije |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Hemiramphus, halfbeak’
|
| *ŋwa(k,x)a |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Hemiramphus’
|
| *qupa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘hen’
|
| *kato(q)u |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘hermit crab’
|
| *koba |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘hermit crab’
|
| *kato(q)u |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘hermit crab’
|
| *kautuku~*kootuku |
Proto-Central Eastern Polynesian |
‘heron sp.’
|
| *boqe |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘heron, Egretta sp.’
|
| *bʷaro |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘heron, probably Egretta sp.’
|
| *kao(i) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘heron, probably Egretta sp.’
|
| *kaopa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘heron, probably Egretta sp.’
|
| *qova |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘heron, probably Egretta sp.’
|
| *sou (?) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘heron’
|
| *bʷan(ie) |
Proto-South Vanuatu (PSV) |
‘heron’
|
| *karaɨ |
Proto-Chuukic |
‘heron’
|
| *qulavi |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Hipposcarus longiceps’
|
| *ioli |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘honeyeater’
|
| *midi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘honeyeater’
|
| *(b,v)asilo |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘honeyeater’
|
| *vasilo |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘honeyeater’, see *(b,v)asilo
|
| *binam |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘hornbill’
|
| *koŋo(k) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘hornbill’
|
| *komo |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘hornbill’
|
| *seqe |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘insect spp. including mantis, stick insect, locust’
|
| *was(i,e) |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus’
|
| *wase |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus’, see *was(i,e)
|
| *piRu-piRu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Istiophoridae’
|
| *lupo-lupo |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘juvenile Caranx spp.’
|
| *kava-kava |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘juvenile Liza vaigiensis’
|
| *jeqevo(o,u) |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘juvenile mullet’
|
| *qaua |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘juvenile mullet’
|
| *rō |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘juvenile Siganus’
|
| *sao-sao |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘juvenile Sphyraena sp.’
|
| *mama |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘k.o. anemone or jellyfish’
|
| *kaRuve |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘k.o. beach crab, probably Ocypoda sp., ghost crab’
|
| *tabuRuRu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. beetle’
|
| *paRia |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘k.o. big lizard’
|
| *tu(q)e, *tu(q)e-tu(q)e |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. bivalve, possibly Lucinidae and allied families’
|
| *tue, *tue-tue |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. bivalve, possibly Lucinidae and allied families’, see *tu(q)e, *tu(q)e-tu(q)e
|
| *tape |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. bivalve’
|
| *tofe |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘k.o. bivalve’
|
| *pupuk |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. borer wasp or bee that infests wood and bamboo’
|
| *kaRaka |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. crab, possibly rock crab.’
|
| *bwalup |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. eel, moray eel ?’
|
| *bonu |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘k.o. eel, probably conger’
|
| *(t,d)oloq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. eel’
|
| *pulewa |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘k.o. eel’
|
| *bulewa |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. eel’
|
| *doloq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. eel’, see *(t,d)oloq
|
| *bakewa |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. fish that accompanies sharks’
|
| *toqa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. fish with toxic flesh, probably Ostracion’
|
| *uvi |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. fish, poss. Eleotridae’
|
| *buRi-buRi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. fish, possibly angelfish’
|
| *bakopu |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘k.o. fish, possibly Eleotris sp.’
|
| *oka |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. fish, possibly Lethrinus spp.
|
| *buma |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘k.o. fish, possibly sardine’
|
| *kawaŋo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. fish, probably Lethrinus sp.’
|
| *kaRapa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. fish’
|
| *moto |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘k.o. fish’
|
| *mala |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘k.o. fish’
|
| *kwekwe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. frog’
|
| *wete |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘k.o. goatfish, including Mulloidichthys’
|
| *pwi(r,R)itu(r,R,s) |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘k.o. goatfish’
|
| *teu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. goatfish’
|
| *bak(u)i |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. jellyfish or hydroid’
|
| *baki |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. jellyfish or hydroid’, see *bak(u)i
|
| *kalukalu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘k.o. jellyfish’
|
| *rakum(u) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. large crab, probably a land crab’
|
| *nai-ufi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘k.o. large shark, probably tiger or grey reef shark’
|
| *qaso |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. large shark’
|
| *wak(i,e) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. lizard, possibly a monitor’
|
| *wake |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. lizard, possibly a monitor’, see *wak(i,e)
|
| *bili |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. lizard’
|
| *kapoRu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. lizard’
|
| *kuk(o,u) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. lizard’
|
| *vokai |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. lizard’
|
| *kuku |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. lizard’, see *kuk(o,u)
|
| *sao |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. long tom’
|
| *bio |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘k.o. mollusc or pearl shell’
|
| *game |
Proto-Meso-Melanesian |
‘k.o. mollusc’
|
| *lele-fua |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘k.o. moth’
|
| *lele-fua |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘k.o. moth’, see *lele-fua
|
| *kosa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. parrotfish’
|
| *meaŋa~*maeŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. parrotfish’
|
| *maleŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. parrotfish’, see *meaŋa~*maeŋa
|
| *maneŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. parrotfish’, see *meaŋa~*maeŋa
|
| *menaŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. parrotfish’, see *meaŋa~*maeŋa
|
| *walu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. pelagic fish’
|
| *ibo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. sandworm, probably Sipunculus sp.’
|
| *ðuðu-walu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. sea cucumber, probably Holothuria sp.’
|
| *(p,b)ula |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. sea cucumber’
|
| *bula |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. sea cucumber’, see *(p,b)ula
|
| *dābea |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. sea eel or sea snake’
|
| *(k,q)asuli |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. sea eel’
|
| *qasuli |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. sea eel’
|
| *qasuli |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. sea eel’, see *(k,q)asuli
|
| *sala(n,ŋ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. sea urchin with long black spines, probably Diadema sp. or spp.’
|
| *salaŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. sea urchin with long black spines, probably Diadema sp. or spp.’, see *sala(n,ŋ)
|
| *gina |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘k.o. sea urchin with long spines’
|
| *saRawaki |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. sea urchin, probably Echinometra sp. or spp.’
|
| *kwarawa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. shark’
|
| *maŋewa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. shark’
|
| *qalawa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘k.o. shark’
|
| *jove |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. shellfish or barnacle’
|
| *(g,k)alau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. shore crab, possibly a grapsid sp.’
|
| *kalis(i,u) |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘k.o. skink’
|
| *kalisu |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘k.o. skink’, see *kalis(i,u)
|
| *paya |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. small fish, sardine or anchovy’
|
| *vo(q)o |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. small fish’
|
| *vua-vua |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. small fish’
|
| *vō |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. small fish’, see *vo(q)o
|
| *vaya |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. small school fish’
|
| *sarā |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. small schooling fish’
|
| *mo(g,k)o |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. snake’
|
| *sibi |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘k.o. snake’
|
| *moko |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. snake’, see *mo(g,k)o
|
| *tuku-tuku |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘k.o. spider which lowers itself on a single thread’
|
| *gagao ~ *(g,k)a(g,k)a- |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. spider’
|
| *ka(p,b)ilakwa |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘k.o. spider’
|
| *ko-miji |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘k.o. spider’
|
| *gaga |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. spider’, see *gagao ~ *(g,k)a(g,k)a-
|
| *kaka |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. spider’, see *gagao ~ *(g,k)a(g,k)a-
|
| *kabilakwa |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘k.o. spider’, see *ka(p,b)ilakwa
|
| *bubu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. wasp’
|
| *mañipo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. wasp’
|
| *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)ipo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. wasp’
|
| *gumu |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘k.o. wasp’
|
| *ñiñipo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘k.o. wasp’, see *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)ipo
|
| *dimwan |
Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) |
‘k.o. worm’
|
| *qatun |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Katsuwonus pelamis, skipjack tuna’
|
| *qatu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Katsuwonus pelamis, skipjack tuna’
|
| *kiki |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘kingfisher’
|
| *ki(o)kio |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘kingfisher’
|
| *(s,j)iko |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘kingfisher’
|
| *jiko |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘kingfisher’, see *(s,j)iko
|
| *kikio |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘kingfisher’, see *ki(o)kio
|
| *ranue |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Kyohosidae’
|
| *maka(o,u)r |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Kyphosidae, drummer’
|
| *makaur |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Kyphosidae, drummer’, see *maka(o,u)r
|
| *r(a,e)nu(a,e) |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Kyphosus, rudderfish’
|
| *renu(a,e) |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Kyphosus, rudderfish’, see *r(a,e)nu(a,e)
|
| *renu(a,e) |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Kyphosus, rudderfish’, see *r(a,e)nu(a,e)
|
| *r(a,e)nu(a,e) |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Kyphosus’
|
| *tahiwa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘L. monostigma, one spot seaperch’
|
| *tapu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Labridae sp.’
|
| *tuvu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Labridae sp.’
|
| *labe |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Labridae, wrasse’
|
| *suŋale |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Labridae’
|
| *Raŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lambis spp., esp. spider conch, Lambis lambis’
|
| *tupa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘landcrab’
|
| *lō-qata |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘large ant’
|
| *bogi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large bird of prey sp., possibly sea eagle’
|
| *kasika |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large emperor, Lethrinus sp.’
|
| *munua |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘large Epinephelus sp.’
|
| *bwari |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘large frog’
|
| *qalimaŋo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Portunidae) and probably other portunids’
|
| *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’
|
| *kalipa(s) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’, see *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s)
|
| *kalupa(s) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’, see *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s)
|
| *karipa(s) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’, see *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s)
|
| *karupa(s) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’, see *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s)
|
| *koto(ŋ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large rock cod or grouper, Epinephelus sp.’
|
| *(b,v)asua |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘large shellfish, perhaps a bivalve’
|
| *vāsua |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘large shellfish, perhaps a bivalve’, see *(b,v) āsua
|
| *vasua |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘large shellfish, perhaps a bivalve’, see *(b,v)asua
|
| *fāsua |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘large shellfish, perhaps a bivalve’, see *(p,f) āsua
|
| *loRo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large stinging red ant’
|
| *taku(a,o) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘large tuna or skipjack’
|
| *taŋapa(R,r) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘large wrasse, including Cheilinus sp.’
|
| *mwanagi, *mwamwagi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘larger cuttlefish, Sepia sp. or spp.’
|
| *kapa-kapa (1) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘lateral fins’, (2) ‘flap wings’
|
| *tau(p) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘lay egg’
|
| *droman |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘leech’
|
| *(o,u)du |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Leodis viridis, palolo worm’
|
| *odu |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘Leodis viridis, palolo worm’
|
| *balolo (1) |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Leodis viridis, palolo worm’, (2) ‘name of the months when this worm rises’
|
| *udu |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Leodis viridis, palolo worm’, see *(o,u)du
|
| *kulabo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lethrinidae’
|
| *ŋujula |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Lethrinus elongatus’
|
| *kawaŋo |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Lethrinus nebulosus’
|
| *n(u,o)sa |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Lethrinus sp.’
|
| *kabatiko |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Lethrinus sp.’
|
| *nosa |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Lethrinus sp.’, see *n(u,o)sa
|
| *surup |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lethrinus spp.’
|
| *susul |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lethrinus spp.’
|
| *manu |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘living creature of land or air’
|
| *kanahe |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Liza cephalus, Crenimugil crenilabis and other mullet spp.’
|
| *kanaðe |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Liza spp.’
|
| *kaRapa |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Liza vaigiensis, diamond-scaled mullet’
|
| *kava |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Liza vaigiensis’
|
| *kafa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Liza vaigiensis’
|
| *moko |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘lizard’
|
| *kalewa |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Long-tailed Koel, Urodynamis taitensis’
|
| *kawekawesā |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Long-tailed Koel, Urodynamis taitensis’
|
| *tiro(p), *tirop-i- |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘look intently, look for (lice etc.)’
|
| *kutu (1) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘louse (generic)’, (2) ‘head louse’
|
| *(ð,s)abutu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Lutjanus and Lethrinus spp.’
|
| *s(a,ā)putu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Lutjanus and Lethrinus spp.’
|
| *sabutu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Lutjanus and Lethrinus spp.’, see *(ð,s)abutu
|
| *sawane |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Lutjanus kasmira’
|
| *batisai |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Lutjanus monostigma’
|
| *kwak(a,e) |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Lutjanus monostigma’
|
| *tāqea |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Lutjanus sp., probably L. gibbus’
|
| *tasiwa |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Lutjanus sp.’
|
| *taŋaqu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Lutjanus spp. including L. vaigiensis and probably other yellow or yellow-red species’
|
| *k(i,e)pV |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lutjanus spp., sea perch’
|
| *kepV |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lutjanus spp., sea perch’, see *k(i,e)pV
|
| *ta(Ra)qea |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lutjanus spp., snapper, sea perch’
|
| *taqea |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lutjanus spp., snapper, sea perch’, see *ta(Ra)qea
|
| *bwaa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lutjanus spp., snapper’
|
| *tasiwa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Lutjanus spp.’
|
| *toava |
Proto-North Vanuatu |
‘Mackinlay’s Cuckoo Dove, Macropygia mackinlayi’
|
| *bʷaueve |
Proto-Central Vanuatu |
‘Mackinlay’s Cuckoo Dove, Macropygia mackinlayi’
|
| *quloc |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘maggot’
|
| *kaRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘male Eclectus Parrot, Eclectus roratus’
|
| *ka(l,R)aŋa(r,R) |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘male Eclectus Parrot, Eclectus roratus’
|
| *kaRaŋa(r,R) |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘male Eclectus Parrot, Eclectus roratus’, see *ka(l,R)aŋa(r,R)
|
| *kuka |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘mangrove crab, Sesarma sp. or spp.’
|
| *pulewa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘marine substance/creature with stone-like or rough exterior’
|
| *qonos |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mature Sphyraena spp., possibly generic for all barracuda’
|
| *vula |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Megalops’
|
| *tiā(k,ŋ) |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘Melanesian Graybird, Coracina caledonica’
|
| *tiāŋ |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘Melanesian Graybird, Coracina caledonica’, see *tiā(k,ŋ)
|
| *kobu(ŋ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘middle, waist, belly’
|
| *mwali-X |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘millipede’
|
| *watiRi |
Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) |
‘monitor lizard, Varanus spp.’
|
| *(k,g)uma |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘monitor lizard’
|
| *(k,g)uma-kara |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘monitor lizard’
|
| *kalufa |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘monitor lizard’
|
| *guma |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘monitor lizard’, see *(k,g)uma
|
| *guma-kara |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘monitor lizard’, see *(k,g)uma-kara
|
| *(m,b)ū |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Monotaxis grandoculis, large-eyed sea bream’
|
| *bū |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Monotaxis grandoculis, large-eyed sea bream’, see *(m,b)ū
|
| *bwa(s,j)i |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘moray eel’
|
| *bwa(s,j)i |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘moray eel’, see *bwa(s,j)i
|
| *tapatapa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Moreton Bay Bug’
|
| *simuk |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mosquito, small biting fly’
|
| *ma-kini(t) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mosquito’
|
| *ñamuk |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mosquito’
|
| *ŋati-ŋati |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘mosquito’
|
| *ŋuju |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mouth, lips, snout, beak’
|
| *kuka |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mudcrab, including Sesarma sp. or spp., living in mangrove forest and mudflats’
|
| *talae |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘mudskipper’
|
| *(k,q)aRua(s) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mullet (generic)’
|
| *qaRua(s) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mullet (generic)’, see *(k,q)aRua(s)
|
| *qaua |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘mullet sp.’
|
| *kanase |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mullet spp. including Valamugil cunnesius’
|
| *kanase |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘mullet’
|
| *oje |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Mullidae’
|
| *memea |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Mulloides sp., goatfish’
|
| *buRua |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Murex sp.’
|
| *kuku |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘mussel sp. (Mytilidae)’
|
| *kuku(r) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘mussel sp. or spp., used as food grater or scraper’
|
| *kuru |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Myripristis sp.’
|
| *kuru |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Myripristis spp., squirrelfish’
|
| *kuru |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Myripristis’
|
| *kuku |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘nail (of hand or foot), claw’
|
| *m(a,o)nuRV |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Naso sp., unicornfish’
|
| *qume |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Naso sp., unicornfish’
|
| *monuRV |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Naso sp., unicornfish’, see *m(a,o)nuRV
|
| *ma(c,s)i-ma(c,s)i |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Naso sp.’
|
| *tā |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Naso sp.’
|
| *masi-masi |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Naso sp.’, see *ma(c,s)i-ma(c,s)i
|
| *taRat |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Naso spp., incl. N. brevirostris, short snouted unicornfish’
|
| *qume |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Naso unicornis, long-snouted unicornfish’
|
| *saku |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘needlefish, garfish, long toms (Belonidae)’
|
| *saku |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘needlefishes, garfishes, long toms (Belonidae)’
|
| *marotV |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Nemipterus spp.’
|
| *(n,ñ)iku~*nuki |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘nest’
|
| *ova |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘nest’
|
| *nuki |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘nest’, see *(n,ñ)iku~*nuki
|
| *ñiku |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘nest’, see *(n,ñ)iku~*nuki
|
| *hʷeek |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘New Caledonian Crow, Corvus moneduloides’
|
| *kaka |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘New Caledonian Crow, Corvus moneduloides’
|
| *ŋako |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Night Heron, Nycticorax sp.’
|
| *tila |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘night heron, Nycticorax sp.’
|
| *liŋo-liŋo |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘night insect, probably a cricket’
|
| *lisaq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘nit’
|
| *ka(R,r)oma |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘nit’
|
| *lejaŋ |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘nit’
|
| *mrari |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Novaculichthys, wrasse’
|
| *marari |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Novaculichthys, wrasse’, see *mrari
|
| *buRu |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘octopus ink, sepia’
|
| *palu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘oilfish; deep-sea snapper’
|
| *riŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘orthopterous insect’
|
| *sisi(rR) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘orthopterous insect’
|
| *wāwā |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘orthopterous insect’
|
| *maya |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Osprey, Pandion haliaetus’
|
| *wakio |
Proto-Malaita-Makira |
‘Osprey, Pandion haliaetus’
|
| *moa-moa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Ostraciidae, boxfish’
|
| *bwaReu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Ostracion, boxfish’
|
| *bwar(o)-*bwar(o) |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Ostracion, boxfish’
|
| *gwao-gwao |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Ostracion’
|
| *moa(moa) |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Ostracion’
|
| *toa |
Proto-Fijian (PFij) |
‘Ostracion’
|
| *drudru(r,R) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘owl’
|
| *kuru(dr,d)u |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘owl’
|
| *pora |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘owl’
|
| *wisi |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘owl’
|
| *kurudu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘owl’, see *kuru(dr,d)u
|
| *tiRom |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘oyster (Ostreidae, Isognomonidae)’
|
| *tio |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘oyster sp.’
|
| *tuli(i) |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Pacific Golden Plover, Pluvialis fulva’
|
| *tōrea |
Proto-Central Eastern Polynesian |
‘Pacific Golden Plover, Pluvialis fulva’
|
| *bala |
Proto-Central Vanuatu |
‘Pacific Marsh Harrier, Circus approximans’
|
| *deŋ |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘Pacific Marsh Harrier, Circus approximans’
|
| *ru(b,v)e |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Pacific Pigeon, Ducula pacifica’
|
| *ruve |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Pacific Pigeon, Ducula pacifica’, see *ru(b,v)e
|
| *palolo (1) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘palolo worm’, (2) ‘name of the months when this rises’
|
| *paba |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Parribacus sp. (Scyllaridae), slipper lobster’
|
| *jabajaba |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Parribacus sp. (Scyllaridae), slipper lobster’
|
| *paba |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Parribacus sp. (Scyllaridae), slipper lobster’, see *paba
|
| *kiRak |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘parrot sp.’
|
| *pʷiri(p) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘parrot sp.’
|
| *seŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘parrot sp.’
|
| *kirori |
Proto-Malaita-Makira |
‘parrot sp.’
|
| *sipi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘parrot, perhaps Cardinal Lory, Chalcopsitta cardinalis’
|
| *siri |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘parrot, perhaps Cardinal Lory, Chalcopsitta cardinalis’
|
| *marewe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘parrot’
|
| *(k,q)ulapi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘parrotfish spp., incl. Hipposcarus longiceps, longnosed parrotfish’
|
| *(k,q)ulapi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘parrotfish spp., incl. Hipposcarus longiceps, long-nosed parrotfish’
|
| *qulapi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘parrotfish spp., incl. Hipposcarus longiceps, long-nosed parrotfish’, see *(k,q)ulapi
|
| *matu-xurau |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Parupeneus sp.’
|
| *ŋwaðaði |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Parupeneus sp.’
|
| *moaŋa |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘Parupeneus spp.’
|
| *jiva |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘pearl oyster, including Pinctada spp.’
|
| *toki |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘peck’ (also perhaps of fish nibbling at bait)
|
| *kapi-kapi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pectoral fins’
|
| *taliŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pectoral fins’
|
| *manivi |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Pempheris sp.’
|
| *si(r,R)(a,e)si(r,R)(a,e), *di(r,R)(a,e)di(r,R)(a,e) |
Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) |
‘Petaurus breviceps, sugar glider’
|
| *saba(l) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘petrel or albatross’
|
| *lofa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘petrel or other large sea bird’
|
| *koro + modifier |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘petrel’
|
| *ta(i)ko(k) |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘petrel’
|
| *tinebu |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘petrel’
|
| *n-tako-tako(k) |
Proto-South Vanuatu (PSV) |
‘petrel’
|
| *taiko |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘petrel’
|
| *tako(k) |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘petrel’, see *ta(i)ko(k)
|
| *k(w)adroRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘phalanger, cuscus’
|
| *taqe-tuli |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘phosphorescent centipede/millipede’
|
| *bukasi |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘pig (generic), and probably by default male pig, boar’
|
| *boe |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘pig, male pig’
|
| *bwasa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pig, possibly sow’
|
| *boRok |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pig, Sus scrofa’
|
| *b(o,u)kas(i) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pig’
|
| *puaka |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘pig’
|
| *bukas(i) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pig’, see *b(o,u)kas(i)
|
| *bʷaruruk |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon or dove sp.’
|
| *(k,g)upuR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon or dove’
|
| *gupuR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon or dove’, see *(k,g)upuR
|
| *butir |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon sp.’
|
| *kurau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon sp.’
|
| *(ku(r,l)u)ku(r,l)u |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon sp.’
|
| *belik(e,i)o |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘pigeon sp.’
|
| *soge |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘pigeon sp.’
|
| *(kulu)kulu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon sp.’, see *(ku(r,l)u)ku(r,l)u
|
| *belikio |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘pigeon sp.’, see *belik(e,i)o
|
| *bune |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon, dove’
|
| *baluc |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon, Ducula sp.’
|
| *bona |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon, Ducula sp.’
|
| *ku(i)ba |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon, probably Ducula sp.’
|
| *kuba |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pigeon, probably Ducula sp.’, see *ku(i)ba
|
| *fata |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘platform, nest’
|
| *lau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Plectorhinchus spp., banded sweetlips’
|
| *(k,q)umutuR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Plectorhinchus spp., sweetlips’
|
| *qumutuR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Plectorhinchus spp., sweetlips’, see *(k,q)umutuR
|
| *kaboRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Plotosus spp., catfish’
|
| *kaboRa |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Plotosus, catfish’
|
| *kul(i,u)ŋa |
Proto-Chuukic-Ponapeic |
‘plover’
|
| *mutu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Pomacentridae, particularly Abudefduf ’
|
| *dukuku |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Pomacentridae’
|
| *mutu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Pomacentridae’
|
| *tukuku |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Pomacentridae’
|
| *bwakaRe |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘porcupine fish’
|
| *tautu |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘porcupine fish’
|
| *paki(paki) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Portuguese man o’ war (bluebottle), Physalia sp.’
|
| *qatu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘possibly generic for Thunnus and Katsuwonus spp.’
|
| *papa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘praying mantis’
|
| *waro(q) |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘probably black-lipped pearl, Pinctada maxima, possibly generic for Pinctada spp.’
|
| *pipi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘probably general name for small or medium-sized circular bivalves, including cockles, Asaphis spp.’
|
| *tubaRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘probably generic for large land crabs, Cardisoma spp.’
|
| *lio-lio |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Pseudobalistes fuscus, brown triggerfish’
|
| *bue-bue |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘puffer fish’
|
| *poto |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pufferfish, porcupinefish’
|
| *buli |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pufferfish’
|
| *bwoe-bwoe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘pufferfish’
|
| *bʷalaRe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio’
|
| *bʷiru |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio’
|
| *puRu(q) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘quail’
|
| *marawa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘rabbitfish, S. rostratus’
|
| *palaja |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rabbitfish, Siganus spp.’
|
| *pit(a,i)ri |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘rail’
|
| *pitiri |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘rail’, see *pit(a,i)ri
|
| *sipi(r,R)i |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Rainbow Lory, Trichoglossus haematodus, or Cardinal Lory, Chalcopsitta cardinalis’
|
| *jalala |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Rastrelliger, k.o. small mackerel’
|
| *salala |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Rastrelliger’
|
| *kasupe, *kusupe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rat taxon, probably Rattus exulans and possibly other small commensal sp. or spp.’
|
| *kalapo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rat taxon’
|
| *la(b,p)(o,u) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rat taxon’
|
| *pwalapo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rat taxon’
|
| *labu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rat taxon’, see *la(b,p)(o,u)
|
| *lapo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rat taxon’, see *la(b,p)(o,u)
|
| *lapu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rat taxon’, see *la(b,p)(o,u)
|
| *kimoa |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘rat, R. exulans’
|
| *kotu |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘rat’
|
| *kumā |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘rat’
|
| *dralā |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘red Cephalopholis’
|
| *manuk |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Red Jungle-fowl, Gallus gallus’
|
| *faŋa-mea |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘red Lutjanus spp., especially L. bohar, red bass or red snapper
|
| *p(a,e)ŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘red Lutjanus spp.’
|
| *peŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘red Lutjanus spp.’, see *p(a,e)ŋa
|
| *lalī |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘red rock cod spp.’
|
| *takupu |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘Red-footed Booby, Sula sula’
|
| *matuku |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Reef Heron, Egretta sacra’
|
| *mala |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘resembling’
|
| *baba(ŋ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rock cod or grouper’
|
| *kawa-kawa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rock cod, grouper’
|
| *tonu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘rock cod, when large’
|
| *kuRapu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rock-cod, Epinephelus sp. or spp. including E. lanceolatus, Queensland grouper’
|
| *kuRapu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘rock-cod, Epiphenelus sp. or spp. including E. lanceolatus, Queensland grouper’
|
| *biRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘roe, fish eggs’
|
| *qapator |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sago grub, edible’
|
| *saku-layaR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sailfish’
|
| *nonok |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sandfly, midge’
|
| *ŋi(s,j)i |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sandfly’
|
| *ki(r,R)i-ki(r,R)i |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘sandfly’
|
| *ŋiji |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sandfly’, see *ŋi(s,j)i
|
| *kiwiwi |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘sandpiper sp.’
|
| *sara(Ra) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sardine-like fish, possibly Atherinidae’
|
| *nifa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Sardinella sp.’
|
| *tanipa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Sardinella spp., sardine’
|
| *niva |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Sardinella spp.’
|
| *kwaru |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Sardinella, sardine’
|
| *taniva |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Sardinella’
|
| *taqa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Sargocentron spiniferum, armoured soldierfish’
|
| *taRaqan |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Sargocentron spp., squirrelfish, including S. spiniferum’
|
| *qulafi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Scaridae spp.’
|
| *bwos |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Scarus sp., k.o. parrotfish’
|
| *saumwa |
Proto-North Vanuatu |
‘Scarus sp., parrotfish’
|
| *bobo |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Scarus sp.’
|
| *bōsē |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Scarus sp.’
|
| *kamutu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Scarus sp.’
|
| *(ma)manu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Scarus spp.’
|
| *mamanu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Scarus spp.’
|
| *manu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Scarus spp.’, see *(ma)manu
|
| *kirau |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Scarus spp.’, see *kir
|
| *laði |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Scomberoides sp.’
|
| *laci |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Scomberoides spp., leatherskin, including S. lysan’
|
| *lai |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Scomberoides’
|
| *walu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Scombridae sp. or spp.’
|
| *taŋiRi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Scombridae spp., prob. incl. Scomberomorus commerson, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, and Acanthocybium solandri, wahoo’
|
| *taŋiRi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Scombridae spp., prob. incl. Scomberomorus commerson, the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, and Acanthocybium solandri, wahoo’
|
| *walu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Scombridae’
|
| *novu |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘scorpion, venomous fish’
|
| *rumane |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘sea anenome’
|
| *ŋāŋā |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘sea bird, duck’
|
| *loli |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘sea cucumber taxon’
|
| *tarasea |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘sea cucumber taxon’
|
| *qanupe |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘sea cucumber, holothurian’
|
| *katata~*kakata |
Proto-NW Solomonic |
‘sea eagle, Haliaeetus’
|
| *fada |
Proto-Malaita-Makira |
‘sea eagle, Haliaeetus’
|
| *kakata |
Proto-NW Solomonic |
‘sea eagle, Haliaeetus’, see *katata~*kakata
|
| *bʷaŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sea eagle’
|
| *manuka |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sea eagle’
|
| *manu(w)ai |
Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) |
‘sea eagle’
|
| *manuai |
Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) |
‘sea eagle’, see *manu(w)ai
|
| *pusi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘sea eel generic, Gymnothorax spp.’
|
| *malayo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sea eel, possibly generic’
|
| *maraya |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘sea eel’
|
| *takulasi or *takusali |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘sea snake’
|
| *wana |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘sea urchin sp.’
|
| *sāwaki |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘sea urchin with short spines’
|
| *wana |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘sea urchin, probably Diadema sp. and/or Echinothrix spp.’
|
| *kina |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘sea urchin’
|
| *paŋoda |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘seafood gathered on the reef, edible sea invertebrates’
|
| *paŋoda, *piŋoda |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘seafood gathered on the reef, edible sea invertebrates’
|
| *puqaya + modifier |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘seahorse’
|
| *pakit, *pakit-i- |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘search hair for lice’
|
| *tapu(s), *tapus-i- |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘seek lice’
|
| *qatule |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Selar crumenophthalmus’
|
| *qatule |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Selar crumenopthalmus, silver scad’
|
| *qatule |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Selar spp. including S. crumenophthalmus, big-eyed scad’
|
| *mataele |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Serranidae’
|
| *bakewa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘shark (generic)’
|
| *qaso |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘shark sp.’
|
| *kasi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘shellfish, Asaphis spp.’
|
| *bʷisu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Shining Starling, Aplonis metallica’
|
| *kiu~*kiwi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘shore bird taxon including Pluvialis and Numenius’
|
| *kiwi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘shore bird taxon including Pluvialis and Numenius’, see *kiu~*kiwi
|
| *muroR |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Siganus argenteus, silver or rabbit-faced spinefoot’
|
| *kitoŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Siganus sp., possibly ‘Siganus punctatus, gold-spotted spinefoot’
|
| *rō |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Siganus sp.’
|
| *palaja |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Siganus spp., rabbitfish’
|
| *muqu(ŋ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Siganus taxon, poss. S. spinus’
|
| *(k(w),g)i(l,n)e |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Singing Parrot, Geoffroyus heteroclitus’
|
| *taup-i- |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘sit on eggs’
|
| *kalisi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘skink, k.o. lizard’
|
| *lavo |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘skipper, blenny’
|
| *didi |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘small ant’
|
| *peka-peka (1) |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘small bat’, (2) ‘white-rumped swiftlet’
|
| *mako |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘small bird sp.’
|
| *niku-niku |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘small biting fly’
|
| *taku-takuŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘small coral fish, damselfish or similar’
|
| *bolo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘small dark surgeonfish, possibly Ctenochaetus’
|
| *jaja |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘small fish, herring or anchovy’
|
| *beka-beka |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘small insectivorous, cave-dwelling bat’
|
| *(ka)reŋas |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘small parrot sp.’
|
| *reŋas |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘small parrot sp.’, see *(ka)reŋas
|
| *driu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘small red or brown ants’
|
| *nusa (doublet *nus) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘small reef squid (Loligo spp.) and smaller cuttlefish (Sepia spp.)’
|
| *sarā |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘small schooling fish’
|
| *kakaka |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (?) |
‘small shore crab, possibly Ocypoda sp’
|
| *luRa |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘small shrimp’
|
| *pʷipipi |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘small wader taxon’
|
| *buŋa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘smooth round coral’
|
| *mwata |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘snake (generic)’
|
| *mwata |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘snake, worm’
|
| *nipe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘snake’
|
| *sabutu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘snapper (Lutjanus) or emperor (Lethrinus) sp. or spp.’
|
| *kulabo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘snapper sp. or spp.’
|
| *bwaa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘snapper, Lutjanus spp.’
|
| *bwawa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘snapper, Lutjanus spp.’, see *bwaa
|
| *tala-kisi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘soldier or squirrelfish spp.’
|
| *mo(s)o |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Sooty Crake, Porzana tabuensis’
|
| *mō |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Sooty Crake, Porzana tabuensis’, see *mo(s)o
|
| *pu(dr,d,j)(o,u) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘species of possum or cuscus’
|
| *pud(o,u) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘species of possum or cuscus’, see *pu(dr,d,j)(o,u)
|
| *puj(o,u) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘species of possum or cuscus’, see *pu(dr,d,j)(o,u)
|
| *qutur |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Sphyraena sp., barracuda’
|
| *bwara-wa(r,d,dr,R)a(q) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Sphyraena sp., possibly S. jello, the slender or pickhandle sea pike’
|
| *moto-moto |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Sphyraena sp.’
|
| *qono |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Sphyraena spp., barracuda’
|
| *qalu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Sphyraena taxon, incl. S. barracuda, great barracuda’
|
| *lawaq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘spider, spider web’
|
| *koko |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘spider’
|
| *kuku |
Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) |
‘spider’
|
| *marawa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘spinefoot sp.’
|
| *oma |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘sponge’
|
| *paRi-manuk |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘spotted eagle ray, Aetobatus narinari’
|
| *don(o,u) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘spotted rock cod, taxon including Cephalopholis and Plectropomus spp.’
|
| *donu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘spotted rock cod, taxon including Cephalopholis and Plectropomus spp.’, see *don(o,u)
|
| *(jea)jea |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Spotted Triller, Lalage maculosa’
|
| *ðaðā |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Spratelloides sp.’
|
| *nus |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘squid’
|
| *ŋū |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘squid’
|
| *mwalau |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘squirrelfish, possibly generic for a number of spp.’
|
| *jori |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘squirrelfish, possibly generic’
|
| *tarā |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘squirrelfish’
|
| *pusiRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Starling, Aplonis sp.’
|
| *mimis-mata |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘stick insect’
|
| *kadik |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘stinging black ant’
|
| *fai |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘stingray, general term’
|
| *paRi (1) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘stingray’, (2) ‘ray (generic)’
|
| *miti |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Striped Starling, Aplonis tabuensis’
|
| *wakeke~*kakawe |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, Cacatua galerita’
|
| *kakawe |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, Cacatua galerita’, see *wakeke~*kakawe
|
| *qaroŋo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘surgeonfish, Acanthurus sp.’
|
| *kabakabal |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘swiftlet, Aerodramus or Collocalia spp.’
|
| *sisiri |
Proto-Malaita-Makira |
‘swiftlet’
|
| *ka(r,l)aka(r,l)a |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘swiftlet’
|
| *bivilo(k) |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘swiftlet’
|
| *bekabeka |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘swiftlet’
|
| *kalakala |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘swiftlet’, see *ka(r,l)aka(r,l)a
|
| *saku-laya |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘swordfish, sailfish’
|
| *sakulā |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘swordfish, sailfish’
|
| *nofu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Synaceja verrucosa, Scorpaenidae spp.’
|
| *(ñ,n)opuq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Synanceia spp., stonefish’
|
| *(ñ,n)opuq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Synanceia spp., stonefishes’
|
| *nopuq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Synanceia, stonefish’, see *(ñ,n)opuq
|
| *novu |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Synanceja verrucosa, stonefish’
|
| *lawe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tail feather, plume’
|
| *iku(R) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tail, of quadruped, some birds and possibly fish’
|
| *kawe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tentacle of a cephalopod’
|
| *kawe |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘tentacle of a cephalopod’
|
| *kawa-kawa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Terapon jarbua, crescent perch’
|
| *ane |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘termite’
|
| *kanawe |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tern, Sterna spp.’
|
| *bʷauro |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tern’
|
| *golo |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tern’
|
| *ker(a,e)(ker(a,e)) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tern’
|
| *sele(kai) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tern’
|
| *baraŋ~*rabaŋ |
Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) |
‘tern’
|
| *karakara |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘tern’
|
| *tala |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘tern’
|
| *rabaŋ |
Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) |
‘tern’, see *baraŋ~*rabaŋ
|
| *kere(kere) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tern’, see *ker(a,e)(ker(a,e))
|
| *tufu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Thalassoma sp.’
|
| *mata |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘the operculum or trapdoor of certain gastropod spp.’
|
| *voto |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘thorn, prickle; spike or spines of a fish’
|
| *taku(a,o) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Thunnus albacares, yellowfin tuna’
|
| *kakasi |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘Thunnus albacares, yellowfin tuna’
|
| *tanifa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘tiger shark’
|
| *makini |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘to be stung’
|
| *kaba-kaba |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘to flap the wings’
|
| *kini-t |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘to pinch’
|
| *kasi (ᴠ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘to scrape; scraper or grater made from robust circular bivalve shell, such as Asaphis and cockles’, (ɴ) ‘shellfish taxon, esp. Asaphis spp.’
|
| *ipon |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tooth, tusk’
|
| *nipon |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tooth, tusk’, see *ipon
|
| *(p,f)āsua |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Tridacna clam sp.’
|
| *pāsua |
Proto-Eastern Polynesian–Northern Outlier |
‘Tridacna sp. or spp.’
|
| *lala(k) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Trochus spp., including T. niloticus and possibly T. stellatus’; ‘rings or armlets made of this’
|
| *tiku, tuki |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘tropic-bird’
|
| *qaliliŋ |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Turbo petholatus, tapestry turban; possibly generic for several or all Turbo spp.’
|
| *mata-buku |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘Turbo spp.’
|
| *poñu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘turtle (generic)’
|
| *qunap |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘turtle shell, fish scales’
|
| *bo(dr,d)a |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘turtle shell’
|
| *pwoca |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘turtle shell’
|
| *bati |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘tusk, canine tooth’
|
| *bati |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘tusk, upper canine tooth’
|
| *lapaq |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘various flat fishes incl. sole and flounder’
|
| *sisiq (1) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘various small, snail-like gastropods of nerite family’, (2) ‘probably generic for a wider class of edible gastropods’
|
| *(lafu)lafulafu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘wader sp.’
|
| *jipiu |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘wader’
|
| *keke~*kaka |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘wader’
|
| *kulu |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘wader’
|
| *kaka |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘wader’, see *keke~*kaka
|
| *makan |
Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) |
‘wallaby, Macropus agilis’
|
| *wakin |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘wallaby’
|
| *wagita |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘wallaby’
|
| *kVlili |
Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) |
‘Wandering Tattler, Heteroscelus incanus’
|
| *k(i,u)lili |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘Wandering Tattler, Heteroscelus incanus’
|
| *kolili |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘Wandering Tattler, Heteroscelus incanus’
|
| *naniɣo |
Proto-Central Papuan |
‘wasp’
|
| *puRa-puRas |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘whale’
|
| *rato |
Proto-Oceanic (?) |
‘whale’
|
| *taf(o,u)raqa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘whale’
|
| *karai |
Proto-Papuan Tip |
‘white cockatoo’
|
| *kiRa |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘White Tern, Gygis alba’
|
| *kiakia |
Proto-Micronesian (PMic) |
‘White Tern, Gygis alba’
|
| *aki-aki |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘White Tern, Gygis alba’
|
| *jiŋana |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘whitebait’
|
| *(h)inaŋa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘whitebait’
|
| *inaŋa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘whitebait’, see *(h)inaŋa
|
| *manuk-lapuat |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘White-bellied Sea Eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster’
|
| *bai |
Proto-Central Vanuatu |
‘White-breasted Wood Swallow, Artamus leucorhynchus’
|
| *kʰiñ |
Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) |
‘White-breasted Wood Swallow, Artamus leucorhynchus’
|
| *lakia |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘White-capped Noddy, Anous minutus’
|
| *lakia |
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) |
‘White-capped Noddy, Anous minutus’, see *lapiti
|
| *laka |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘White-eye, Zosterops sp.’
|
| *tawake |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘White-tailed Tropic-bird, Phaethon lepturus’
|
| *taroap(ᴠ) |
Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) |
‘White-throated Pigeon, Columba vitiensis’
|
| *taroa |
Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) |
‘White-throated Pigeon, Columba vitiensis’
|
| *riuriu |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘Willie Wagtail, Rhipidura leucophrys’
|
| *kapa-kau |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘wing, fin’
|
| *kaba (ɴ) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘wing’, (ᴠ) ‘flap wings’
|
| *sulati |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘worm’
|
| *la-lafi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘wrasse or parrotfish spp.’
|
| *lafi |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘wrasse or parrotfish spp.’, see *la-lafi
|
| *merari |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘wrasse or parrotfish’
|
| *mrari |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘wrasse or parrotfish’
|
| *qufu |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘wrasse or parrotfish’
|
| *marari |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘wrasse or parrotfish’, see *mrari
|
| *lapi |
Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) |
‘wrasse’
|
| *ciŋi(l)o |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘Yellow-faced Mynah, Mino dumontii’
|
| *ciŋio |
Proto-SE Solomonic |
‘Yellow-faced Mynah, Mino dumontii’, see *ciŋi(l)o
|
| *sipa |
Proto-Polynesian (PPn) |
‘young flying fish’
|
| *laulau-fau |
Proto-Central Pacific |
‘Zanclus canescens, Moorish idol’
|
| *piRa(q) |
Proto-Oceanic (POc) |
‘Zebrasoma veliferum, sailfin tang’
|
| *via |
Proto-Fijian (PFij) |
‘Zebrasoma veliferum’
|