Appendix:Proto-Oceanic animal names

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Below are reconstructions of animal names for Proto-Oceanic and Oceanic subgroups.

Source

List

Proto-form Proto-language Gloss
*joŋa Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) ‘(boar’s) tusk’
*kula Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘(bright) red’
*kuni Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘? frog, tadpole’
*kome-kome Proto-SE Solomonic ‘? generic for cone shells’
*sisira Proto-Malaita-Makira ‘a barnacle or kind of small mollusc’
*likāpi Proto-Chuukic ‘a bird’
*ma(k,q)eto Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘a dark fish, possibly Ctenochaetus striatus’
*maqeto Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘a dark fish, possibly Ctenochaetus striatus’, see *ma(k,q)eto
*masa Proto-Central Pacific ‘a small dark Acanthuridae, possibly Zebrasoma scopas, blue-lined tang or A. pyroferus, mimic surgeonfish’
*saŋa-saŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘a starfish’
*sisi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘a univalve mollusc’
*paqala Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Acanthocybium solandri, wahoo’
*maqito Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Acanthuridae, possibly Ctenochaetus striatus, lined bristletooth’
*kir Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthuridae’
*bala(ŋ,k)i Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthurus and Naso spp.’
*balaki Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthurus and Naso spp.’, see *bala(ŋ,k)i
*(s,ð)abi Proto-Central Pacific ‘Acanthurus guttatus, spotted surgeonfish’
*ðabi Proto-Central Pacific ‘Acanthurus guttatus, spotted surgeonfish’, see *(s,ð)abi
*hapi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Acanthurus guttatus’
*biapa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthurus lineatus, blue-lined surgeonfish’
*palaŋi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Acanthurus sp. of large size and elongate shape’
*pone Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Acanthurus sp. or Ctenochaetus striatus’
*maRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthurus sp., possibly A. xanthopterus, yellowfin surgeonfish’
*qaloŋo Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Acanthurus sp., probably A. lineatus, blue-lined surgeonfish’
*qavali Proto-Central Pacific ‘Acanthurus sp.’
*tusi Proto-Central Pacific ‘Acanthurus sp.’
*abiŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthurus spp., incl. A. guttatus, white-spotted surgeonfish’
*jabiŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthurus spp., incl. A. guttatus, white-spotted surgeonfish’, see *abiŋ
*balaŋi Proto-Central Pacific ‘Acanthurus spp.’
*manini Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Acanthurus triostegus, convict tang’
*katawan Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthurus, surgeonfish’
*paliR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthurus, surgeonfish’
*paliR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Acanthurus, surgeonfish’, see *paliR
*malau-taqa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Adioryx sp.’
*taqa-malau Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Adioryx sp.’
*donu Proto-Central Pacific ‘adult Plectropomus’
*vaRi manu Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Aetobatis narinari, eagle ray’
*fai-manu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Aetobatis narinari, eagle ray’
*paRi-manuk Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Aetobatus narinari, spotted eagle ray’
*kiokio Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Albula vulpes, bonefish’
*laweŋa Proto-Central Pacific ‘Alectis indicus, plumed trevally or mirrorfish’
*bulewa Proto-Central Pacific ‘an organism growing on rocks, possibly encrusting brown rock coral’
*sasā Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘anchovy’
*druman(e,i) Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘anemone’
*tuna Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Anguilla spp., freshwater eel’
*tuna Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Anguillidae, freshwater eel (generic)’
*tuna Proto-Central Pacific ‘Anguillidae, freshwater eel’
*drui Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘ant’
*qutur Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Aprion virescens, green jobfish’
*qutu Proto-Central Pacific ‘Aprion virescens, grey jobfish’
*qutu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Aprion virescens, grey jobfish’
*banic Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘arm, hand, wing, fin (probably pectoral)’
*kome Proto-SE Solomonic ‘armlets made from cone or trochus shell’, *ko-kome or
*teqe-teqe Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Arothron and Canthigaster spp., pufferfish’
*jexejexe Proto-Central Pacific ‘Arothron’
*tutu Proto-North Vanuatu ‘Baker’s Pigeon, Ducula bakeri’
*bubu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Balistes taxon, triggerfish’
*bwaRu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Balistes taxon, triggerfish’
*jumu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Balistidae, triggerfish and possibly Monacanthidae, leatherjackets’
*sumu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Balistidae’
*cumu Proto-Central Pacific ‘Balistoidei, triggerfish’
*mwajar Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bandicoot’
*foto Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘barb of stingray’
*lulu Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Barn Owl, Tyto alba’
*sumʷit Proto-South Vanuatu (PSV) ‘Barn Owl, Tyto alba’
*mʷen Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘Barn Owl, Tyto alba’
*malisa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘barracuda’
*tarawa Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘barracuda’
*bunaR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘batfish, Platax sp. or spp., possibly Naso sp. or spp.’
*quloc-a(n) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘be maggoty’
*(b,v)ili Proto-NW Solomonic ‘Beach Stone-Curlew, Burhinus neglectus’
*bili Proto-NW Solomonic ‘Beach Stone-Curlew, Burhinus neglectus’, see *(b,v)ili
*vili Proto-NW Solomonic ‘Beach Stone-Curlew, Burhinus neglectus’, see *(b,v)ili
*vili Proto-NW Solomonic ‘Beach Stone-Curlew, Burhinus neglectus’, see *(b,v)ili
*kapa (ᴠ) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘beat, of wings, fins, flippers’
*(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)i Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bee, buzzing insect’
*ñiñi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bee, buzzing insect’, see *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)i
*kororo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bee’
*koo-kol,R]o Proto-SE Solomonic ‘beetle that attacks plants’
*koRo-koRo Proto-SE Solomonic ‘beetle that attacks plants’, see *koo-kol,R]o
*kamak Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘beetle, possibly longicorn’
*manuɣ Proto-South Vanuatu (PSV) ‘bird’
*k(a)iau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’
*kʷal(i)au Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’
*mʷalau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’
*kiau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’, see *k(a)iau
*kʷalau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita’, see *kʷal(i)au
*toki Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘bite, peck’
*sapulu(q) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bivalve mollusc, possibly Pinna sp.’
*kaRi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bivalve sp. or spp, possibly cockle, used as a scraper’
*tu(qu)asi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bivalve taxon, probably ark or cockle shell; possibly also grater or spoon made from this’
*tu(qu)aði Proto-Central Pacific ‘bivalve taxon, probably ark or cockle shell; possibly also grater or spoon made from this’
*tuaði Proto-Central Pacific ‘bivalve taxon, probably ark or cockle shell; possibly also grater or spoon made from this’, see *tu(qu)aði
*tuasi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bivalve taxon, probably ark or cockle shell; possibly also grater or spoon made from this’, see *tu(qu)asi
*japi (1) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bivalve taxon, probably P. maxima, gold-lipped pearl shell’, (2) ‘ornament made from this’
*takuhali Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘black and white banded sea snake’
*(y)aro(q) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘black-lipped pearl, Pinctada maxima‘, possibly generic for Pinctada spp.
*lapiti Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘Black-naped Tern, Sterna sumatrana’
*lapiti Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘Black-naped Tern, Sterna sumatrana’, see *lapiti
*l(o,a)kuya Proto-Central Pacific ‘blenny’
*lakuya Proto-Central Pacific ‘blenny’, see *l(o,a)kuya
*pulu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘body hair, fur, feathers’
*tuma Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘body louse’
*kam(a,i,u)tuq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Bolbometopon, double-headed parrotfish’
*kamituq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Bolbometopon, double-headed parrotfish’, see *kam(a,i,u)tuq
*kamutuq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Bolbometopon, double-headed parrotfish’, see *kam(a,i,u)tuq
*rowou Proto-North Vanuatu ‘bonito, Thunnus sp.’
*atu Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘bonito’
*pu-pulan Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bony fish, Megalops, Albula spp.’
*pulan Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bony fish, Megalops, Albula spp.’, see *pu-pulan
*kuRo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘bony fish, probably Albula’
*pue Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Booby, Sula sp.’
*fua(kō) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Booby, Sula sp.’
*(maua)kena Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘booby, Sula sp.’
*kemoa Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘booby’
*katoko Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘booby’
*ali Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Bothus spp., flounder’
*moa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘boxfish’
*mwa(toqu) Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘boxfish’
*ovi(s), *ovis-i- (1) Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘brood, sit on eggs’; (2) ‘cover chicks with wings’
*kanapu Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘Brown Booby, Sula leucogaster’
*b(a,e,i)risu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’
*b(w)ilake Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’
*biŋ Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’
*weka Proto-Central Pacific ‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’
*berisu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’, see *b(a,e,i)risu
*birisu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis’, see *b(a,e,i)risu
*rokrok Proto-Meso-Melanesian ? ‘bullfrog’
*tifi-tifi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘butterfly fish (generic)’
*bebek Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘butterfly, moth’
*bebek Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘butterfly, moth’, see *bebek
*bobo(ŋ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘butterfly’
*bebelo Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘butterfly’
*qara-bembem Proto-Papuan Tip ‘butterfly’
*pepele Proto-NW Solomonic ‘butterfly’
*bobo(ŋ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘butterfly’, see *bobo(ŋ)
*ŋiŋi(ŋ) (1) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘buzz as a mosquito’, (2) ‘mosquito’ (onomatopoeic)
*suli(k) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Caesionidae, fusilier’
*aroŋo Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘Carangid fish, pompano, skipjack’
*mamula Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘carangid’
*qulua Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘carangid’
*taliku Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Carangid’
*jeu Proto-Central Pacific ‘carangid’
*soke(lau) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Carangid’
*teu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Carangid’
*soke Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Carangid’, see *soke(lau)
*filu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Carangidae’
*pakewa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Carangoides ferdau jordan’
*pilu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Caranx sp. or spp., trevally’
*qulua Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Caranx sp., possibly C. ignobilis, big-headed jack (Carangidae)’
*qulua Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Caranx sp., possibly C. ignobilis, big-headed jack’
*tafaquli Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Caranx sp., possibly C. lugubris’
*qulua Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Caranx sp., probably mature phase of C. ignobilis’
*aseu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Caranx sp.’
*lupo Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Caranx spp.
*lubo Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Caranx spp.’
*dilit(i,u) Proto-North Vanuatu ‘Caranx spp.’
*bʷatu-(i)-manu Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘Cardinal Honeyeater, Myzomela cardinalis’ (lit. ‘head of bird’)
*qalili Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘cat’s eye shell, Turbo sp.’
*qanupe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘caterpillar or k.o. sea cucumber (indeterminate)’
*muno Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘caterpillar, grub’
*qanupe Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘caterpillar’
*kaboRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘catfish-eel, Plotosus sp.’
*qalipan Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘centipede’
*weli (1) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘centipede’, (2) ‘marine annelid like a centipede’
*loi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Cephalopholis argus, peacock rock cod’
*tivi-tivi Proto-Central Pacific ‘Chaetodon spp.’
*tipi-tipi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Chaetodontidae’
*qawa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Chanos chanos, milkfish or salmon herring’
*qawaq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Chanos chanos, milkfish’
*qawa Proto-Central Pacific ‘Chanos’
*papu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Cheilinus sp.’
*taŋafa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Cheilinus sp.’
*babu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Cheilinus spp., Maori wrasse’
*mamin Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Cheilinus undulatus, double-headed Maori wrasse and possibly other wrasse spp.’
*taŋava Proto-Central Pacific ‘Cheilinus undulatus’
*mama Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘chiton’
*kālisi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘cicada, cricket’
*l(a,e)le Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘cicada’
*lele Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘cicada’, see *l(a,e)le
*kepwa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Clupeidae, probably sardine sp.’
*s(a,i)waRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Clupeidae, sardine or herring’
*siwaRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Clupeidae, sardine or herring’, see *s(a,i)waRa
*ka-lewe-lewe Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘cobweb, spider’
*ipos Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘cockroach’
*kwaru-kwaru Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘cockroach’
*musi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘cockroach’
*moŋa-moŋa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘cockroach’
*qayuyu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘coconut crab, Birgus latro’
*qūqū Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘coconut crab, Birgus latro’
*kula Proto-Central Pacific ‘Collared Lory, Phigys solitarius’
*ŋoŋo Proto-Central Pacific ‘Common Noddy, Anous stolidus’
*lako (1) Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘cone or trochus shell’, (2) ‘various ornaments made from this’
*baku Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘conger eel’
*bon(u,o) Proto-Central Pacific ‘conger eel’
*puŋa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘coral rock’
*palata Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Coryphaena hippurus, dolphinfish’
*masi-masi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Coryphaena hippurus, dolphinfish’
*pule Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘cowrie’
*kape Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘crab taxon, probably a rock crab (Grapsidae)’
*qura Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘crayfish’
*ki(t,s)o Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Crested Baza, Aviceda subcristata’
*kiso Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Crested Baza, Aviceda subcristata’, see *ki(t,s)o
*puqaya Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘crocodile’
*(kao)kao Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘crow, Corvus sp.’
*ka(r,R)o(kV) Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) ‘crow’
*bʷayobʷayo Proto-Papuan Tip ‘crow’
*Rami Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘crustacean roe’
*ami Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘crustacean roe’
*woku Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Cuckoo Dove, Macropygia sp.’
*seke Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘cuckoo, possibly Centropus sp.’
*lVvusi Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘cuckoo’
*(li)kapilei Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘cuckoo’
*kapilei Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘cuckoo’, see *(li)kapilei
*pʷisu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Cuckoo-shrike, Coracina sp.’
*tautu Proto-Central Pacific ‘Diodon sp.’
*tautu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Diodon spp., porcupine fish’
*taRutu(m,ŋ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Diodon spp., porcupinefish’
*kapuna Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘dog’
*ka(u,w)ak Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘dog’
*paia Proto-Western Oceanic (?) ‘dog’
*gavun Proto-North New Guinea (PNNG) ‘dog’
*kasi Proto-North Bougainville ‘dog’
*kikiroa~*kikiora Proto-Oceanic (?) ‘Dollar Bird, Eurystomus orientalis’
*ule(o) Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘Dollar Bird, Eurystomus orientalis’
*kikiora Proto-Oceanic (?) ‘Dollar Bird, Eurystomus orientalis’, see *kikiroa~*kikiora
*guRio Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘dolphin (generic)’
*ku(r,R)iap Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘dolphin’
*giRio(p) Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘dolphin’
*kua Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘dolphin’
*iŋi Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘dorsal fin’
*((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘dove sp.’
*lumuk(w)o Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘dove sp.’, see *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o
*muk(w)o Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘dove sp.’, see *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o
*Ramuk(w)o Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘dove sp.’, see *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o
*Rumuk(w)o Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘dove sp.’, see *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o
*ŋaRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘duck’
*Raŋa Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘duck’
*l(i)aŋ Proto-South Melanesian ‘duck’
*toloa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘duck’
*mokolā Proto-Tahitic ‘duck’
*ruyuŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘dugong’
*kasuari Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Dwarf Cassowary, Casuarius bennetti’
*kamʷaga Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘eagle, hawk’
*roqa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘eagle’
*luar Proto-Oceanic (?) ‘eagle’
*taliŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘ear’
*kele-mutu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘earthworm, grub’
*tali-tali-quli Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Echeneis sp., remora, and Naucrates ductor, pilot fish’
*qatoluR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘egg’
*karau Proto-Central Micronesian ‘Egretta sacra’
*kamaRi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Elagatis bipinnulata, rainbow runner’
*mʷaRaki Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘Emerald Dove, Chalcophaps indica’
*koraŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘emperor, Lethrinidae’
*ŋutuloa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Epibulis insidiator, slingjaw wrasse, or other long-nosed wrasse’
*kalika Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Epinephelidae, rock cod’
*fāpuku Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Epinephelus sp., possibly E. polyphekadion, marbled sea bass’
*kito Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Epinephelus spp.
*ŋwajala Proto-Central Pacific ‘Epinephelus spp.’
*udu Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘Eunice, palolo worm’
*tawa-tawa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Euthynnus yaito , black tuna, or Gymnosarda unicolor, juvenile, dogtooth tuna’
*taqe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘excrement’
*mwagaRut Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Exocoetidae, flying fish’
*marup Proto-South Melanesian ‘falcon’
*piRu(q) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fan palm’
*takere Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Fantail, Rhipidura sp.’
*laki Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fantail’
*pitikole Proto-NW Solomonic ‘fantail’
*sora Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘fantail’
*vete-vete Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘fantail’
*k(w)ilo(ki) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘female Eclectus Parrot’
*bwarabwara Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘female pig’
*kām(o,u)tu Proto-Central Pacific ‘female Scarus sordidus’
*kāmutu Proto-Central Pacific ‘female Scarus sordidus’, see *kām(o,u)tu
*tanifa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘fierce shark’
*(k,q)ali-totop Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘firefly’
*qali-popot Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘firefly’
*qali-totop Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘firefly’, see *(k,q)ali-totop
*weli (1) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fireworm, sea centipede’, (2) ‘? k.o. millipede or centipede’
*ikan Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fish (generic)’
*siRiko Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fish fin’
*sio(R,r)a Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘fish fin’
*kapa-kapa (ɴ) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘fish fins’; (ᴠ) ‘flap wings’
*kōpū Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘fish gullet’
*quna Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘fish scale, turtle shell’
*kapoa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘fish sp., probably Plotosus sp., catfish’
*kulapo Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘fish sp.’
*taragau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fish-eating eagle or hawk’
*bʷamara Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘fishing bird of prey’
*qunap Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fishscale’
*tao-tao Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Fistularia spp., probably including trumpetfish’
*bābā Proto-Central Pacific ‘Fistularia, flutefish’
*tao-tao Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Fistularia, flutefish’
*alali Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘flatfish incl. flounders, soles’
*alali Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘flatfish incl. flounders, soles’, see *alali
*lalali, *ali Proto-Central Pacific ‘flatfish’
*Ropok Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fly, jump’
*laŋo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fly’
*k(o,u)vi Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Flycatcher, Myiagra sp.’
*kuvi Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Flycatcher, Myiagra sp.’, see *k(o,u)vi
*paRapaRa Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘flycatcher’
*manuk (1) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘flying creature’, (2) ‘animal’
*magaRut Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘flying fish’
*maŋar Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘flying fish’
*bweka Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘flying fox, large fruit bat’
*mali-bweka Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘flying fox, large fruit bat’
*mali-boŋi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘flying fox’
*mū Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘flying insect’
*kokorako Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fowl, Gallus gallus, esp. male’
*toqa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘fowl’
*moa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘fowl’
*(dr,d)aula Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘frigate bird’
*katapa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘frigate bird’
*belama Proto-NW Solomonic ‘frigate bird’
*kaidaa(n) Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘frigate bird’
*daula Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘frigate bird’, see *(dr,d)aula
*kuRau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘frog taxon’
*pa(R,r)a(C) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘frog’
*karok Proto-North New Guinea (PNNG) ‘frog’
*g(a)umu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’
*va(o,u) Proto-SE Solomonic ‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’
*tobaka Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’
*vʷeru Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’
*gumu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’, see *g(a)umu
*vau Proto-SE Solomonic ‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’, see *va(o,u)
*qulo-quloc Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘full of maggots’
*huli Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘fusilier sp.’
*panapa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘garfish and needlefish taxon’
*haku Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘garfish and needlefish’
*paŋoda Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘gather seafood on the reef’
*pili Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘gecko; adhere to’
*tok, *totok Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘gecko’
*totok Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘gecko’, see *tok, *totok
*malau Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘general term for a number of fishes of the genera Holocentrus, Adioryx, Myripristis and Flammeo, soldier fishes and squirrelfishes’
*manu-manuk Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘general term for insects and other small land invertebrates’
*maŋō Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘general term for shark spp.’
*laje Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘generic for branching corals’
*bebek Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘generic for Chaetodontidae, coralfish and butterflyfish’
*tadruku Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘generic for chitons’
*tapuRiq (1) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘generic for conch shells, esp. triton’s trumpet, Charonia tritonis and allied spp.; possibly extended to some Cassis (helmet) shells’, (2) ‘trumpet of Charonia shell’
*buli(q) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘generic for cowries’
*ikan Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘generic for fish (and certain other free-swimming aquatic creatures)’
*(m,p)anoko Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘generic for gobies, mudskippers, blennies’
*panoko Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘generic for gobies, mudskippers, blennies’, see *(m,p)anoko
*quŋa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘generic for hermit crab’
*qumwaŋ (1) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘generic for hermit crabs’, ? (2) ‘generic for hermit and coconut crabs’
*tāpea Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘generic for morays’
*kuRita Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘generic for octopus’
*quraŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘generic for prawns and shrimps, crayfish and lobsters’
*bon(e,a) Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘generic for various small Acanthuridae’
*bona Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘generic for various small Acanthuridae’, see *bon(e,a)
*mwata-mwata Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘generic for worms and worm-like creatures’
*matu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Gerres spp., mojarras’
*matu Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Gerres spp., silver biddy’
*matu Proto-Central Pacific ‘Gerres’
*kaRuki, (dbl. *kaRuiki) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘ghost crab, Ocypoda sp., small white crab found on sandy beaches’
*kauki, *kawiki Proto-Central Pacific ‘ghost crab, Ocypoda sp.’
*kawiki Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘ghost crab, Ocypoda sp.’
*kima Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘giant clam, Tridacna spp., include. T. gigas’
*(b,v)āsua Proto-Central Pacific ‘giant clam, Tridacna spp.’
*gara Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘gills’
*koro Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘gills’
*qasaŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘gills’
*tap(w)a Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘glide, soar’
*vilu Proto-Central Pacific ‘Gnathanodon, Trachinotus’
*tiqo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘goatfish sp. or spp.’
*sapulu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘goatfish spp.’
*mwacasi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘goatfish’
*sua-sua Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘goatfish’
*taŋitaŋi Proto-North Vanuatu ‘goatfish’
*kakawa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘goby, blenny’
*sau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Golden Whistler, Pachycephala pectoralis’
*(s,j)eqe Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘grasshopper ?’
*jeqe Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘grasshopper ?’, see *(s,j)eqe
*sakwa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘grasshopper or stick insect’
*siko Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘grasshopper’
*gala Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘green lizard, Emoia sp.’
*arawa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘green parrotfish spp.’
*karawa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘green parrotfish spp.’, see *arawa
*manak(V) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘green turtle, Chelonia mydas’
*tū Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘ground dove’
*tū, *tū-kele Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘ground dove’
*tabwale Proto-North Vanuatu ‘grouper’
*kalo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘growth stage of goatfish’
*hafulu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘growth stage of goatfish’
*kaloama Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘growth stage of goatfish’
*roRo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘growth stage of Siganus spp.’
*tawa-tawa Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘growth stage of skipjack or dogtooth tuna’
*moto-moto Proto-Central Pacific ‘growth stage of Sphyraena sp.’
*i-kata Proto-Central Pacific ‘growth term for Caranx sp’
*kata Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘growth term for Caranx sp’
*dābea Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Gymnothorax, moray eel’
*ipu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘hair, feather’
*ise Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘halfbeak spp.’
*mata qi taliŋa Proto-Central Pacific ‘hammerhead shark’
*kisakisa Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) ‘hawk or eagle’
*tava Proto-SE Solomonic ‘hawk or eagle’
*bʷakole Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘hawk or kite’
*ta(ou)k Proto-Oceanic (?) ‘hawk, bird of prey’
*pʷa(r,R)a Proto-Oceanic (?) ‘hawk’
*kipa Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘hawk’
*kitave Proto-Papuan Tip ‘hawk’
*mala Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘hawk’
*patuki Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘hawkfish’
*qulu-tuki Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘hawkfish’
*keRaŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata’
*kea Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘hawksbill turtle’
*sipa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Hemiramphus spp.’
*mwakoR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Hemiramphus, garfish’
*Rije Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Hemiramphus, halfbeak’
*ŋwa(k,x)a Proto-Central Pacific ‘Hemiramphus’
*qupa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘hen’
*kato(q)u Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘hermit crab’
*koba Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘hermit crab’
*kato(q)u Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘hermit crab’
*kautuku~*kootuku Proto-Central Eastern Polynesian ‘heron sp.’
*boqe Proto-Papuan Tip ‘heron, Egretta sp.’
*bʷaro Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘heron, probably Egretta sp.’
*kao(i) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘heron, probably Egretta sp.’
*kaopa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘heron, probably Egretta sp.’
*qova Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘heron, probably Egretta sp.’
*sou (?) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘heron’
*bʷan(ie) Proto-South Vanuatu (PSV) ‘heron’
*karaɨ Proto-Chuukic ‘heron’
*qulavi Proto-Central Pacific ‘Hipposcarus longiceps’
*ioli Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘honeyeater’
*midi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘honeyeater’
*(b,v)asilo Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘honeyeater’
*vasilo Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘honeyeater’, see *(b,v)asilo
*binam Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘hornbill’
*koŋo(k) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘hornbill’
*komo Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘hornbill’
*seqe Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘insect spp. including mantis, stick insect, locust’
*was(i,e) Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus’
*wase Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus’, see *was(i,e)
*piRu-piRu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Istiophoridae’
*lupo-lupo Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘juvenile Caranx spp.’
*kava-kava Proto-Central Pacific ‘juvenile Liza vaigiensis’
*jeqevo(o,u) Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘juvenile mullet’
*qaua Proto-Central Pacific ‘juvenile mullet’
*rō Proto-Central Pacific ‘juvenile Siganus’
*sao-sao Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘juvenile Sphyraena sp.’
*mama Proto-SE Solomonic ‘k.o. anemone or jellyfish’
*kaRuve Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘k.o. beach crab, probably Ocypoda sp., ghost crab’
*tabuRuRu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. beetle’
*paRia Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘k.o. big lizard’
*tu(q)e, *tu(q)e-tu(q)e Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. bivalve, possibly Lucinidae and allied families’
*tue, *tue-tue Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. bivalve, possibly Lucinidae and allied families’, see *tu(q)e, *tu(q)e-tu(q)e
*tape Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. bivalve’
*tofe Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘k.o. bivalve’
*pupuk Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. borer wasp or bee that infests wood and bamboo’
*kaRaka Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. crab, possibly rock crab.’
*bwalup Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. eel, moray eel ?’
*bonu Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘k.o. eel, probably conger’
*(t,d)oloq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. eel’
*pulewa Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘k.o. eel’
*bulewa Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. eel’
*doloq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. eel’, see *(t,d)oloq
*bakewa Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. fish that accompanies sharks’
*toqa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. fish with toxic flesh, probably Ostracion’
*uvi Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. fish, poss. Eleotridae’
*buRi-buRi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. fish, possibly angelfish’
*bakopu Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘k.o. fish, possibly Eleotris sp.’
*oka Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. fish, possibly Lethrinus spp.
*buma Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘k.o. fish, possibly sardine’
*kawaŋo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. fish, probably Lethrinus sp.’
*kaRapa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. fish’
*moto Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘k.o. fish’
*mala Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘k.o. fish’
*kwekwe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. frog’
*wete Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘k.o. goatfish, including Mulloidichthys’
*pwi(r,R)itu(r,R,s) Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘k.o. goatfish’
*teu Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. goatfish’
*bak(u)i Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. jellyfish or hydroid’
*baki Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. jellyfish or hydroid’, see *bak(u)i
*kalukalu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘k.o. jellyfish’
*rakum(u) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. large crab, probably a land crab’
*nai-ufi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘k.o. large shark, probably tiger or grey reef shark’
*qaso Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. large shark’
*wak(i,e) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. lizard, possibly a monitor’
*wake Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. lizard, possibly a monitor’, see *wak(i,e)
*bili Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. lizard’
*kapoRu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. lizard’
*kuk(o,u) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. lizard’
*vokai Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. lizard’
*kuku Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. lizard’, see *kuk(o,u)
*sao Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. long tom’
*bio Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘k.o. mollusc or pearl shell’
*game Proto-Meso-Melanesian ‘k.o. mollusc’
*lele-fua Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘k.o. moth’
*lele-fua Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘k.o. moth’, see *lele-fua
*kosa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. parrotfish’
*meaŋa~*maeŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. parrotfish’
*maleŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. parrotfish’, see *meaŋa~*maeŋa
*maneŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. parrotfish’, see *meaŋa~*maeŋa
*menaŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. parrotfish’, see *meaŋa~*maeŋa
*walu Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. pelagic fish’
*ibo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. sandworm, probably Sipunculus sp.’
*ðuðu-walu Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. sea cucumber, probably Holothuria sp.’
*(p,b)ula Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. sea cucumber’
*bula Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. sea cucumber’, see *(p,b)ula
*dābea Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. sea eel or sea snake’
*(k,q)asuli Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. sea eel’
*qasuli Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. sea eel’
*qasuli Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. sea eel’, see *(k,q)asuli
*sala(n,ŋ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. sea urchin with long black spines, probably Diadema sp. or spp.’
*salaŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. sea urchin with long black spines, probably Diadema sp. or spp.’, see *sala(n,ŋ)
*gina Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘k.o. sea urchin with long spines’
*saRawaki Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. sea urchin, probably Echinometra sp. or spp.’
*kwarawa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. shark’
*maŋewa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. shark’
*qalawa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘k.o. shark’
*jove Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. shellfish or barnacle’
*(g,k)alau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. shore crab, possibly a grapsid sp.’
*kalis(i,u) Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘k.o. skink’
*kalisu Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘k.o. skink’, see *kalis(i,u)
*paya Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. small fish, sardine or anchovy’
*vo(q)o Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. small fish’
*vua-vua Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. small fish’
*vō Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. small fish’, see *vo(q)o
*vaya Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. small school fish’
*sarā Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. small schooling fish’
*mo(g,k)o Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. snake’
*sibi Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘k.o. snake’
*moko Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. snake’, see *mo(g,k)o
*tuku-tuku Proto-Central Pacific ‘k.o. spider which lowers itself on a single thread’
*gagao ~ *(g,k)a(g,k)a- Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. spider’
*ka(p,b)ilakwa Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘k.o. spider’
*ko-miji Proto-SE Solomonic ‘k.o. spider’
*gaga Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. spider’, see *gagao ~ *(g,k)a(g,k)a-
*kaka Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. spider’, see *gagao ~ *(g,k)a(g,k)a-
*kabilakwa Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘k.o. spider’, see *ka(p,b)ilakwa
*bubu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. wasp’
*mañipo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. wasp’
*(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)ipo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. wasp’
*gumu Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘k.o. wasp’
*ñiñipo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘k.o. wasp’, see *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)ipo
*dimwan Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) ‘k.o. worm’
*qatun Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Katsuwonus pelamis, skipjack tuna’
*qatu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Katsuwonus pelamis, skipjack tuna’
*kiki Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘kingfisher’
*ki(o)kio Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘kingfisher’
*(s,j)iko Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘kingfisher’
*jiko Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘kingfisher’, see *(s,j)iko
*kikio Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘kingfisher’, see *ki(o)kio
*ranue Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Kyohosidae’
*maka(o,u)r Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Kyphosidae, drummer’
*makaur Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Kyphosidae, drummer’, see *maka(o,u)r
*r(a,e)nu(a,e) Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Kyphosus, rudderfish’
*renu(a,e) Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Kyphosus, rudderfish’, see *r(a,e)nu(a,e)
*renu(a,e) Proto-Central Pacific ‘Kyphosus, rudderfish’, see *r(a,e)nu(a,e)
*r(a,e)nu(a,e) Proto-Central Pacific ‘Kyphosus’
*tahiwa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘L. monostigma, one spot seaperch’
*tapu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Labridae sp.’
*tuvu Proto-Central Pacific ‘Labridae sp.’
*labe Proto-Central Pacific ‘Labridae, wrasse’
*suŋale Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Labridae’
*Raŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lambis spp., esp. spider conch, Lambis lambis’
*tupa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘landcrab’
*lō-qata Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘large ant’
*bogi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large bird of prey sp., possibly sea eagle’
*kasika Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large emperor, Lethrinus sp.’
*munua Proto-Central Pacific ‘large Epinephelus sp.’
*bwari Proto-SE Solomonic ‘large frog’
*qalimaŋo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Portunidae) and probably other portunids’
*ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’
*kalipa(s) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’, see *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s)
*kalupa(s) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’, see *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s)
*karipa(s) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’, see *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s)
*karupa(s) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’, see *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s)
*koto(ŋ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large rock cod or grouper, Epinephelus sp.’
*(b,v)asua Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘large shellfish, perhaps a bivalve’
*vāsua Proto-Central Pacific ‘large shellfish, perhaps a bivalve’, see *(b,v) āsua
*vasua Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘large shellfish, perhaps a bivalve’, see *(b,v)asua
*fāsua Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘large shellfish, perhaps a bivalve’, see *(p,f) āsua
*loRo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large stinging red ant’
*taku(a,o) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘large tuna or skipjack’
*taŋapa(R,r) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘large wrasse, including Cheilinus sp.’
*mwanagi, *mwamwagi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘larger cuttlefish, Sepia sp. or spp.’
*kapa-kapa (1) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘lateral fins’, (2) ‘flap wings’
*tau(p) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘lay egg’
*droman Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘leech’
*(o,u)du Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Leodis viridis, palolo worm’
*odu Proto-SE Solomonic ‘Leodis viridis, palolo worm’
*balolo (1) Proto-Central Pacific ‘Leodis viridis, palolo worm’, (2) ‘name of the months when this worm rises’
*udu Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Leodis viridis, palolo worm’, see *(o,u)du
*kulabo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lethrinidae’
*ŋujula Proto-Central Pacific ‘Lethrinus elongatus’
*kawaŋo Proto-Central Pacific ‘Lethrinus nebulosus’
*n(u,o)sa Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Lethrinus sp.’
*kabatiko Proto-Central Pacific ‘Lethrinus sp.’
*nosa Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Lethrinus sp.’, see *n(u,o)sa
*surup Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lethrinus spp.’
*susul Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lethrinus spp.’
*manu Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘living creature of land or air’
*kanahe Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Liza cephalus, Crenimugil crenilabis and other mullet spp.’
*kanaðe Proto-Central Pacific ‘Liza spp.’
*kaRapa Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Liza vaigiensis, diamond-scaled mullet’
*kava Proto-Central Pacific ‘Liza vaigiensis’
*kafa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Liza vaigiensis’
*moko Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘lizard’
*kalewa Proto-Central Pacific ‘Long-tailed Koel, Urodynamis taitensis’
*kawekawesā Proto-Central Pacific ‘Long-tailed Koel, Urodynamis taitensis’
*tiro(p), *tirop-i- Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘look intently, look for (lice etc.)’
*kutu (1) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘louse (generic)’, (2) ‘head louse’
*(ð,s)abutu Proto-Central Pacific ‘Lutjanus and Lethrinus spp.’
*s(a,ā)putu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Lutjanus and Lethrinus spp.’
*sabutu Proto-Central Pacific ‘Lutjanus and Lethrinus spp.’, see *(ð,s)abutu
*sawane Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Lutjanus kasmira’
*batisai Proto-Central Pacific ‘Lutjanus monostigma’
*kwak(a,e) Proto-Central Pacific ‘Lutjanus monostigma’
*tāqea Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Lutjanus sp., probably L. gibbus’
*tasiwa Proto-Central Pacific ‘Lutjanus sp.’
*taŋaqu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Lutjanus spp. including L. vaigiensis and probably other yellow or yellow-red species’
*k(i,e)pV Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lutjanus spp., sea perch’
*kepV Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lutjanus spp., sea perch’, see *k(i,e)pV
*ta(Ra)qea Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lutjanus spp., snapper, sea perch’
*taqea Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lutjanus spp., snapper, sea perch’, see *ta(Ra)qea
*bwaa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lutjanus spp., snapper’
*tasiwa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Lutjanus spp.’
*toava Proto-North Vanuatu ‘Mackinlay’s Cuckoo Dove, Macropygia mackinlayi’
*bʷaueve Proto-Central Vanuatu ‘Mackinlay’s Cuckoo Dove, Macropygia mackinlayi’
*quloc Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘maggot’
*kaRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘male Eclectus Parrot, Eclectus roratus’
*ka(l,R)aŋa(r,R) Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘male Eclectus Parrot, Eclectus roratus’
*kaRaŋa(r,R) Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘male Eclectus Parrot, Eclectus roratus’, see *ka(l,R)aŋa(r,R)
*kuka Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘mangrove crab, Sesarma sp. or spp.’
*pulewa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘marine substance/creature with stone-like or rough exterior’
*qonos Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mature Sphyraena spp., possibly generic for all barracuda’
*vula Proto-Central Pacific ‘Megalops’
*tiā(k,ŋ) Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘Melanesian Graybird, Coracina caledonica’
*tiāŋ Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘Melanesian Graybird, Coracina caledonica’, see *tiā(k,ŋ)
*kobu(ŋ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘middle, waist, belly’
*mwali-X Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘millipede’
*watiRi Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) ‘monitor lizard, Varanus spp.’
*(k,g)uma Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘monitor lizard’
*(k,g)uma-kara Proto-Papuan Tip ‘monitor lizard’
*kalufa Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘monitor lizard’
*guma Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘monitor lizard’, see *(k,g)uma
*guma-kara Proto-Papuan Tip ‘monitor lizard’, see *(k,g)uma-kara
*(m,b)ū Proto-Central Pacific ‘Monotaxis grandoculis, large-eyed sea bream’
*bū Proto-Central Pacific ‘Monotaxis grandoculis, large-eyed sea bream’, see *(m,b)ū
*bwa(s,j)i Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘moray eel’
*bwa(s,j)i Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘moray eel’, see *bwa(s,j)i
*tapatapa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Moreton Bay Bug’
*simuk Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mosquito, small biting fly’
*ma-kini(t) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mosquito’
*ñamuk Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mosquito’
*ŋati-ŋati Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘mosquito’
*ŋuju Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mouth, lips, snout, beak’
*kuka Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mudcrab, including Sesarma sp. or spp., living in mangrove forest and mudflats’
*talae Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘mudskipper’
*(k,q)aRua(s) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mullet (generic)’
*qaRua(s) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mullet (generic)’, see *(k,q)aRua(s)
*qaua Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘mullet sp.’
*kanase Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mullet spp. including Valamugil cunnesius’
*kanase Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘mullet’
*oje Proto-Central Pacific ‘Mullidae’
*memea Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Mulloides sp., goatfish’
*buRua Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Murex sp.’
*kuku Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘mussel sp. (Mytilidae)’
*kuku(r) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘mussel sp. or spp., used as food grater or scraper’
*kuru Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Myripristis sp.’
*kuru Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Myripristis spp., squirrelfish’
*kuru Proto-Central Pacific ‘Myripristis’
*kuku Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘nail (of hand or foot), claw’
*m(a,o)nuRV Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Naso sp., unicornfish’
*qume Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Naso sp., unicornfish’
*monuRV Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Naso sp., unicornfish’, see *m(a,o)nuRV
*ma(c,s)i-ma(c,s)i Proto-Central Pacific ‘Naso sp.’
*tā Proto-Central Pacific ‘Naso sp.’
*masi-masi Proto-Central Pacific ‘Naso sp.’, see *ma(c,s)i-ma(c,s)i
*taRat Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Naso spp., incl. N. brevirostris, short snouted unicornfish’
*qume Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Naso unicornis, long-snouted unicornfish’
*saku Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘needlefish, garfish, long toms (Belonidae)’
*saku Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘needlefishes, garfishes, long toms (Belonidae)’
*marotV Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Nemipterus spp.’
*(n,ñ)iku~*nuki Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘nest’
*ova Proto-Central Pacific ‘nest’
*nuki Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘nest’, see *(n,ñ)iku~*nuki
*ñiku Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘nest’, see *(n,ñ)iku~*nuki
*hʷeek Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘New Caledonian Crow, Corvus moneduloides’
*kaka Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘New Caledonian Crow, Corvus moneduloides’
*ŋako Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Night Heron, Nycticorax sp.’
*tila Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘night heron, Nycticorax sp.’
*liŋo-liŋo Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘night insect, probably a cricket’
*lisaq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘nit’
*ka(R,r)oma Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘nit’
*lejaŋ Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘nit’
*mrari Proto-Central Pacific ‘Novaculichthys, wrasse’
*marari Proto-Central Pacific ‘Novaculichthys, wrasse’, see *mrari
*buRu Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘octopus ink, sepia’
*palu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘oilfish; deep-sea snapper’
*riŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘orthopterous insect’
*sisi(rR) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘orthopterous insect’
*wāwā Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘orthopterous insect’
*maya Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Osprey, Pandion haliaetus’
*wakio Proto-Malaita-Makira ‘Osprey, Pandion haliaetus’
*moa-moa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Ostraciidae, boxfish’
*bwaReu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Ostracion, boxfish’
*bwar(o)-*bwar(o) Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Ostracion, boxfish’
*gwao-gwao Proto-Central Pacific ‘Ostracion’
*moa(moa) Proto-Central Pacific ‘Ostracion’
*toa Proto-Fijian (PFij) ‘Ostracion’
*drudru(r,R) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘owl’
*kuru(dr,d)u Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘owl’
*pora Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘owl’
*wisi Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘owl’
*kurudu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘owl’, see *kuru(dr,d)u
*tiRom Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘oyster (Ostreidae, Isognomonidae)’
*tio Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘oyster sp.’
*tuli(i) Proto-Central Pacific ‘Pacific Golden Plover, Pluvialis fulva’
*tōrea Proto-Central Eastern Polynesian ‘Pacific Golden Plover, Pluvialis fulva’
*bala Proto-Central Vanuatu ‘Pacific Marsh Harrier, Circus approximans’
*deŋ Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘Pacific Marsh Harrier, Circus approximans’
*ru(b,v)e Proto-Central Pacific ‘Pacific Pigeon, Ducula pacifica’
*ruve Proto-Central Pacific ‘Pacific Pigeon, Ducula pacifica’, see *ru(b,v)e
*palolo (1) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘palolo worm’, (2) ‘name of the months when this rises’
*paba Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Parribacus sp. (Scyllaridae), slipper lobster’
*jabajaba Proto-Central Pacific ‘Parribacus sp. (Scyllaridae), slipper lobster’
*paba Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Parribacus sp. (Scyllaridae), slipper lobster’, see *paba
*kiRak Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘parrot sp.’
*pʷiri(p) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘parrot sp.’
*seŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘parrot sp.’
*kirori Proto-Malaita-Makira ‘parrot sp.’
*sipi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘parrot, perhaps Cardinal Lory, Chalcopsitta cardinalis’
*siri Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘parrot, perhaps Cardinal Lory, Chalcopsitta cardinalis’
*marewe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘parrot’
*(k,q)ulapi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘parrotfish spp., incl. Hipposcarus longiceps, longnosed parrotfish’
*(k,q)ulapi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘parrotfish spp., incl. Hipposcarus longiceps, long-nosed parrotfish’
*qulapi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘parrotfish spp., incl. Hipposcarus longiceps, long-nosed parrotfish’, see *(k,q)ulapi
*matu-xurau Proto-Central Pacific ‘Parupeneus sp.’
*ŋwaðaði Proto-Central Pacific ‘Parupeneus sp.’
*moaŋa Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘Parupeneus spp.’
*jiva Proto-Central Pacific ‘pearl oyster, including Pinctada spp.’
*toki Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘peck’ (also perhaps of fish nibbling at bait)
*kapi-kapi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pectoral fins’
*taliŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pectoral fins’
*manivi Proto-Central Pacific ‘Pempheris sp.’
*si(r,R)(a,e)si(r,R)(a,e), *di(r,R)(a,e)di(r,R)(a,e) Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) ‘Petaurus breviceps, sugar glider’
*saba(l) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘petrel or albatross’
*lofa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘petrel or other large sea bird’
*koro + modifier Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘petrel’
*ta(i)ko(k) Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘petrel’
*tinebu Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘petrel’
*n-tako-tako(k) Proto-South Vanuatu (PSV) ‘petrel’
*taiko Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘petrel’
*tako(k) Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘petrel’, see *ta(i)ko(k)
*k(w)adroRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘phalanger, cuscus’
*taqe-tuli Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘phosphorescent centipede/millipede’
*bukasi Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘pig (generic), and probably by default male pig, boar’
*boe Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘pig, male pig’
*bwasa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pig, possibly sow’
*boRok Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pig, Sus scrofa’
*b(o,u)kas(i) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pig’
*puaka Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘pig’
*bukas(i) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pig’, see *b(o,u)kas(i)
*bʷaruruk Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon or dove sp.’
*(k,g)upuR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon or dove’
*gupuR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon or dove’, see *(k,g)upuR
*butir Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon sp.’
*kurau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon sp.’
*(ku(r,l)u)ku(r,l)u Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon sp.’
*belik(e,i)o Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘pigeon sp.’
*soge Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘pigeon sp.’
*(kulu)kulu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon sp.’, see *(ku(r,l)u)ku(r,l)u
*belikio Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘pigeon sp.’, see *belik(e,i)o
*bune Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon, dove’
*baluc Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon, Ducula sp.’
*bona Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon, Ducula sp.’
*ku(i)ba Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon, probably Ducula sp.’
*kuba Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pigeon, probably Ducula sp.’, see *ku(i)ba
*fata Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘platform, nest’
*lau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Plectorhinchus spp., banded sweetlips’
*(k,q)umutuR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Plectorhinchus spp., sweetlips’
*qumutuR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Plectorhinchus spp., sweetlips’, see *(k,q)umutuR
*kaboRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Plotosus spp., catfish’
*kaboRa Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Plotosus, catfish’
*kul(i,u)ŋa Proto-Chuukic-Ponapeic ‘plover’
*mutu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Pomacentridae, particularly Abudefduf ’
*dukuku Proto-Central Pacific ‘Pomacentridae’
*mutu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Pomacentridae’
*tukuku Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Pomacentridae’
*bwakaRe Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘porcupine fish’
*tautu Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘porcupine fish’
*paki(paki) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Portuguese man o’ war (bluebottle), Physalia sp.’
*qatu Proto-Central Pacific ‘possibly generic for Thunnus and Katsuwonus spp.’
*papa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘praying mantis’
*waro(q) Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘probably black-lipped pearl, Pinctada maxima, possibly generic for Pinctada spp.’
*pipi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘probably general name for small or medium-sized circular bivalves, including cockles, Asaphis spp.’
*tubaRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘probably generic for large land crabs, Cardisoma spp.’
*lio-lio Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Pseudobalistes fuscus, brown triggerfish’
*bue-bue Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘puffer fish’
*poto Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pufferfish, porcupinefish’
*buli Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pufferfish’
*bwoe-bwoe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘pufferfish’
*bʷalaRe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio’
*bʷiru Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio’
*puRu(q) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘quail’
*marawa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘rabbitfish, S. rostratus’
*palaja Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rabbitfish, Siganus spp.’
*pit(a,i)ri Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘rail’
*pitiri Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘rail’, see *pit(a,i)ri
*sipi(r,R)i Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Rainbow Lory, Trichoglossus haematodus, or Cardinal Lory, Chalcopsitta cardinalis’
*jalala Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Rastrelliger, k.o. small mackerel’
*salala Proto-Central Pacific ‘Rastrelliger’
*kasupe, *kusupe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rat taxon, probably Rattus exulans and possibly other small commensal sp. or spp.’
*kalapo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rat taxon’
*la(b,p)(o,u) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rat taxon’
*pwalapo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rat taxon’
*labu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rat taxon’, see *la(b,p)(o,u)
*lapo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rat taxon’, see *la(b,p)(o,u)
*lapu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rat taxon’, see *la(b,p)(o,u)
*kimoa Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘rat, R. exulans’
*kotu Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘rat’
*kumā Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘rat’
*dralā Proto-Central Pacific ‘red Cephalopholis’
*manuk Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Red Jungle-fowl, Gallus gallus’
*faŋa-mea Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘red Lutjanus spp., especially L. bohar, red bass or red snapper
*p(a,e)ŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘red Lutjanus spp.’
*peŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘red Lutjanus spp.’, see *p(a,e)ŋa
*lalī Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘red rock cod spp.’
*takupu Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘Red-footed Booby, Sula sula’
*matuku Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Reef Heron, Egretta sacra’
*mala Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘resembling’
*baba(ŋ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rock cod or grouper’
*kawa-kawa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rock cod, grouper’
*tonu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘rock cod, when large’
*kuRapu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rock-cod, Epinephelus sp. or spp. including E. lanceolatus, Queensland grouper’
*kuRapu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘rock-cod, Epiphenelus sp. or spp. including E. lanceolatus, Queensland grouper’
*biRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘roe, fish eggs’
*qapator Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sago grub, edible’
*saku-layaR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sailfish’
*nonok Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sandfly, midge’
*ŋi(s,j)i Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sandfly’
*ki(r,R)i-ki(r,R)i Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘sandfly’
*ŋiji Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sandfly’, see *ŋi(s,j)i
*kiwiwi Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘sandpiper sp.’
*sara(Ra) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sardine-like fish, possibly Atherinidae’
*nifa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Sardinella sp.’
*tanipa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Sardinella spp., sardine’
*niva Proto-Central Pacific ‘Sardinella spp.’
*kwaru Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Sardinella, sardine’
*taniva Proto-Central Pacific ‘Sardinella’
*taqa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Sargocentron spiniferum, armoured soldierfish’
*taRaqan Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Sargocentron spp., squirrelfish, including S. spiniferum’
*qulafi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Scaridae spp.’
*bwos Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Scarus sp., k.o. parrotfish’
*saumwa Proto-North Vanuatu ‘Scarus sp., parrotfish’
*bobo Proto-Central Pacific ‘Scarus sp.’
*bōsē Proto-Central Pacific ‘Scarus sp.’
*kamutu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Scarus sp.’
*(ma)manu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Scarus spp.’
*mamanu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Scarus spp.’
*manu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Scarus spp.’, see *(ma)manu
*kirau Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Scarus spp.’, see *kir
*laði Proto-Central Pacific ‘Scomberoides sp.’
*laci Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Scomberoides spp., leatherskin, including S. lysan’
*lai Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Scomberoides’
*walu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Scombridae sp. or spp.’
*taŋiRi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Scombridae spp., prob. incl. Scomberomorus commerson, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, and Acanthocybium solandri, wahoo’
*taŋiRi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Scombridae spp., prob. incl. Scomberomorus commerson, the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, and Acanthocybium solandri, wahoo’
*walu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Scombridae’
*novu Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘scorpion, venomous fish’
*rumane Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘sea anenome’
*ŋāŋā Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘sea bird, duck’
*loli Proto-Central Pacific ‘sea cucumber taxon’
*tarasea Proto-Central Pacific ‘sea cucumber taxon’
*qanupe Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘sea cucumber, holothurian’
*katata~*kakata Proto-NW Solomonic ‘sea eagle, Haliaeetus’
*fada Proto-Malaita-Makira ‘sea eagle, Haliaeetus’
*kakata Proto-NW Solomonic ‘sea eagle, Haliaeetus’, see *katata~*kakata
*bʷaŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sea eagle’
*manuka Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sea eagle’
*manu(w)ai Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) ‘sea eagle’
*manuai Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) ‘sea eagle’, see *manu(w)ai
*pusi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘sea eel generic, Gymnothorax spp.’
*malayo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sea eel, possibly generic’
*maraya Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘sea eel’
*takulasi or *takusali Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘sea snake’
*wana Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘sea urchin sp.’
*sāwaki Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘sea urchin with short spines’
*wana Proto-Central Pacific ‘sea urchin, probably Diadema sp. and/or Echinothrix spp.’
*kina Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘sea urchin’
*paŋoda Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘seafood gathered on the reef, edible sea invertebrates’
*paŋoda, *piŋoda Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘seafood gathered on the reef, edible sea invertebrates’
*puqaya + modifier Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘seahorse’
*pakit, *pakit-i- Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘search hair for lice’
*tapu(s), *tapus-i- Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘seek lice’
*qatule Proto-Central Pacific ‘Selar crumenophthalmus’
*qatule Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Selar crumenopthalmus, silver scad’
*qatule Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Selar spp. including S. crumenophthalmus, big-eyed scad’
*mataele Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Serranidae’
*bakewa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘shark (generic)’
*qaso Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘shark sp.’
*kasi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘shellfish, Asaphis spp.’
*bʷisu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Shining Starling, Aplonis metallica’
*kiu~*kiwi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘shore bird taxon including Pluvialis and Numenius’
*kiwi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘shore bird taxon including Pluvialis and Numenius’, see *kiu~*kiwi
*muroR Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Siganus argenteus, silver or rabbit-faced spinefoot’
*kitoŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Siganus sp., possibly ‘Siganus punctatus, gold-spotted spinefoot’
*rō Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Siganus sp.’
*palaja Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Siganus spp., rabbitfish’
*muqu(ŋ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Siganus taxon, poss. S. spinus’
*(k(w),g)i(l,n)e Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Singing Parrot, Geoffroyus heteroclitus’
*taup-i- Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘sit on eggs’
*kalisi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘skink, k.o. lizard’
*lavo Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘skipper, blenny’
*didi Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘small ant’
*peka-peka (1) Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘small bat’, (2) ‘white-rumped swiftlet’
*mako Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘small bird sp.’
*niku-niku Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘small biting fly’
*taku-takuŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘small coral fish, damselfish or similar’
*bolo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘small dark surgeonfish, possibly Ctenochaetus’
*jaja Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘small fish, herring or anchovy’
*beka-beka Proto-Central Pacific ‘small insectivorous, cave-dwelling bat’
*(ka)reŋas Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘small parrot sp.’
*reŋas Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘small parrot sp.’, see *(ka)reŋas
*driu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘small red or brown ants’
*nusa (doublet *nus) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘small reef squid (Loligo spp.) and smaller cuttlefish (Sepia spp.)’
*sarā Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘small schooling fish’
*kakaka Proto-Eastern Oceanic (?) ‘small shore crab, possibly Ocypoda sp’
*luRa Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘small shrimp’
*pʷipipi Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘small wader taxon’
*buŋa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘smooth round coral’
*mwata Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘snake (generic)’
*mwata Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘snake, worm’
*nipe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘snake’
*sabutu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘snapper (Lutjanus) or emperor (Lethrinus) sp. or spp.’
*kulabo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘snapper sp. or spp.’
*bwaa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘snapper, Lutjanus spp.’
*bwawa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘snapper, Lutjanus spp.’, see *bwaa
*tala-kisi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘soldier or squirrelfish spp.’
*mo(s)o Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Sooty Crake, Porzana tabuensis’
*mō Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Sooty Crake, Porzana tabuensis’, see *mo(s)o
*pu(dr,d,j)(o,u) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘species of possum or cuscus’
*pud(o,u) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘species of possum or cuscus’, see *pu(dr,d,j)(o,u)
*puj(o,u) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘species of possum or cuscus’, see *pu(dr,d,j)(o,u)
*qutur Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Sphyraena sp., barracuda’
*bwara-wa(r,d,dr,R)a(q) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Sphyraena sp., possibly S. jello, the slender or pickhandle sea pike’
*moto-moto Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Sphyraena sp.’
*qono Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Sphyraena spp., barracuda’
*qalu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Sphyraena taxon, incl. S. barracuda, great barracuda’
*lawaq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘spider, spider web’
*koko Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘spider’
*kuku Proto-Western Oceanic (PWOc) ‘spider’
*marawa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘spinefoot sp.’
*oma Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘sponge’
*paRi-manuk Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘spotted eagle ray, Aetobatus narinari’
*don(o,u) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘spotted rock cod, taxon including Cephalopholis and Plectropomus spp.’
*donu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘spotted rock cod, taxon including Cephalopholis and Plectropomus spp.’, see *don(o,u)
*(jea)jea Proto-Central Pacific ‘Spotted Triller, Lalage maculosa’
*ðaðā Proto-Central Pacific ‘Spratelloides sp.’
*nus Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘squid’
*ŋū Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘squid’
*mwalau Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘squirrelfish, possibly generic for a number of spp.’
*jori Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘squirrelfish, possibly generic’
*tarā Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘squirrelfish’
*pusiRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Starling, Aplonis sp.’
*mimis-mata Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘stick insect’
*kadik Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘stinging black ant’
*fai Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘stingray, general term’
*paRi (1) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘stingray’, (2) ‘ray (generic)’
*miti Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Striped Starling, Aplonis tabuensis’
*wakeke~*kakawe Proto-Papuan Tip ‘Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, Cacatua galerita’
*kakawe Proto-Papuan Tip ‘Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, Cacatua galerita’, see *wakeke~*kakawe
*qaroŋo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘surgeonfish, Acanthurus sp.’
*kabakabal Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘swiftlet, Aerodramus or Collocalia spp.’
*sisiri Proto-Malaita-Makira ‘swiftlet’
*ka(r,l)aka(r,l)a Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘swiftlet’
*bivilo(k) Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘swiftlet’
*bekabeka Proto-Central Pacific ‘swiftlet’
*kalakala Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘swiftlet’, see *ka(r,l)aka(r,l)a
*saku-laya Proto-Central Pacific ‘swordfish, sailfish’
*sakulā Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘swordfish, sailfish’
*nofu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Synaceja verrucosa, Scorpaenidae spp.’
*(ñ,n)opuq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Synanceia spp., stonefish’
*(ñ,n)opuq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Synanceia spp., stonefishes’
*nopuq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Synanceia, stonefish’, see *(ñ,n)opuq
*novu Proto-Central Pacific ‘Synanceja verrucosa, stonefish’
*lawe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tail feather, plume’
*iku(R) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tail, of quadruped, some birds and possibly fish’
*kawe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tentacle of a cephalopod’
*kawe Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘tentacle of a cephalopod’
*kawa-kawa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Terapon jarbua, crescent perch’
*ane Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘termite’
*kanawe Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tern, Sterna spp.’
*bʷauro Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tern’
*golo Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tern’
*ker(a,e)(ker(a,e)) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tern’
*sele(kai) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tern’
*baraŋ~*rabaŋ Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) ‘tern’
*karakara Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘tern’
*tala Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘tern’
*rabaŋ Proto-Admiralty (PAdm) ‘tern’, see *baraŋ~*rabaŋ
*kere(kere) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tern’, see *ker(a,e)(ker(a,e))
*tufu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Thalassoma sp.’
*mata Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘the operculum or trapdoor of certain gastropod spp.’
*voto Proto-Central Pacific ‘thorn, prickle; spike or spines of a fish’
*taku(a,o) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Thunnus albacares, yellowfin tuna’
*kakasi Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘Thunnus albacares, yellowfin tuna’
*tanifa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘tiger shark’
*makini Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘to be stung’
*kaba-kaba Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘to flap the wings’
*kini-t Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘to pinch’
*kasi (ᴠ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘to scrape; scraper or grater made from robust circular bivalve shell, such as Asaphis and cockles’, (ɴ) ‘shellfish taxon, esp. Asaphis spp.’
*ipon Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tooth, tusk’
*nipon Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tooth, tusk’, see *ipon
*(p,f)āsua Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Tridacna clam sp.’
*pāsua Proto-Eastern Polynesian–Northern Outlier ‘Tridacna sp. or spp.’
*lala(k) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Trochus spp., including T. niloticus and possibly T. stellatus’; ‘rings or armlets made of this’
*tiku, tuki Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘tropic-bird’
*qaliliŋ Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Turbo petholatus, tapestry turban; possibly generic for several or all Turbo spp.’
*mata-buku Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘Turbo spp.’
*poñu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘turtle (generic)’
*qunap Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘turtle shell, fish scales’
*bo(dr,d)a Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘turtle shell’
*pwoca Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘turtle shell’
*bati Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘tusk, canine tooth’
*bati Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘tusk, upper canine tooth’
*lapaq Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘various flat fishes incl. sole and flounder’
*sisiq (1) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘various small, snail-like gastropods of nerite family’, (2) ‘probably generic for a wider class of edible gastropods’
*(lafu)lafulafu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘wader sp.’
*jipiu Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘wader’
*keke~*kaka Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘wader’
*kulu Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘wader’
*kaka Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘wader’, see *keke~*kaka
*makan Proto-New Guinea Oceanic (PNGOc) ‘wallaby, Macropus agilis’
*wakin Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘wallaby’
*wagita Proto-Papuan Tip ‘wallaby’
*kVlili Proto-Remote Oceanic (PROc) ‘Wandering Tattler, Heteroscelus incanus’
*k(i,u)lili Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘Wandering Tattler, Heteroscelus incanus’
*kolili Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘Wandering Tattler, Heteroscelus incanus’
*naniɣo Proto-Central Papuan ‘wasp’
*puRa-puRas Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘whale’
*rato Proto-Oceanic (?) ‘whale’
*taf(o,u)raqa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘whale’
*karai Proto-Papuan Tip ‘white cockatoo’
*kiRa Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘White Tern, Gygis alba’
*kiakia Proto-Micronesian (PMic) ‘White Tern, Gygis alba’
*aki-aki Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘White Tern, Gygis alba’
*jiŋana Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘whitebait’
*(h)inaŋa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘whitebait’
*inaŋa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘whitebait’, see *(h)inaŋa
*manuk-lapuat Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘White-bellied Sea Eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster’
*bai Proto-Central Vanuatu ‘White-breasted Wood Swallow, Artamus leucorhynchus’
*kʰiñ Proto-New Caledonia (PNCal) ‘White-breasted Wood Swallow, Artamus leucorhynchus’
*lakia Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘White-capped Noddy, Anous minutus’
*lakia Proto-Nuclear Polynesian (PNPn) ‘White-capped Noddy, Anous minutus’, see *lapiti
*laka Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘White-eye, Zosterops sp.’
*tawake Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘White-tailed Tropic-bird, Phaethon lepturus’
*taroap(ᴠ) Proto-Southern Oceanic (PSOc) ‘White-throated Pigeon, Columba vitiensis’
*taroa Proto-North–Central Vanuatu (PNCV) ‘White-throated Pigeon, Columba vitiensis’
*riuriu Proto-SE Solomonic ‘Willie Wagtail, Rhipidura leucophrys’
*kapa-kau Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘wing, fin’
*kaba (ɴ) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘wing’, (ᴠ) ‘flap wings’
*sulati Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘worm’
*la-lafi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘wrasse or parrotfish spp.’
*lafi Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘wrasse or parrotfish spp.’, see *la-lafi
*merari Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘wrasse or parrotfish’
*mrari Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘wrasse or parrotfish’
*qufu Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘wrasse or parrotfish’
*marari Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘wrasse or parrotfish’, see *mrari
*lapi Proto-Eastern Oceanic (PEOc) ‘wrasse’
*ciŋi(l)o Proto-SE Solomonic ‘Yellow-faced Mynah, Mino dumontii’
*ciŋio Proto-SE Solomonic ‘Yellow-faced Mynah, Mino dumontii’, see *ciŋi(l)o
*sipa Proto-Polynesian (PPn) ‘young flying fish’
*laulau-fau Proto-Central Pacific ‘Zanclus canescens, Moorish idol’
*piRa(q) Proto-Oceanic (POc) ‘Zebrasoma veliferum, sailfin tang’
*via Proto-Fijian (PFij) ‘Zebrasoma veliferum’

Table

Gloss Proto-Oceanic (POc) Proto-Central Pacific Proto-Polynesian (PPn) Other forms See
‘(bright) red’ *kula
‘a dark fish, possibly Ctenochaetus striatus *ma(k,q)eto; *maqeto *ma(k,q)eto
‘a small dark Acanthuridae, possibly Zebrasoma scopas, blue-lined tang or Acanthurus pyroferus, mimic surgeonfish’ *masa
‘a starfish’ *saŋa-saŋa
‘a univalve mollusc’ *sisi
Acanthocybium solandri, wahoo’ *paqala
Acanthuridae, possibly Ctenochaetus striatus, lined bristletooth’ *maqito
Acanthuridae *kir
Acanthurus and Naso spp.’ *bala(ŋ,k)i; *balaki *bala(ŋ,k)i
Acanthurus guttatus, spotted surgeonfish’ *(s,ð)abi; *ðabi *hapi *(s,ð)abi
Acanthurus lineatus, blue-lined surgeonfish’ *biapa
Acanthurus sp. of large size and elongate shape’ *palaŋi
Acanthurus sp. or Ctenochaetus striatus *pone
Acanthurus sp., possibly Acanthurus xanthopterus, yellowfin surgeonfish’ *maRa
Acanthurus sp., probably Acanthurus lineatus, blue-lined surgeonfish’ *qaloŋo
Acanthurus sp.’ *qavali; *tusi
Acanthurus spp., incl. Acanthurus guttatus, white-spotted surgeonfish’ *abiŋ; *jabiŋ *abiŋ
Acanthurus spp.’ *balaŋi
Acanthurus triostegus, convict tang’
Acanthurus, surgeonfish’ *katawan; *paliR; *paliR *paliR
Adioryx sp.’ *malau-taqa; *taqa-malau
‘adult Plectropomus *donu
Aetobatis narinari, spotted eagle ray’ *paRi-manuk *fai-manu
Albula vulpes, bonefish’ *kiokio
Alectis indicus, plumed trevally or mirrorfish’ *laweŋa
‘an organism growing on rocks, possibly encrusting brown rock coral’ *bulewa
‘anchovy’ *sasā
Anguilla spp., freshwater eel’ *tuna
Anguillidae, freshwater eel (generic)’ *tuna *tuna
‘ant’ *drui
Aprion virescens, green jobfish’ *qutur *qutu *qutu
‘arm, hand, wing, fin (probably pectoral)’ *banic
Arothron and Canthigaster spp., pufferfish’ *teqe-teqe
Arothron *jexejexe
‘Baker’s Pigeon, Ducula bakeri
Balistes taxon, triggerfish’ *bubu; *bwaRu
Balistidae, triggerfish and possibly Monacanthidae, leatherjackets’ *jumu *cumu *sumu
bandicoot *mwajar
‘barb of stingray’ *foto
‘Barn Owl, Tyto alba
‘barracuda’ *malisa
‘batfish, Platax sp. or spp., possibly Naso sp. or spp.’ *bunaR
‘be maggoty’ *quloc-a(n)
‘Beach Stone-Curlew, Esacus magnirostris (Burhinus neglectus)’ *(b,v)ili
‘beat, of wings, fins, flippers’ *kapa (ᴠ)
‘bee, buzzing insect’ *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)i; *ñiñi *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)i
‘bee’ *kororo
‘beetle that attacks plants’ *koo-kol,R]o
‘beetle, possibly longicorn *kamak
‘Bismarck Scrub Fowl, Megapodius eremita *k(a)iau; *kʷal(i)au; *mʷalau; *kiau; *kʷalau *k(a)iau; *kʷal(i)au
‘bite, peck’
‘bivalve mollusc, possibly Pinna sp.’ *sapulu(q)
‘bivalve sp. or spp, possibly cockle, used as a scraper’ *kaRi
‘bivalve taxon, probably ark or cockle shell; possibly also grater or spoon made from this’ *tu(qu)asi; *tuasi *tu(qu)aði; *tuaði *tu(qu)asi; *tu(qu)aði
‘bivalve taxon, probably Pinctada maxima, gold-lipped pearl shell’; ‘ornament made from this’ *japi
‘black and white banded sea snake’ *takuhali
‘black-lipped pearl, Pinctada maxima’, possibly generic for Pinctada spp. *(y)aro(q)
‘Black-naped Tern, Sterna sumatrana *lapiti
‘blenny’ *l(o,a)kuya; *lakuya *l(o,a)kuya
‘body hair, fur, feathers’ *pulu
‘body louse’ *tuma
Bolbometopon, double-headed parrotfish’ *kam(a,i,u)tuq; *kamituq; *kamutuq *kam(a,i,u)tuq
‘bonito, Thunnus sp.’
‘bony fish, Megalops, Albula spp.’ *pu-pulan; *pulan *pu-pulan
‘bony fish, probably Albula *kuRo
‘Booby, Sula sp.’ *fua(kō)
‘booby’
Bothus spp., flounder’ *ali
boxfish *moa
‘Brown Booby, Sula leucogaster
‘Buff-banded Rail, Rallus philippensis *b(a,e,i)risu; *berisu; *birisu *weka *b(a,e,i)risu
‘butterfly fish (generic)’ *tifi-tifi
‘butterfly, moth’ *bebek; *bebek *bebek
‘butterfly’ *bobo(ŋ); *bobo(ŋ) *bobo(ŋ)
‘buzz as a mosquito’; ‘mosquito’ (onomatopoeic) *ŋiŋi(ŋ)
Caesionidae, fusilier’ *suli(k)
‘Carangid fish, pompano, skipjack’
Carangidae *mamula; *qulua *jeu *soke(lau); *teu; *soke; *filu *soke(lau)
Carangoides ferdau jordan’ *pakewa
Caranx sp. or spp., trevally’ *pilu
Caranx sp., possibly Caranx ignobilis, big-headed jack (Carangidae)’ *qulua
Caranx sp., possibly Caranx lugubris *tafaquli
Caranx sp., probably mature phase of Caranx ignobilis *qulua
Caranx sp.’ *aseu
Caranx spp.’ *lupo
‘Cardinal Honeyeater, Myzomela cardinalis’ (lit. ‘head of bird’)
‘cat’s eye shell, Turbo sp.’ *qalili
‘caterpillar or k.o. sea cucumber (indeterminate)’ *qanupe
‘caterpillar, grub’ *muno
‘catfish-eel, Plotosus sp.’ *kaboRa
‘centipede’ *qalipan
‘centipede’; ‘marine annelid like a centipede’ *weli
Cephalopholis argus, peacock rock cod’ *loi
Chaetodon spp.’ *tivi-tivi
Chaetodontidae *tipi-tipi
Chanos chanos, milkfish or salmon herring’ *qawa
Chanos chanos, milkfish’ *qawaq
Chanos *qawa
Cheilinus spp., Maori wrasse’ *babu *papu; *taŋafa
Cheilinus undulatus, double-headed Maori wrasse’ *mamin *taŋava
chiton *mama
‘cicada, cricket’ *kālisi
‘cicada’ *l(a,e)le; *lele *l(a,e)le
Clupeidae, probably sardine sp.’ *kepwa
Clupeidae, sardine or herring’ *s(a,i)waRa; *siwaRa *s(a,i)waRa
‘cobweb, spider’ *ka-lewe-lewe
‘cockroach’ *ipos; *kwaru-kwaru; *musi *moŋa-moŋa
‘coconut crab, Birgus latro *qayuyu *qūqū
‘Collared Lory, Phigys solitarius *kula
‘Common Noddy, Anous stolidus *ŋoŋo
‘conger eel’ *bon(u,o)
‘coral rock’ *puŋa
Coryphaena hippurus, dolphinfish’ *palata *masi-masi
‘cowrie’ *pule
‘crab taxon, probably a rock crab (Grapsidae)’ *kape
‘crayfish’ *qura
‘Crested Baza, Aviceda subcristata *ki(t,s)o; *kiso *ki(t,s)o
‘crocodile’ *puqaya
‘crow, Corvus sp.’ *(kao)kao
‘crustacean roe’ *ami
‘Cuckoo Dove, Macropygia sp.’ *woku
‘cuckoo, possibly Centropus sp.’ *seke
‘cuckoo’ *(li)kapilei
‘Cuckoo-shrike, Coracina sp.’ *pʷisu
Diodon spp., porcupinefish’ *taRutu(m,ŋ) *tautu *tautu
‘Dollar Bird, Eurystomus orientalis *kikiroa ~ *kikiora
‘dolphin’ *ku(r,R)iap
‘dove sp.’ *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o; *lumuk(w)o; *muk(w)o; *Ramuk(w)o; *Rumuk(w)o *((l,R)(a,u))muk(w)o
‘duck’ *ŋaRa *toloa
‘dugong’ *ruyuŋ
‘Dwarf Cassowary, Casuarius bennetti *kasuari
‘eagle’ *roqa
‘earthworm, grub’ *kele-mutu
Echeneis sp., remora, and Naucrates ductor, pilot fish’ *tali-tali-quli
‘egg’ *qatoluR
Egretta sacra
Elagatis bipinnulata, rainbow runner’ *kamaRi
‘Emerald Dove, Chalcophaps indica
‘emperor, Lethrinidae *koraŋ
Epibulus insidiator, slingjaw wrasse, or other long-nosed wrasse’ *ŋutuloa
Epinephelinae, rock cod’ *kalika
Epinephelus sp., possibly Epinephelus polyphekadion, marbled sea bass’ *fāpuku
Epinephelus spp.’ *ŋwajala *kito
Eunice, palolo worm
Euthynnus yaito (Euthynnus affinis), black tuna, or Gymnosarda unicolor, juvenile, dogtooth tuna’ *tawa-tawa
‘excrement’ *taqe
Exocoetidae, flying fish’ *mwagaRut
‘fan palm’ *piRu(q)
‘Fantail, Rhipidura sp.’ *takere; *laki
‘female Eclectus Parrot’ *k(w)ilo(ki)
‘female Scarus sordidus *kām(o,u)tu; *kāmutu *kām(o,u)tu
‘fierce shark’ *tanifa
‘firefly’ *(k,q)ali-totop; *qali-popot; *qali-totop *(k,q)ali-totop
‘fireworm, sea centipede’; ‘? k.o. millipede or centipede’ *weli
‘fish (generic)’ *ikan
‘fish fin’ *siRiko
‘fish fins’; ‘flap wings’ *kapa-kapa
‘fish gullet’ *kōpū
‘fish scale, turtle shell’ *quna
‘fish sp., probably Plotosus sp., catfish’ *kapoa
‘fish sp.’ *kulapo
‘fish-eating eagle or hawk’ *taragau
‘fishscale’ *qunap
Fistularia spp., probably including trumpetfish’ *tao-tao
Fistularia, flutefish’ *bābā *tao-tao
‘flatfish incl. flounders, soles’ *alali; *alali *alali
‘flatfish’ *lalali, *ali
‘fly, jump’ *Ropok
‘fly’ *laŋo
‘Flycatcher, Myiagra sp.’ *k(o,u)vi
‘flying creature’; ‘animal’ *manuk
‘flying fish’ *magaRut
‘flying fox, large fruit bat’ *bweka; *mali-bweka; *mali-boŋi
‘flying insect’ *mū
‘fowl, Gallus gallus, esp. male’ *kokorako
‘fowl’ *toqa *moa
frigate bird *(dr,d)aula; *katapa; *daula *(dr,d)aula
‘frog taxon’ *kuRau
‘frog’ *pa(R,r)a(C)
‘Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus sp.’ *g(a)umu; *gumu *g(a)umu; *va(o,u)
‘full of maggots’ *qulo-quloc
fusilier sp.’ *huli
garfish and needlefish taxon’ *panapa *haku
‘gather seafood on the reef’ *paŋoda
‘gecko; adhere to’ *pili
‘gecko’ *tok, *totok; *totok *tok, *totok
‘general term for a number of fishes of the genera Holocentrus, Adioryx, Myripristis and Flammeo, soldierfishes and squirrelfishes *malau
‘general term for insects and other small land invertebrates’ *manu-manuk
‘general term for shark spp.’ *maŋō
‘generic for branching corals’ *laje
‘generic for Chaetodontidae, coralfish and butterflyfish’ *bebek
‘generic for chitons
‘generic for conch shells, esp. triton’s trumpet, Charonia tritonis and allied spp.; possibly extended to some Cassis (helmet) shells’; ‘trumpet of Charonia shell’ *tapuRiq
‘generic for cowries’ *buli(q)
‘generic for fish (and certain other free-swimming aquatic creatures)’ *ikan
‘generic for gobies, mudskippers, blennies’ *(m,p)anoko; *panoko *(m,p)anoko
‘generic for hermit crab’ *quŋa
‘generic for hermit crabs’, ?; ‘generic for hermit and coconut crabs’ *qumwaŋ
‘generic for morays *tāpea
‘generic for octopus’ *kuRita
‘generic for prawns and shrimps, crayfish and lobsters’ *quraŋ
‘generic for various small Acanthuridae *bon(e,a)
‘generic for worms and worm-like creatures’ *mwata-mwata
Gerres spp., mojarras, silver biddy’ *matu *matu
‘ghost crab, Ocypoda sp., small white crab found on sandy beaches’ *kaRuki, (dbl. *kaRuiki) *kauki, *kawiki *kawiki
‘giant clam, Tridacna spp., including Tridacna gigas *kima *(b,v)āsua
‘gills’ *gara; *koro; *qasaŋ
‘glide, soar’ *tap(w)a
Gnathanodon, Trachinotus *vilu
‘goatfish’ *tiqo; *sapulu; *mwacasi; *sua-sua
‘goby, blenny’ *kakawa
‘Golden Whistler, Pachycephala pectoralis *sau
‘grasshopper ?’ *(s,j)eqe
‘grasshopper or stick insect’ *sakwa
‘grasshopper’ *siko
‘green lizard, Emoia sp.’
‘green parrotfish spp.’ *arawa; *karawa *arawa
‘green turtle, Chelonia mydas *manak(V)
‘ground dove’ *tū
‘grouper’
‘growth stage of goatfish *kalo *hafulu; *kaloama
‘growth stage of Siganus spp.’ *roRo
‘growth stage of skipjack tuna or dogtooth tuna
‘growth stage of Sphyraena sp.’ *moto-moto
‘growth term for Caranx sp.’ *i-kata *kata
Gymnothorax, moray eel’
‘hair, feather’ *ipu
halfbeak spp.’ *ise
hammerhead shark *mata qi taliŋa
hawkfish *patuki; *qulu-tuki
‘hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata *keRaŋ *kea
Hemiramphus spp., garfish, halfbeak’ *sipa; *mwakoR; *Rije *ŋwa(k,x)a
‘hen’ *qupa
‘hermit crab’ *kato(q)u; *koba
‘heron, probably Egretta sp.’ *bʷaro; *kao(i); *kaopa; *sou (?)
‘heron, Egretta sp.’
Hipposcarus longiceps *qulavi
honeyeater *ioli; *midi *(b,v)asilo
‘hornbill’ *binam; *koŋo(k)
‘insect spp. including mantis, stick insect, locust’ *seqe
‘Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus *was(i,e)
Istiophoridae *piRu-piRu
‘juvenile Caranx spp.’ *lupo-lupo
‘juvenile Liza vaigiensis *kava-kava
‘juvenile mullet’ *qaua
‘juvenile Siganus *rō
‘juvenile Sphyraena sp.’ *sao-sao
‘k.o. beach crab, probably Ocypoda sp., ghost crab’
‘k.o. beetle’ *tabuRuRu
‘k.o. bivalve, possibly Lucinidae and allied families’ *tu(q)e, *tu(q)e-tu(q)e; *tue, *tue-tue *tu(q)e, *tu(q)e-tu(q)e
‘k.o. bivalve’ *tape *tofe
‘k.o. borer wasp or bee that infests wood and bamboo’ *pupuk
‘k.o. crab, possibly rock crab’ *kaRaka
‘k.o. eel, moray eel ?’ *bwalup
‘k.o. eel’ *(t,d)oloq; *doloq *bulewa *(t,d)oloq
‘k.o. fish that accompanies sharks’ *bakewa
‘k.o. fish with toxic flesh, probably Ostracion *toqa
‘k.o. fish, possibly Eleotridae *uvi
‘k.o. fish, possibly angelfish *buRi-buRi
‘k.o. fish, possibly Eleotris sp.’
‘k.o. fish, possibly Lethrinus spp. *oka; *kawaŋo
‘k.o. fish’ *kaRapa *mala
‘k.o. frog’ *kwekwe
‘k.o. goatfish, including Mulloidichthys *teu *wete
‘k.o. jellyfish or hydroid’ *bak(u)i; *baki *bak(u)i
‘k.o. jellyfish’ *kalukalu
‘k.o. large crab, probably a land crab’ *rakum(u)
‘k.o. large shark, probably tiger shark or grey reef shark *nai-ufi
‘k.o. large shark’ *qaso
‘k.o. lizard, possibly a monitor’ *wak(i,e); *wake *wak(i,e)
‘k.o. lizard’ *bili; *kapoRu; *kuk(o,u); *kuku *vokai *kuk(o,u)
‘k.o. long tom’ *sao
‘k.o. moth’ *lele-fua
‘k.o. parrotfish *kosa; *meaŋa ~ *maeŋa; *maleŋa; *maneŋa; *menaŋa *meaŋa ~ *maeŋa
‘k.o. pelagic fish’ *walu
‘k.o. sandworm, probably Sipunculus sp.’ *ibo
‘k.o. sea cucumber, probably Holothuria sp.’ *ðuðu-walu
‘k.o. sea cucumber’ *(p,b)ula; *bula *(p,b)ula
‘k.o. sea eel or sea snake’ *dābea
‘k.o. sea eel’ *(k,q)asuli; *qasuli *qasuli *(k,q)asuli
‘k.o. sea urchin with long black spines, probably Diadema sp. or spp.’ *sala(n,ŋ); *salaŋ *sala(n,ŋ)
‘k.o. sea urchin with long spines’
‘k.o. sea urchin, probably Echinometra sp. or spp.’ *saRawaki
‘k.o. shark’ *kwarawa; *maŋewa *qalawa
‘k.o. shellfish or barnacle’ *jove
‘k.o. shore crab, possibly Grapsidae sp.’ *(g,k)alau
‘k.o. skink’ *kalis(i,u)
‘k.o. small fish, sardine or anchovy’ *paya
‘k.o. small fish’ *vo(q)o; *vua-vua; *vō *vo(q)o
‘k.o. small school fish’ *vaya
‘k.o. small schooling fish’ *sarā
‘k.o. snake’ *mo(g,k)o; *moko *mo(g,k)o
‘k.o. spider which lowers itself on a single thread’ *tuku-tuku
‘k.o. spider’ *gagao ~ *(g,k)a(g,k)a-; *gaga; *kaka *gagao ~ *(g,k)a(g,k)a-; *ka(p,b)ilakwa
‘k.o. wasp’ *bubu; *mañipo; *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)ipo; *ñiñipo *(n,ñ)i(n,ñ)ipo
Katsuwonus pelamis, skipjack tuna’ *qatun *qatu
‘kingfisher’ *kiki; *ki(o)kio; *(s,j)iko; *jiko; *kikio *(s,j)iko; *ki(o)kio
Kyphosidae, drummer’ *maka(o,u)r; *makaur *ranue *maka(o,u)r
Kyphosus, rudderfish’ *renu(a,e); *r(a,e)nu(a,e) *r(a,e)nu(a,e)
Lutjanus monostigma, one spot seaperch’ *tahiwa
Labridae sp., wrasse’ *tapu *tuvu; *labe *suŋale
Lambis spp., esp. spider conch, Lambis lambis *Raŋa
‘landcrab’ *tupa
‘large ant’ *lō-qata
‘large bird of prey sp., possibly sea eagle *bogi
‘large emperor, Lethrinus sp.’ *kasika
‘large Epinephelus sp.’ *munua
‘large mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Portunidae) and probably other portunids’ *qalimaŋo
‘large monitor lizard, Varanus indicus and possibly other species’ *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s); *kalipa(s); *kalupa(s); *karipa(s); *karupa(s) *ka(r,l)(i,u)pa(s)
‘large rock cod or grouper, Epinephelus sp.’ *koto(ŋ)
‘large shellfish, perhaps a bivalve’ *vāsua *fāsua *(b,v)asua; *(b,v) āsua; *(p,f) āsua
‘large stinging red ant’ *loRo
‘large tuna or skipjack *taku(a,o)
‘large wrasse, including Cheilinus sp.’ *taŋapa(R,r)
‘larger cuttlefish, Sepia sp. or spp.’ *mwanagi, *mwamwagi
‘lateral fins’; ‘flap wings’ *kapa-kapa
‘lay egg’ *tau(p)
‘leech’ *droman
Leodice viridis, palolo worm’ *(o,u)du
Leodice viridis, palolo worm’; ‘name of the months when this worm rises’ *balolo
Lethrinidae *kulabo
Lethrinus elongatus *ŋujula
Lethrinus nebulosus *kawaŋo
Lethrinus sp.’ *kabatiko *n(u,o)sa
Lethrinus spp.’ *surup; *susul
Mugil cephalus, Crenimugil crenilabis and other mullet spp.’ *kanahe
Liza spp.’ *kanaðe
Liza vaigiensis, diamond-scaled mullet’ *kava *kafa
‘lizard’ *moko
‘Long-tailed Koel, Urodynamis taitensis *kalewa; *kawekawesā
‘look intently, look for (lice etc.)’ *tiro(p), *tirop-i-
‘louse (generic)’; ‘head louse’ *kutu
Lutjanus and Lethrinus spp.’ *(ð,s)abutu; *sabutu *s(a,ā)putu *(ð,s)abutu
Lutjanus kasmira *sawane
Lutjanus monostigma *batisai; *kwak(a,e)
Lutjanus sp., probably Lutjanus gibbus *tāqea
Lutjanus sp.’ *tasiwa
Lutjanus spp. including Lutjanus vaigiensis (Lutjanus fulvus) and probably other yellow or yellow-red species’ *taŋaqu
Lutjanus spp., snapper, sea perch’ *k(i,e)pV; *kepV; *ta(Ra)qea; *taqea; *bwaa; *tasiwa *k(i,e)pV; *ta(Ra)qea
‘Mackinlay’s Cuckoo Dove, Macropygia mackinlayi
‘maggot’ *quloc
‘male Eclectus Parrot, Eclectus roratus *kaRa *ka(l,R)aŋa(r,R)
‘mangrove crab, Sesarma sp. or spp.’ *kuka
‘marine substance/creature with stone-like or rough exterior’ *pulewa
‘mature Sphyraena spp., possibly generic for all barracuda’ *qonos
Megalops *vula
‘Melanesian Graybird, Coracina caledonica *tiā(k,ŋ)
‘middle, waist, belly’ *kobu(ŋ)
‘millipede’
‘monitor lizard, Varanus spp.’ *(k,g)uma; *guma *(k,g)uma; *(k,g)uma-kara
Monotaxis grandoculis, large-eyed sea bream’ *(m,b)ū; *bū *(m,b)ū
moray eel *bwa(s,j)i; *bwa(s,j)i *bwa(s,j)i
‘Moreton Bay Bug, Thenus orientalis *tapatapa
‘mosquito, small biting fly’ *simuk
‘mosquito’ *ma-kini(t); *ñamuk
‘mouth, lips, snout, beak’ *ŋuju
‘mudcrab, including Sesarma sp. or spp., living in mangrove forest and mudflats’ *kuka
‘mudskipper’ *talae
‘mullet (generic)’ *(k,q)aRua(s); *qaRua(s) *qaua *(k,q)aRua(s)
‘mullet spp. including Valamugil cunnesius *kanase
Mullidae *oje
Mullidae sp., goatfish *memea
Murex sp.’ *buRua
‘mussel sp. (Mytilidae)’ *kuku
‘mussel sp. or spp., used as food grater or scraper’ *kuku(r)
Myripristis spp., squirrelfish’ *kuru *kuru *kuru
‘nail (of hand or foot), claw’ *kuku
Naso sp., unicornfish’ *m(a,o)nuRV; *monuRV *ma(c,s)i-ma(c,s)i; *tā; *masi-masi *qume *m(a,o)nuRV; *ma(c,s)i-ma(c,s)i
Naso spp., incl. Naso brevirostris, short snouted unicornfish’ *taRat
Naso unicornis, long-snouted unicornfish’ *qume
‘needlefish, garfish, long toms (Belonidae)’ *saku
Nemipterus spp.’ *marotV
‘nest’ *(n,ñ)iku ~ *nuki; *nuki; *ñiku *ova *(n,ñ)iku ~ *nuki
‘New Caledonian Crow, Corvus moneduloides
‘Night Heron, Nycticorax sp.’ *ŋako
‘nit’ *lisaq
Novaculichthys, wrasse’ *mrari; *marari *mrari
oilfish; deep-sea snapper’ *palu
‘orthopterous insect’ *riŋa; *sisi(rR) *wāwā
‘Osprey, Pandion haliaetus *maya
Ostraciidae, boxfish’ *moa-moa
Ostracion, boxfish’ *bwaReu *gwao-gwao; *moa(moa)
‘owl’ *drudru(r,R); *kuru(dr,d)u; *pora; *kurudu *kuru(dr,d)u
‘oyster (Ostreidae, Isognomonidae)’ *tiRom
‘oyster sp.’ *tio
‘Pacific Golden Plover, Pluvialis fulva *tuli(i)
‘Pacific Marsh Harrier, Circus approximans
‘Pacific Pigeon, Ducula pacifica *ru(b,v)e; *ruve *ru(b,v)e
‘palolo worm’; ‘name of the months when this rises’ *palolo
Parribacus sp. (Scyllaridae), slipper lobster’ *paba; *paba *jabajaba *paba
‘parrot sp.’ *kiRak; *pʷiri(p); *seŋa
‘parrot, perhaps Cardinal Lory, Chalcopsitta cardinalis *sipi; *siri
‘parrot’ *marewe
‘parrotfish spp., incl. Hipposcarus longiceps, longnosed parrotfish’ *(k,q)ulapi; *(k,q)ulapi; *qulapi *(k,q)ulapi
Parupeneus sp.’ *matu-xurau; *ŋwaðaði
‘pearl oyster, including Pinctada spp.’ *jiva
‘peck’ (also perhaps of fish nibbling at bait) *toki
‘pectoral fins’ *kapi-kapi; *taliŋa
Pempheris sp.’ *manivi
Petaurus breviceps, sugar glider’
‘petrel or albatross’ *saba(l)
‘petrel or other large sea bird’ *lofa
‘petrel’ *taiko *ta(i)ko(k)
‘phalanger, cuscus’ *k(w)adroRa
‘phosphorescent centipede/millipede’ *taqe-tuli
‘pig, possibly sow’ *bwasa
‘pig, Sus scrofa *b(o,u)kas(i); *bukas(i); *boRok *puaka *b(o,u)kas(i)
‘pigeon or dove sp.’ *bʷaruruk
‘pigeon or dove’ *(k,g)upuR; *gupuR *(k,g)upuR
‘pigeon sp.’ *butir; *kurau; *(ku(r,l)u)ku(r,l)u; *(kulu)kulu *(ku(r,l)u)ku(r,l)u; *belik(e,i)o
‘pigeon, dove’ *bune
‘pigeon, Ducula sp.’ *baluc; *bona
‘pigeon, probably Ducula sp.’ *ku(i)ba; *kuba *ku(i)ba
Plectorhinchus spp., banded sweetlips’ *lau; *(k,q)umutuR; *qumutuR *(k,q)umutuR
Plotosus spp., catfish’ *kaboRa
‘plover’
Pomacentridae, particularly Abudefduf *mutu
Pomacentridae *dukuku *mutu; *tukuku
‘porcupine fish’
‘Portuguese man o’ war (bluebottle), Physalia sp.’ *paki(paki)
‘possibly generic for Thunnus and Katsuwonus spp.’ *qatu
‘praying mantis’ *papa
‘probably black-lipped pearl, Pinctada maxima, possibly generic for Pinctada spp.’
‘probably general name for small or medium-sized circular bivalves, including cockles, Asaphis spp.’ *pipi
‘probably generic for large land crabs, Cardisoma spp.’ *tubaRa
Pseudobalistes fuscus, brown triggerfish’ *lio-lio
‘pufferfish’ *buli; *bwoe-bwoe
‘pufferfish, porcupinefish’ *poto
‘Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio *bʷalaRe; *bʷiru
‘quail’ *puRu(q)
‘rabbitfish, Siganus rostratus’ (Siganus argenteus) *marawa
‘rabbitfish, Siganus spp.’ *palaja
‘rail’ *pit(a,i)ri
‘Rainbow Lory, Trichoglossus haematodus, or Cardinal Lory, Chalcopsitta cardinalis *sipi(r,R)i
Rastrelliger, k.o. small mackerel’ *jalala *salala
‘rat taxon, probably Rattus exulans and possibly other small commensal sp. or spp.’ *kasupe, *kusupe
‘rat taxon’ *kalapo; *la(b,p)(o,u); *pwalapo; *labu; *lapo; *lapu *la(b,p)(o,u)
‘rat’ *kumā
‘red Cephalopholis *dralā
‘Red Jungle-fowl, Gallus gallus *manuk
‘red Lutjanus spp., especially Lutjanus bohar, red bass or red snapper *p(a,e)ŋa; *peŋa *faŋa-mea *p(a,e)ŋa
‘red rock cod spp.’ *lalī
‘Red-footed Booby, Sula sula
‘Reef Heron, Egretta sacra *matuku
‘resembling’ *mala
‘rock cod, grouper’ *baba(ŋ); *kawa-kawa
‘rock cod, when large’ *tonu
‘rock-cod, Epinephelus sp. or spp. including Epinephelus lanceolatus, Queensland grouper’ *kuRapu
‘roe, fish eggs’ *biRa
‘sago grub, edible’ *qapator
‘sailfish’ *saku-layaR
‘sandfly, midge’ *nonok
‘sandfly’ *ŋi(s,j)i; *ŋiji *ŋi(s,j)i
‘sandpiper sp.’
‘sardine-like fish, possibly Atherinidae *sara(Ra)
Sardinella spp., sardine’ *tanipa; *kwaru *niva; *taniva *nifa
Sargocentron spiniferum, armoured soldierfish’ *taqa
Sargocentron spp., squirrelfish, including Sargocentron spiniferum *taRaqan
Scaridae spp.’ *qulafi
Scarus sp., k.o. parrotfish’ *bwos; *(ma)manu; *manu; *kirau *bobo; *bōsē *kamutu; *mamanu *(ma)manu; *kir
Scomberoides sp.’ *laði
Scomberoides spp., leatherskin, including Scomberoides lysan *laci
Scomberoides *lai
Scombridae sp. or spp.’ *walu *walu
‘Scombridae spp., prob. incl. Scomberomorus commerson, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, and Acanthocybium solandri, wahoo’ *taŋiRi
‘sea anenome’ *rumane
‘sea cucumber taxon’ *loli; *tarasea
‘sea eagle, Haliaeetus *bʷaŋ; *manuka *katata ~ *kakata; *manu(w)ai
‘sea eel generic, Gymnothorax spp.’ *malayo *pusi
‘sea snake’
‘sea urchin sp.’ *wana
‘sea urchin with short spines’ *sāwaki
‘sea urchin, probably Diadema sp. and/or Echinothrix spp.’ *wana
‘sea urchin’ *kina
‘seafood gathered on the reef, edible sea invertebrates’ *paŋoda; *paŋoda, *piŋoda
‘seahorse’ *puqaya + modifier
‘seek lice’ *tapu(s), *tapus-i-
Selar crumenophthalmus, silver scad’ *qatule *qatule *qatule
Serranidae *mataele
‘shark (generic)’ *bakewa
‘shark sp.’ *qaso
‘shellfish, Asaphis spp.’ *kasi
‘Shining Starling, Aplonis metallica *bʷisu
‘shore bird taxon including Pluvialis and Numenius *kiu ~ *kiwi; *kiwi *kiu ~ *kiwi
Siganus argenteus, silver or rabbit-faced spinefoot’ *muroR
Siganus sp., possibly ‘Siganus punctatus, gold-spotted spinefoot’ *kitoŋ
Siganus sp.’ *rō
Siganus spp., rabbitfish’ *palaja
Siganus taxon, possibly Siganus spinus *muqu(ŋ)
‘Singing Parrot, Geoffroyus heteroclitus *(k(w),g)i(l,n)e
‘sit on eggs’ *taup-i-
‘skink, k.o. lizard’ *kalisi
‘skipper, blenny’
‘small bat’; ‘white-rumped swiftlet *peka-peka
‘small biting fly’ *niku-niku
‘small coral fish, damselfish or similar’ *taku-takuŋ
‘small dark surgeonfish, possibly Ctenochaetus *bolo
‘small fish, herring or anchovy’ *jaja
‘small insectivorous, cave-dwelling bat’ *beka-beka
‘small parrot sp.’ *(ka)reŋas; *reŋas *(ka)reŋas
‘small red or brown ants’ *driu
‘small reef squid (Loligo spp.) and smaller cuttlefish (Sepia spp.)’ *nusa (doublet *nus)
‘small schooling fish’ *sarā
‘small shore crab, possibly Ocypoda sp.’
‘small wader taxon’ *pʷipipi
‘smooth round coral’ *buŋa
‘snake (generic)’ *mwata
‘snake’ *nipe
‘snapper (Lutjanus) or emperor (Lethrinus) sp. or spp.’ *sabutu
‘snapper, Lutjanus spp.’ *kulabo; *bwaa; *bwawa *bwaa
‘soldier or squirrelfish spp.’ *tala-kisi
‘Sooty Crake, Porzana tabuensis *mo(s)o; *mō *mo(s)o
‘species of possum or cuscus’ *pu(dr,d,j)(o,u); *pud(o,u); *puj(o,u) *pu(dr,d,j)(o,u)
Sphyraena sp., barracuda’ *qutur
Sphyraena sp., possibly Sphyraena jello, the slender or pickhandle sea pike’ *bwara-wa(r,d,dr,R)a(q)
Sphyraena sp.’ *moto-moto
Sphyraena spp., barracuda’ *qono
Sphyraena taxon, incl. Sphyraena barracuda, great barracuda’ *qalu
‘spider, spider web’ *lawaq
‘spider’ *koko
spinefoot sp.’ *marawa
‘sponge’ *oma
‘spotted eagle ray, Aetobatus narinari *paRi-manuk
‘spotted rock cod, taxon including Cephalopholis and Plectropomus spp.’ *don(o,u); *donu *don(o,u)
‘Spotted Triller, Lalage maculosa *(jea)jea
Spratelloides sp.’ *ðaðā
‘squid’ *nus *ŋū
squirrelfish, possibly generic’ *jori
‘Starling, Aplonis sp.’ *pusiRa
‘stick insect’ *mimis-mata
‘stinging black ant’ *kadik
‘stingray, general term’ *paRi *fai
‘Striped Starling, Aplonis tabuensis *miti
‘Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, Cacatua galerita *wakeke ~ *kakawe
‘surgeonfish, Acanthurus sp.’ *qaroŋo
‘swiftlet, Aerodramus or Collocalia spp.’ *kabakabal *bekabeka *ka(r,l)aka(r,l)a
‘swordfish, sailfish’ *saku-laya *sakulā
Synanceia verrucosa, Scorpaenidae spp.’ (now Synanceiidae) *nofu
Synanceia spp., stonefish’ *(ñ,n)opuq; *nopuq *(ñ,n)opuq
Synanceia verrucosa, stonefish’ *novu
‘tail feather, plume’ *lawe
‘tail, of quadruped, some birds and possibly fish’ *iku(R)
‘tentacle of a cephalopod’ *kawe *kawe
Terapon jarbua, crescent perch’ *kawa-kawa
‘termite’ *ane
‘tern, Sterna spp.’ *kanawe; *bʷauro; *golo; *ker(a,e)(ker(a,e)); *sele(kai); *kere(kere) *tala *ker(a,e)(ker(a,e)); *baraŋ ~ *rabaŋ
Thalassoma sp.’ *tufu
‘the operculum or trapdoor of certain gastropod spp.’ *mata
‘thorn, prickle; spike or spines of a fish’ *voto
Thunnus albacares, yellowfin tuna’ *taku(a,o)
tiger shark *tanifa
‘to pinch’ *kini-t
‘to scrape; scraper or grater made from robust circular bivalve shell, such as Asaphis and cockles’; ‘shellfish taxon, esp. Asaphis spp.’ *kasi (ᴠ)
‘tooth, tusk’ *ipon; *nipon *ipon
Tridacna clam sp.’ *(p,f)āsua
Trochus spp., including Trochus niloticus (Tectus niloticus) and possibly Trochus stellatus’; ‘rings or armlets made of this’ *lala(k)
tropicbird
Turbo petholatus, tapestry turban; possibly generic for several or all Turbo spp.’ *qaliliŋ
‘turtle (generic)’ *poñu
‘turtle shell’ *bo(dr,d)a
‘tusk, canine tooth’ *bati
‘various flat fishes incl. sole and flounder’ *lapaq
‘various small, snail-like gastropods of nerite family’; ‘probably generic for a wider class of edible gastropods’ *sisiq
‘wader sp.’ *jipiu *(lafu)lafulafu *keke ~ *kaka
‘wallaby, Macropus agilis *wakin
‘Wandering Tattler, Heteroscelus incanus *kolili
‘whale’ *puRa-puRas *taf(o,u)raqa
white cockatoo
‘White Tern, Gygis alba *kiRa *aki-aki
‘whitebait’ *jiŋana *(h)inaŋa; *inaŋa *(h)inaŋa
‘White-bellied Sea Eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster *manuk-lapuat
‘White-breasted Wood Swallow, Artamus leucorynchus
‘White-capped Noddy, Anous minutus *lapiti
‘White-eye, Zosterops sp.’
‘White-tailed Tropic-bird, Phaethon lepturus *tawake
‘White-throated Pigeon, Columba vitiensis
‘Willie Wagtail, Rhipidura leucophrys
‘wing, fin’ *kapa-kau
‘wing’, ‘flap wings’ *kaba
‘worm’ *sulati
wrasse or parrotfish spp.’ *merari *la-lafi; *lafi; *mrari; *qufu; *marari *la-lafi; *mrari
‘Yellow-faced Mynah, Mino dumontii *ciŋi(l)o
‘young flying fish’ *sipa
Zanclus canescens, Moorish idol’ *laulau-fau
Zebrasoma veliferum, sailfin tang’ *piRa(q)

References