Proto-Timor-Alor-Pantar reconstructions:
Schapper, et al. (2017: 141-143) reconstruct the following proto-Timor-Alor-Pantar, proto-Alor-Pantar, and proto-Timor forms, demonstrating the relatedness of the Timor and Alor-Pantar languages.[1]
| gloss | proto-Timor-Alor-Pantar | proto-Alor-Pantar | proto-Timor |
|---|---|---|---|
| bamboo | *mari | *mari | *mari |
| banana | *mugul | *mogol | *mugu |
| bark, call | *lVu | *le(k)u(l) | |
| bat | *madel | *madel | *maTa |
| bathe | *weLi | *weli | *weru |
| bird | *(h)adul | *(a)dVl | *haDa |
| bite | *ki(l) | *(ta)ki | *(ga)gel |
| blood | *waj | *wai | *waj |
| bone | *se(r, R) | *ser | *(se)sa(r, R) |
| breast | *hami | *hami | *hami |
| child | *-uaQal | *-uaqal | *-al |
| clew | *ma(i)ta(r) | *maita | *matar |
| coconut | *wata | *wata | *wa(t, D)a |
| crawl | *er | *er | *er |
| crouch | *luk(V) | *luk(V) | *luk |
| die | *mV(n) | *min(a) | *-umV |
| dirty | *karV(k) | *karok | *gari |
| dream | *(h)ipar | *hipar | *ufar(ana) |
| ear | *-waRi | *-uari | *-wali |
| eat | *nVa | *nai | *nua |
| excrement | *(h)at(V) | *has | *a(t, D)u |
| face | *panu | *-pona | *-fanu |
| far | *le(t, d)e | *lete | *eTar |
| fire | *hada | *hada | *haTa |
| fish | *habi | *habi | *hapi |
| flat | *tatok | *tatok | *tetok |
| garden | *magad | *magad(a) | *(u, a)mar |
| girl | *pan(a) | *pon | *fana |
| give | *-(e, i)na | *-ena | *-inV |
| grandparent | *(t, d)ama | *tam(a, u) | *moTo |
| green | *lugar | *(wa)logar | *ugar |
| hand | *-tan(a) | *-tan | *-tana |
| hear | *mage(n) | *magi | *mage(n) |
| inside | *mi | *mi | *mi |
| itchy | *iRak | *(i)ruk | *ilag |
| laugh | *jagir | *jagir | *jiger |
| leg | *buta | *-bat | *buta |
| low | *po | *po | *ufe |
| mat | *bit | *bis | *biti |
| meat | *isor | *iser | *seor |
| moon | *hur(u) | *wur | *huru |
| mountain | *buku | *buku | *bugu |
| name | *-en(i, u) | *-nej | |
| new | *(t, s)iba(r) | *siba(r) | *(t, s)ipa(r) |
| new place | *lan | *lan | *lan |
| nose | *-mVN | *-mim | *-muni |
| one | *nukV | *nuk | *uneki |
| other | *abe(nVC) | *aben(VC) | *epi |
| Pterocarpus indicus | *matar | *matar | *ma(t, D)ar |
| path | *jega | *jega | *jiga |
| person | *anV(N) | *anin | *anu |
| pig | *baj | *baj | *baj |
| pound | *tapa(i) | *tapai | *tafa |
| price | *boL | *bol | *bura |
| rain | *anu(r, R) | *anur | *ine(r, R) |
| rat | *dur(a) | *dur | *Dura |
| ripe | *tena | *tena | *tena |
| run | *tipar | *tiara | *tifar |
| scorpion | *pV(r, R) | *pVr | *fe(r, R)e |
| scratch | *karab | *karab | *gabar |
| sea | *tam(a) | *tam | *mata |
| shark | *sibar | *sib(a, i)r | *supor |
| sit | *mit | *mis | *mit |
| six | *talam | *talam | *tamal |
| sleep | *tia(r) | *tia | *tia(r) |
| spit | *puRV(n) | *purVn | *fulu(k, n) |
| spoon | *suRa | *surV | *sula |
| stand | *nat(er) | *nate(r) | *nat |
| star | *jibV | *jibV | *ipi(-bere) |
| stone | *war | *war | *war |
| sugarcane | *ub(a) | *huːba | *upa |
| sun | *wad(i, u) | *wadi | *waTu |
| taboo | *palu(l, n) | *palol | *falu(n) |
| tail | *-oRa | *-ora | *-ula(ʔ) |
| tongue | *-lebuR | *-lebur | *-ipul |
| tooth | *-wasin | *-uasin | *-wasin |
| tree | *hate | *tei | *hate |
| vagina | *-ar(u) | *-ar | *-aru |
| wake | *tan(i) | *-ten | *Tani |
| walk (1) | *lak(Vr) | *laka | *lagar |
| walk (2) | *lamV | *lam(ar) | *male |
| water | *jira | *jira | *ira |
| weave | *sine(N) | *sine(N) | *sina |
| yellow | *bagur(V) | *bagori | *gabar |
| 1pi | *pi | *pi- | *fi |
| 1sg | *na- | *na- | *n- |
| 3 | *gie | *ge | *gie |
| 3poss | *ga- | *ga- | *g- |
| Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages |
|---|
| Papuan |
|
p-Trans-New Guinea • p-Northern Adelbert • p-Sogeram • Bayono-Awbono • Paniai Lakes • Kolopom • Bulaka River • Pauwasi • p-South Bougainville • p-Lower Sepik • p-Watam-Awar-Gamay • p-Lakes Plain • p-North Halmahera • p-Timor-Alor-Pantar • p-Alor-Pantar • Tayap • Massep |
| Australian |
|
North Australian (basic) • p-Nyulnyulan • p-Mirndi • p-Gunwinyguan • Limilngan • Umbugarla • Minkin • Tiwi • Malak-Malak • Pama-Nyungan • p-Pama-Nyungan • p-Arandic • p-Thura-Yura • p-Ngayarda |
| Others |
|
p-Dravidian • Dravidian • Kusunda • Nihali • Kenaboi • p-Ongan |