Appendix:Swedish verbs

• The Swedish plural forms are considered archaic in the contemporary standard language, having fallen out of common speech sometime in the late 18th century to early 19th century. They were however ubiquitous in literature and formal speech up until ca. 1930–40, and still occur in some folk songs and poetry. In all verbs, except for vara (present plural äro), the indicative present plural is identical with the infinitive.^[1] The past is identical with the singular in weak verbs, but in strong verbs it is different, often with an ablaut vowel (sg. fann ( found) & pl. funno ( found).^[2] This is shown in the table below.

• In most contemporary speech and writing the past subjunctive or conjunctive forms are replaced with the indicative forms, and they are generally seen as dated. However they have not been declared obsolete by the Swedish Academy, and some forms are still commonly used, such as vore or ginge. The past subjunctive (in the Swedish Academy's Grammar called "conjunctive") is only productive in strong verbs, the reason for this being that it takes the past plural stem and adds an -e to it,^[3] (ppl. gåvo ( gave) & sbj. gåve (if gave).^[4] However, in Swedish the past tense (both singular and plural) for weak verbs always ends with an -e (hjälpte (helped), kallade (called)), and so this is not visible.

• The present subjunctive or optative forms are seen as archaic, and are very rarely used in modern speech or literature, except in certain set phrases such as "Leve konungen" ("May the king live"). They are formed through taking the infinitive stem and adding a final -e, such as in the above example, from the weak verb leva. Note that if the infinitive stem ends with a stressed vowel, such as in ske or sy, the -e suffix disappears, and hence the present subjunctive merges with the imperative.^[5] This can be seen in the below excerpt from the Lord's prayer (Sw. Herrens bön), where varde, tillkomme and ske are all in the optative.

  "Fader vår, som är i himmelen, helgat varde ditt namn, tillkomme ditt rike, ske din vilja..."

  "Our Father, Who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name; Thy kingdom come; Thy will be done..."

Most verbs are conjugated as follows:

The following list contains all verbs that do not follow this conjugation pattern and appear in Hoppe's Swedish-German dictionary (1919), as listed on pages 388 and following. An asterisk (*) indicate corrections and amendments made here.

Content: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, X, Y, Z, Å, Ä, Ö