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Appendix:Upper Sorbian pronunciation. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
Appendix:Upper Sorbian pronunciation, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
Appendix:Upper Sorbian pronunciation in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Appendix:Upper Sorbian pronunciation will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
Appendix:Upper Sorbian pronunciation, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Upper Sorbian pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.
Alphabet
The following table lists the letters and digraphs of the Upper Sorbian alphabet, the phonemes which they usually represent and rough English (or other) equivalents to the sounds of those phonemes. The digraphs dź and ch are treated as independent letters of the alphabet, whereas all the other digraphs given in brackets are not.
| Consonants
|
| IPA |
Upper Sorbian |
English approximation
|
| b
|
b
|
bad
|
| bʲ
|
bj
|
abuse
|
| t͡s
|
c
|
pizza
|
| t͡ʃ
|
č, ć
|
chin
|
| d
|
d
|
door
|
| d͡ʒ
|
dź
|
jam
|
| f
|
f
|
fun
|
| ɡ
|
g
|
game
|
| ɦ
|
h
|
behind
|
| k͡x
|
ch (word initially)
|
Cockney cab
|
| x
|
ch (other position)
|
Scotts loch
|
| j
|
j
|
yes
|
| k
|
k
|
skin
|
| β
|
ł, w
|
Spanish lava
|
| m
|
m
|
man
|
| mʲ
|
mj
|
muse
|
| n
|
n
|
not
|
| ɲ
|
ń, nj
|
news
|
| p
|
p
|
spot
|
| pʲ
|
pj
|
pure
|
| ʀ
|
r
|
French Paris
|
| ʀʲ
|
rj
|
|
| ʃ
|
ř, š
|
shoe
|
| s
|
s
|
saw
|
| t
|
t
|
street
|
| t͡sʲ
|
tř
|
|
| ɥ
|
wj
|
French nuit
|
| z
|
z
|
zoo
|
| ʒ
|
ž
|
vision
|
| Vowels
|
| IPA |
Upper Sorbian |
English approximation
|
| a
|
a
|
car
|
| ɛ
|
e
|
bed
|
| e
|
ě
|
play
|
| i
|
i
|
meet
|
| ɔ
|
o
|
pot
|
| o
|
ó
|
Cockney yawn
|
| u
|
u
|
boot
|
| ɪ
|
y
|
roses
|
Voicing and devoicing
Upper Sorbian obstruents are subject to voicing and devoicing in certain positions.
At the end of a word, all voiced obstruents become devoiced, ex. chlěb bread, chlěb a woda bread and water, unless the next word of an utterance begins with a voiced obstruent, ex. chlěb žiwjenja bread of life.
In the latter position, ie. word-finally when the next word begins with a voiced obstruent, unvoiced obstruents become voiced, čłowjek dyrbi a man must, in other cases they remain unvoiced, ex. čłowjek móže a man can.
In a consonant cluster consisting of obstruents the consonants are either all voiced or all voiceless, regardless the spelling of the words. The actual pronunciation is determined by the quality of the last obstruent in the cluster, ex.
Stress
As a rule, the stress falls on the first syllable of a word, ex. budźeće you (plur.) will be, čłowjekojo men.
See also
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