Capitolium
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The Capitoline Hill as seen from the south under Constantine the Great, Museum of Roman Civilization 
The Capitoline Hill today, as seen from the west
English
Etymology
From Latin Capitōlium (“Capitoline Hill, its temples; similar citadels”), from the oblique stem of caput (“head”) + -ō (“forming nouns”) or -ōlus (“-ole: forming diminutives”) + -ium (“forming location names”).
Proper noun
Capitolium
- (uncommon) Synonym of Capitoline Hill.
Noun
Capitolium (plural Capitolia)
Latin
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Etymology
From the oblique stem of caput (“head”) + -ō (“forming nouns”) or -ōlus (“-ole: forming diminutives”) + -ium (“forming location names”). Compare capito and capitulum.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ka.piˈtoː.li.um/,
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ka.piˈto.li.um/,
Proper noun
Capitōlium n sg (genitive Capitōliī or Capitōlī); second declension
- The Capitoline Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome, particularly (historical) the Roman temples there in antiquity.
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter), singular only.
| Case | Singular |
|---|---|
| Nominative | Capitōlium |
| Genitive | Capitōliī Capitōlī1 |
| Dative | Capitōliō |
| Accusative | Capitōlium |
| Ablative | Capitōliō |
| Vocative | Capitōlium |
1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).
Synonyms
- Capitolinus, Mons Capitolinus, Clivus Capitolinus; Mons Saturnius, Mons Tarpeius (historical)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Inherited forms:
- Old French: capitoile, capitolie
- Italian: Campidoglio
- Old Occitan: capdolh
- Sicilian: Capitugghiu
- Borrowings:
- → English: Capitolium (learned)
- → Portuguese: Capitólio (learned)
- → Sicilian: Capitùliu (learned)
- → Spanish: Capitolio (learned)
Noun
Capitōlium n sg (genitive Capitōliī or Capitōlī); second declension
- (figurative) Any eternal thing.
- (figurative) Any similar citadel in other towns.
- (Medieval Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Any pagan temple.
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Capitōlium | Capitōlia |
| Genitive | Capitōliī Capitōlī1 |
Capitōliōrum |
| Dative | Capitōliō | Capitōliīs |
| Accusative | Capitōlium | Capitōlia |
| Ablative | Capitōliō | Capitōliīs |
| Vocative | Capitōlium | Capitōlia |
1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “capitŏlium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 265