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Verbs where the ablaut vowel was followed by a consonant cluster in Proto-Indo-European.
The third class of Dutch strong verbs is the second largest.
There are three regular subclasses, and one anomalous root. Their paradigms are:
| Form | 3a | 3b | 3+7 | worden |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present tense | /-ɪ-/ | /-ɛ-/ | /-ɛ-/ | /-ɔ-/ |
| Past tense singular | /-ɔ-/ | /-ɔ-/ | /-i-/ | /-ɛ-/ |
| Past tense plural | /-ɔ-/ | /-ɔ-/ | /-i-/ | /-ɛ-/ |
| Past participle | /-ɔ-/ | /-ɔ-/ | /-ɔ-/ | /-ɔ-/ |
class 3a, for example klimmen – klom – klommen – geklommen
class 3b, for example zenden – zond – zonden – gezonden
Historically these verbs have a past tense singular in /-ɑ-/, however the modern language replaced this vowel with the /-ɔ-/ of the past plural and past participle. The associated nouns of action have frequently preserved the sound /-ɑ-/: zang, drang, stank.
class 3+7 contains verbs that did not adopt the uniform /-ɔ-/, but have instead received a past tense in /-i-/ due to the influence of the seventh class of strong verbs. For example sterven – stierf – stierven – gestorven
The verb 'worden' has become anomalous due to colouring of the preceding 'w' and the following 'r'.