A small group of Dutch weak verbs form the past tense and the past participle with -cht instead of -t and have developed vowel sound changes through rückumlaut. These thereby resemble strong verbs but historically have been weak.
Note, in particular, that the past participles of strong verbs end with -en whereas the past participles of these verbs do not.
The group is dominated by several core verbs and those derived from them: brengen, kopen, denken, dunken, plegen, roeken and zoeken.
There are two subclasses. Their paradigms are:
Form | pattern A | pattern B |
---|---|---|
Present tense | /-*-/ | /-*-/ |
Past tense singular | /-ɔxt-/ | /-ɑxt-/ |
Past tense plural | ||
Past participle |
Pattern A, for example kopen – kocht – kochten – gekocht
Pattern B, for example brengen – bracht – brachten – gebracht