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- 2nd C. BC, Dionysius Thrax, Τέχνη Γραμματική, § iii: «Περὶ Τόνου»:
- τόνος ἐστὶν ἀπήχησις φωνῆς ἐναρμονίου, ἡ κατὰ ἀνάτασιν ἐν τῇ ὀξείᾳ, ἡ κατὰ ὁμαλισμὸν ἐν τῇ βαρείᾳ, ἡ κατὰ περίκλασιν ἐν τῇ περισπωμένῃ.
- Tone is the resonance of a voice endowed with harmony. It is heightened in the acute, balanced in the grave, and broken in the circumflex. ― translation from: Thomas Davidson, The Grammar of Dionysios Thrax (1874), § iii: “On Tone”, page 4
- ibidem, § xiv: «Περὶ Συζυγίας»:
- περισπωμένων δὲ ῥημάτων συζυγίαι εἰσὶ τρεῖς,
- Of Circumflexed Verbs there are three Conjugations, ― translation from: ibidem, § xvii: “On Circumflexed Verbs”, page 12
- ibidem:
- ἡ μὲν πρώτη ἐκφέρεται ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης τῶν περισπωμένων, ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ τιθῶ γέγονε τίθημι·
- the First is characterized from the first of the Circumflexed Conjugations, as from τιθῶ comes τίθημι; ― translation from: ibidem, § xviii: “On Verbs in μι”, page 13
- ante AD 50, Philo (author), Leopold Cohn (editor), Περὶ τῆς κατὰ Μωσέα κοσμοποιίας in Philonis Alexandrini Libellus de Opificio Mundi (1889), § 41 (page 45, lines 11–14):
- Συμβέβηκε μέντοι καὶ τὰς τῆς φωνῆς μεταβολὰς ἁπάσας ἑπτὰ εἶναι, τὴν ὀξεῖαν, τὴν βαρεῖαν, τὴν περισπωμένην, καὶ τέταρτον δασὺν φθόγγον καὶ ψιλὸν πέμπτον καὶ μακρὸν ἕκτον καὶ βραχὺν ἕβδομον.
- It also happens that all the changes of the voice amount to seven; the acute, the grave, the contracted, in the fourth place the aspirated sound, the fifth is the tone, the sixth the long, the seventh the short sound. ― translation from: Charles Duke Yonge, The works of Philo Judæus, the contemporary of Josephus I (1890), “A Treatise on the Account of the Creation of the World, as Given by Moses”, § xli, page 36