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1971 September 14, RDHodgson, TVMcIntyre, South China Sea: Up for Grabs, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, published 2012, archived from the original on May 12, 2024, pages 5–6, 15, 17:Miscellaneous Islands
South Rock (15°07'N., 117°49'E.) is part of the Scarborough Shoal, which is situated on a seamount in the South China Basin. There are no known specific claims to South Rock or any of the small rocks on the Shoal; however, the Shoal would be included in the sweeping claims the Chinese have made to the South China Sea. […]
South Rock (area A) has not been specifically claimed by anyone, except that it is included within the area encompassing the claim of both the PRC and ROC to the islets in the South China Sea. However, because of proximity the Philippines may have at least a "paper claim" to the Rock. Again there is the issue of whether or not such a small rock should be assigned anything more than a territorial sea, or whether the Rock should be removed from any consideration as a basepoint. […]
ISLETS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
The list includes only those features that are high-tide elevations. […]
MACCLESFIELD BANK / Chung-sha Ch'un-Tao / Middle Sand Islands / 15°50'N., 114°20'E.
SCARBOROUGH SHOAL / Min-chu Chiao / / 15°08'N., 117°45'E.
South Rock / / / 15°06'N., 117°46'E.
2005, Zou Keyuan, “Dispute over the Scarborough Reef”, in Law of the Sea in East Asia: Issues and prospects, Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 61:Scarborough Reef (Huangyan Island in Chinese) is located within the geographic coordinates of 15°08’ to 15°14’N and 117°44’ to 117°48’E. It is triangular-shaped with a circumference of 46km. The total area of the feature including the inner lagoon is 150sq km. There are several rocks on the reef, the biggest of which is South Rock (Nanyan). This feature is apparently above water at high tide (1.8m high), and situated at the southeastern extremity of the reef. Near the north of South Rock there is a channel, approximately two cables wide (370m), with depths of five to six fathoms, leading into the lagoon. In addition, North Rock (Beiyan) and several other tiny above-water coral rocks are also situated on the reef. Thus Scarborough Reef is actually a large atoll including South Rock and North Rock. According to a Chinese authority on the South China Sea, the reef is also the biggest atoll in the South China Sea.¹ It lies approximately 170nm east of Macclesfield Bank, and approximately 115nm off Zambales province on the western side of Luzon Island.
2012 May 10, Victor N. Arches II, “Huangyan Island does belong to China”, in China Internet Information Center, sourced from Manila Standard Today, archived from the original on May 10, 2012, Editor's Pick:In the late 1970s, China organized many scientific expeditions in the shoal and around that area. In fact, in 1980, a stone marker reading "South China Sea Scientific Expedition" was installed by China on the South Rock. This Chinese marker was removed, without authority, by the Philippines in 1997.
2013, Lowell Bautista, Clive Schofield, “Philippine-China Border Relations: Cautious Engagement Amid Tensions”, in Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia, M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 248:The British Admiralty sailing directions, for example, indicate that Scarborough Reef is “steep-to on all sides and consists of a narrow belt of coral enclosing a lagoon of clear blue water” and that South Rock, at 3 meters high, is the “tallest rock” located at the southeast extremity of the reef. United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, China Sea Pilot, Vol. 2, 9th ed., Admiralty Sailing Directions, (UKHO, Taunton, 2010), 74.
2015, Peter Navarro, “A Hungry Cow's Tongue in the South China Sea”, in Crouching Tiger: What China's Militarism Means for the World, Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 142:Scarborough Shoal is a triangular-shaped chain of reefs, rocks, and small islands about 115 nautical miles off the Philippines’ Zambales Province on the western side of Luzon Island and well within the Philippines’ Exclusive Economic Zone. Barely thirty-four miles in circumference, the shoal covers an area of about sixty square miles while only one of its land features, South Rock, is above water at high tide.
2017, Michael Green, Kathleen Hicks, Zack Cooper, John Schaus, Jake Douglas, “Case Studies of Maritime Coercion”, in Countering Coercion in Maritime Asia: The Theory and Practice of Grazy Zone Deterrence, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 114:The MCS 3001 (replacing the MCS 3006) was now 1.6 nm northeast of South Rock still within the lagoon.
2023 October 4, Marvie Basilan, “Scarborough Shoal: The Strategic Reef At The Center Of China-Philippine Tensions”, in International Business Times, archived from the original on October 05, 2023, World:What's so special about Scarborough Shoal?
The reefs that measure about 10 miles in width features scattered rocks and a lagoon at the center. Its most visible elevation is called South Rock.