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What is not mentioned in the cases of Ch'ang-shu and Ning-po is clearly explained in the history of Wu-chiang county in southern Kiangsu whose population may be seen in Table 7.While Ch'ang-shu and Wu-chiang represented a minority of the localities in the southeast registering a mildly increasing or stationary population, most of the available late Ming southeastern local histories registered a steady decline.
The division of hsien cities, as opposed to sheng or fu cities, into two administrative units was unique to Kiangsu. One example is Wu-chiang hsien city....An exceptional example of flourishing nonadministrative cities was the above-mentioned Wu-chiang hsien on the Grand Canal south of Soochow near the Chekiang border. After the settlements in Chen-tze hsien were split off from this hsien during the Yung-cheng reign, Wu-chiang was left with four chen, five shih (interchangeable with chi meaning market) and 175 villages for a population of 247,000....Also southeast in Wu-chiang hsien was Sheng-tze chen, formerly a village of 50 to 60 households in the early Ming period, which first became a shih owing to trade in silk thread and later was reputed to have increased its population a hundred times, becoming the largest chen in the hsien.
1976, Shih Min-Hsiung, The Silk Industry in Chʻing China, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 5:
A good example was Sheng-tse, a town lying sixty-five li southeast of the county city of Wu-chiang in Soochow prefecture.
