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2020 February 13, Clare Wilson, “This is how jellyfish can sting you without even touching you”, in New Scientist:The jellies released cassiosomes and mucus when brine shrimp, their natural prey, were put in their tank.
2020 February 14, staff, “Biologists Solve Mystery of 'Stinging Water'”, in Sci News:Other cells were present, too, including some with cilia — waving, hairlike filaments that propel the cassiosomes’ movements.
2021 April 9, “C. Xamachana (Page 1)”, in Simple Line Drawing:Observations of mucus and cassiosome release in Cassiopea xamachana...
2021 June, Anna M L Klompen, Ehsan Kayal, Allen G Collins, Paulyn Cartwright, “Phylogenetic and Selection Analysis of an Expanded Family of Putatively Pore-Forming Jellyfish Toxins (Cnidaria: Medusozoa)”, in Genome Biology and Evolution, volume 13, →DOI, page 11:For instance, cassiosomes, stinging-cell structures released in the mucus of medusae of Cassiopea, contain peptides corresponding to JFT toxins.
2022 June, Colin J Anthony, MacKenzie Heagy, Bastian Bentlage, “Phenotypic plasticity in Cassiopea ornata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) suggests environmentally driven morphology”, in Zoomorphology, volume 141, number 2, page 115:We interpret differences in vesicle and cassiosome morphology in conjunction with nematocyst size disparities as a reflection of environment-mediated shifts in trophic strategy (photo-autotrophy versus heterotrophy).
2020 February 14, “Sakusa kurage no isshu, ‘dokuiri shuryūdan’ de hoshoku kenkyu [Research on one type of upside-down jellyfish that hunts with ‘poison hand grenades’]”, in AFP BB News:
- 「カッシオソーム(cassiosome)」と名付けられたこの小球は獲物を殺すことができ、「ひりひりする水」を生じさせるという。
- “Kasshiosōmu (cassiosome)” to nazukerareta kono shōtama wa emono o korosu koto ga deki, “hirihiri suru mizu” o shōjisaseru to iu.
- They say that small globules called cassiosomes can kill prey, producing what is called ‘stinging water’.