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- 1998, Glanville Price, Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe (Blackwell Publishers Ltd.), “Czech”, ‘Orthography’, pages 116–117
- The modern orthography uses the Latin alphabet with three diacritics: the háček ‘hook’ <ˇ> (but N.B. lower case <ď> and <ť> corresponding to capital <Ď> and <Ť>); the čárka ‘stroke’, like an acute accent, to denote a long syllable; and a kroužek ‘circle’ <˚>, which is used over long <u> in certain morphemically conditioned syllables.
- 1999, James D. Naughton, Colloquial Czech: The Complete Course for Beginners (2nd ed.), “Pronunciation guide”, ‘Vowels’, page 5
- The long vowel ú is normally spelt ů (with a kroužek ‘little circle’) except as the first letter in a word.
- 2004, Timothy Cheek, The Janáček Opera Libretti: Translations & Pronunciation, volume II: Káťa Kabanová, “Introduction”, ‘Pronunciation’, page 3
- The letter u can have a čárka or a kroužek (little circle) over its long version, as in krůta (turkey).
- 2005, Ari Rafaeli, Book Typography (Oak Knoll Press; →ISBN, 9781584561576), page 76
- Certainly one wants to use a proper háček, kroužek, čárka, ogonek, kreska ukoína, kropka, kra, dyet.† Or such other oddments and oddities as found in fig. 32 and in Robert Bringhurst’s book.